腹腔镜根治术治疗结直肠癌对患者氧化应激、能量代谢的影响

目的 探讨腹腔镜根治术治疗结直肠癌对患者氧化应激、能量代谢的影响.方法 将我院收治的90例结直肠癌患者按治疗方式分为对照组(45例,传统开腹术治疗)和观察组(45例,腹腔镜根治术治疗).比较两组围手术期指标及氧化应激、能量代谢及炎症指标水平.结果 观察组术中出血量少于对照组,术后首次排气时间、正常进食时间及住院时间均短...     

腹腔镜结肠癌手术对机体应激反应及能量代谢的影响

目的 探讨腹腔镜辅助和开腹结肠癌根治术对患者机体应激反应及能量代谢的影响.方法 选择沈阳军区总医院普通外科2005年1月-2007年5月收治的结肠癌患者40例.20例行腹腔镜辅助根治术(腹腔镜组):20例行开腹根治术(开腹组).比较分析两组患者术前及术后第1天至第3天外周静脉血血糖(BG)、胰岛素(Ins)、三碘甲状腺原氨酸(T3)、四碘甲状腺原氨酸(T4)、促甲状腺激素刺激激素(TSH)、皮质醇(CS)及静息能量消耗(REE)的变化.结果 两组患者性别、年龄、身高、体重、术后病理分期等方面差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).术前两组BG、Ins、T3、T4、TSH及CS无差异.两种术式术后第1天BG及CS均升高.腹腔镜组BG及CS至术后第2夭恢复至术前水平(P＞0.05).开腹组BG及CS至术后第3天恢复互术前水平(P＞0.05).两组相比,开腹组术后第2天BG及CS水平明显高于腹腔镜组(P＜0.05).两种术式术后第1天Ins、T3及T4均降低,腹腔镜组Ins、T3及T4至术后第2天恢复至术前水平(P＞0.05).开腹组Ins、T3及T4至术后第3天恢复至术前水平(P＞0.05).两组相比,开腹组术后第2天Ins、T3及T4水平明显低于腹腔镜组(P＜0.05).腹腔镜组与开腹组TSH术后与术前差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).两组术后第1、2、3天KEE较术前明显升高(P＜O.05),术后第1天两组升高幅度差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),术后第2天腹腔镜组明显低于开腹组(P＜0.05).结论 腹腔镜结肠癌手术者机体应激反应持续时间短,反应强度低.同传统开腹手术一样,均可导致术后早期高代谢状态的发生.但腹腔镜手术更有利于患者机体高能量代谢的恢复.     

Genetic and epigenetic strategies for advancing ovarian cancer immunotherapy

Introduction: Immuno-oncology is currently the most popular field of cancer research and development. The surge of interest in immuno-oncology stems from recent clinical approvals and successes in clinical trials with new immuno-therapeutics and parallels a global trending interest in immunology. Among the current immunotherapeutic modalities, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICPIs) are some of the most prominent agents that strengthens the activity of our adaptive immune system, and has demonstrated success in treating different types of cancer. With significant promises in melanoma and other solid tumors, ICPIs have also been evaluated in ovarian cancer (OC). Contrary to expectations, their efficacy for treating OC is unfortunately very low.

Areas covered: In this review, immunotherapy response in OC will be evaluated in the context of disease genetics and epigenetics, with a focus on checkpoint blockade. Also, novel genetic and epigenetic therapies that show synergistic potential with current immunotherapies will be examined in detail.

Expert opinion: The low response rate of OC to current immune checkpoint therapies may be due to the highly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) of the disease. The application of genetic and epigenetic agents can pave the way for overcoming this barrier in OC immunotherapy.     

Energetic myocardial metabolism and oxidative stress: Let's make them our friends in the fight against heart failure

Heart failure (HF) is a syndrome causing a huge burden in morbidity and mortality worldwide. Current medical therapies for HF are aimed at suppressing the neurohormonal activation. However, novel therapies are needed for HF, independent of the neurohormonal axis, that can improve cardiac performance and prevent the progression of heart dysfunction. The modulation of cardiac metabolism may represent a new approach to the treatment of HF. The healthy heart converts chemical energy stored in fatty acids (FA) and glucose. Utilization of FA costs more oxygen per unit of ATP generated than glucose, and the heart gets 60–90% of its energy for oxidative phosphorylation from FA oxidation. The failing heart has been demonstrated to be metabolically abnormal, in both animal models and in patients, showing a shift toward an increased glucose uptake and utilization. The manipulation of myocardial substrate oxidation toward greater carbohydrate oxidation and less FA oxidation may improve ventricular performance and slow the progression of heart dysfunction. Impaired mitochondrial function and oxidative phosphorylation can reduce cardiac function by providing an insufficient supply of ATP to cardiomyocytes and by increasing myocardial oxidative stress. Although there are no effective stimulators of oxidative phosphorylation, several classes of drugs have been shown to open mitochondrial K_ATP channels and, indirectly, to improve cardiac protection against oxidative stress. This article focuses on the energetic myocardial metabolism and oxidative status in the normal and failing heart, and briefly, it overviews the therapeutic potential strategies to improve cardiac energy and oxidative status in HF patients.     

