内镜治疗食管胃底静脉曲张并发脾梗死及反复腹腔感染1例报告

<正>1 病例资料患者男性,51岁,于2021年9月17日因“间断呕血黑便4年余,再发1 d”入院。患者4年余前出现呕血黑便,于本院就诊,确诊为“乙型肝炎肝硬化失代偿期,食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血,脾大伴脾功能亢进,腹水”,内镜检查发现食管胃底静脉曲张,胃底静脉曲张破裂并有活动性渗血(图1a),行内镜下组织胶注射治疗后出血停止,并予恩替卡韦口服抗病毒治疗。4个月后患者再发呕血黑便,胃镜检查提示胃底静脉曲张破裂出血,再次行内镜下止血治疗,     

左侧门脉高压症4例

病例报告例1男，27岁，工人因呕血，黑便入院，入院时体检：贫血外观，无黄染，无肝掌及蜘蛛点。无腹壁静脉曲张，肝未触及，脾肋下3crn急诊内镜示：食管静脉曲张破裂出血，B超示牌大，未见明显肝硬变样改变，乙肝标志物检查均明性，肝功正常，经内科止血，输血治疗无效后手术治疗，术中见肝脏大小，形态，色泽均正常，脾明显增大，肛门处门静脉被一索条状纤维组织压迫．切除此条索状物及脾脏后，随访10a患者未再出现上消化道出血．例2女，35岁，工人．因间断呕血，黑便多次住院治疗内镜检查见食管静脉曲张，乙肝及丙肝标志物检查均阴性．…     

华法林抗凝治疗乙型肝炎肝硬化继发血栓性门静脉海绵样变性1例报告

正1病例资料患者男性,36岁,因"反复黑便、呕血2年余,上腹部不适2周"于2011年2月4日首次来上海市公共卫生临床中心治疗。患者于2009年9月起开始出现反复呕血、黑便,曾多次就诊于当地医院,诊断为"失代偿期乙型肝炎肝硬化,食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血",并于2009年11月因"巨脾,脾功能亢进"行脾切除术。术后1周因继发性PLT增多,予以口服拜阿司匹     

肝门静脉海绵样变性合并Dieulafoy病大出血一例

患者女,28岁,因反复呕血、黑便19年,再发3 d入院.患者于1987年因呕血、黑便第1次入院,诊断为“肝硬化（原因不明）,脾功能亢进”,内镜见“重度食管静脉曲张”,行“脾切除和食管静脉断流术”,病情稳定后出院.1996年因黑便再次入院.经彩色多普勒、CT、肝静脉和下腔静脉造影等检查,诊断为“肝门静脉海绵样变性,门静脉高压症”,经内科治疗病情稳定后出院.     

门静脉性肺动脉高压1例报告

正1病例资料患者女性,47岁,因"乙型肝炎病原学阳性12年,间断呕血、黑便3年余,乏力、腹胀10 d,恶心、呕吐2 d"于2017年7月24日入本院。患者12年前因乏力、腹胀住院治疗,明确诊断为肝炎后肝硬化-乙型-失代偿期、脾大,同年行脾切除术,3年前因间断呕血、黑便住院治疗,并先后2次行食管-胃静脉曲张套扎术,后复查胃镜未见曲张静脉,就诊期间多次监测     

内镜下注射治疗Dieulafoy病出血

Ｄｉｅｕｌａｆｏｙ病是一少见的消化道出血，诊断困难，死亡率高。最近我们以内镜下注射治疗止血成功一例。”患者男，６７岁，因间断呕血黑便１周入院。病前无诱因及消化道症状，体检无特殊，呕血３０小时后胃镜检查仅见贲门处有血迹，诊为“贲门粘膜撕裂症”，予输血及法莫替丁静点治疗，血止。入院一周后无明显诱因再次呕血７００ｍｌ，黑便１０００ｍｌ，伴头昏、心慌、大汗，输血量达１８００ｍｌ，末次出血后５小时行床边胃镜，仅见距贲门５ｃｍ胃体底交界处后壁侧３ｍｍ大小的浅凹陷，中心有乳白色栓子突出，并见有鲜血渗出，水冲洗…     

改良单囊三腔管压迫下内镜硬化治疗时拉拔三腔管致食管穿孔的治疗

我院消化内科于2001年3月,对1例乙型肝炎后肝硬化合并食管静脉曲张破裂出血患者行去除食道囊的改良单囊三腔管压迫,内镜下硬化治疗。操作中因患者自己强行拉拔三腔管而导致食管穿孔,后经我科及时全力抢救而脱险,现报告如下。 临床资料:男,31岁,因反复乏力、纳差4年,呕血、黑便1d入院。原有乙型肝炎病史5年,4年前在外院诊断为“肝炎后肝硬化”。入院后诊断为“食管胃底静脉曲张破裂     

肝炎肝硬化异位静脉曲张破裂出血2例

异位静脉曲张(ectopic varices,EV)是指门脉高压引起食管胃底以外的静脉曲张[1]。其破裂出血在临床上少见,易延误诊治,今就我院近年收治的2例报告如下。病例1女性,43岁。因反复乏力、食欲减退9年,腹胀3年,腹痛3小时于2005年4月5日入院。既往有乙型肝炎病史9年,3年前曾多次呕血、黑便,超声波检查示肝硬化,脾肿大,门脉内径1.3cm;胃镜检查示食管胃底静脉曲张(CbRC( )F2.3LiE( )),经药物止血和多次行胃镜下食管胃底曲张静脉硬化剂治疗,未再发生消化道出血,此后院外一直服用心得安。入院时上腹部疼痛较剧,恶心,呕吐物为胃内容物,无咖啡色或血…     

间断上消化道出血19年诊断为胃泌素瘤一例

患者男,76岁,因间断解黑便19年伴反酸烧心10d入院。患者19年前因呕血、黑便于当地医院诊断为胃溃疡出血,行胃大部切除术,随后的2年内先后2次出现黑便 ,     

乙状结肠动静脉畸形一例

患者,女性,63岁.因"反复呕血、黑便10年,再发黑便13小时"入院.患者10年前开始出现腹胀、纳差、乏力,并多次出现呕血、黑便,经胃镜、B超等检查诊断为肝硬化失代偿期、食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血.予抑酸、止血、输血、降低门脉压力等处理后好转出院.2001年行脾动脉栓塞术及脾切+联合断流术.患者于2010年1月3日21时再次出现解黑色烂便,共解3次,量约800 g,门诊以上消化道出血于2010年1月4日收入我院消化内科.既往有输血史.否认嗜酒或疫区接触史,家族成员无相似疾病史.贫血貌,皮肤巩膜无黄染,心肺无异常,腹平软,肝肋下未触及,移动性浊音阴性,肠鸣音正常,双下肢不肿.     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.