表观遗传学在淋巴系统肿瘤研究中的新进展

表观遗传学是研究不涉及DNA序列改变的基因表达和调控的可遗传修饰,即探索从基因演绎为表型的过程和机制的一门新兴学科。近年来诸多证据显示,表观遗传学改变在淋巴系统肿瘤发生发展过程中起重要作用。例如,近期多个实验室的资料显示,参与许多重要分子信号通路的基因在急性淋巴细胞白血病中是表观抑制的;一组甲基化标志可被用作慢性淋巴细胞白血病患者额外的危险分层因素;基于表观遗传学甲基化谱研究中间性(灰区)B细胞淋巴瘤类别划分模型;多发性骨髓瘤中mciroRNA介导的表观遗传学沉默与P53功能联系密切;表观遗传修饰治疗赋予免疫治疗更广的内涵,其可能是极富潜力的免疫治疗策略之一。本文就淋巴系统肿瘤中表观遗传学改变的最新研究进展及通过干预表观遗传修饰治疗的相关研究和应用前景做一综述。     

per2 基因参与边缘系统昼夜节律的研究进展

各种生物体生理、生化和行为过程都呈现一定的昼夜节律变化,并受到生物钟的调控。per2 基因是重要的生物钟基因之一,主要分布在下丘脑的视交叉上核以及中央杏仁核、终纹床核、海马等边缘系统结构,通过参与该系统昼夜节律的调节对情绪和内脏活动产生影响。中枢per2 基因的节律性通过对光信号、类固醇激素及其他相关递质的整合调节下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺(HPA)轴,作用于周围靶器官呈现昼夜节律性运动。本文对per2 的形态学和生物学及其参与边缘系统对情绪、内脏活动昼夜节律调节机理做一概述。     

How detection of epigenetic alterations of blood-borne DNA could improve melanoma diagnosis

Detection in blood of the genetic and epigenetic changes present in metastatic cancers is opening up new possibilities in molecular diagnostics. A number of methodological and clinical issues await resolution before serum epigenetic biomarkers can be considered a routine part of the management of melanoma patients following primary excision. However, there is every possibility that blood testing for the presence of methylated DNA will become an integral part of the clinical follow-up of such patients. The ability to identify patients with subclinical (asymptomatic) metastatic melanoma, combined with new, highly active targeted and immunomodulatory agents, may lead to further improvements in outcomes for this patient population.     

单侧入路PKP治疗胸腰椎骨质疏松性骨折的效果及对患者创伤应激反应、骨代谢指标的影响

目的 探讨单侧入路经皮椎体后凸成形术(PKP)治疗胸腰椎骨质疏松性骨折的效果.方法 选取2019年1月至2021年1月我院收治的300例胸腰椎骨质疏松性骨折患者,以抽签法按单双号分组形式随机将其分为对照组和观察组,各150例.对照组采用双侧入路PKP治疗,观察组采用单侧入路PKP治疗.比较两组的治疗效果.结果 术后1 ...     

Carbohydrate metabolism genes and pathways in insects: insights from the honey bee genome

Carbohydrate-metabolizing enzymes may have particularly interesting roles in the honey bee, Apis mellifera, because this social insect has an extremely carbohydrate-rich diet, and nutrition plays important roles in caste determination and socially mediated behavioural plasticity. We annotated a total of 174 genes encoding carbohydrate-metabolizing enzymes and 28 genes encoding lipid-metabolizing enzymes, based on orthology to their counterparts in the fly, Drosophila melanogaster, and the mosquito, Anopheles gambiae. We found that the number of genes for carbohydrate metabolism appears to be more evolutionarily labile than for lipid metabolism. In particular, we identified striking changes in gene number or genomic organization for genes encoding glycolytic enzymes, cellulase, glucose oxidase and glucose dehydrogenases, glucose-methanol-choline (GMC) oxidoreductases, fucosyltransferases, and lysozymes.     

认知行为压力管理对青年乳腺癌术后患者复发恐惧的影响研究

目的 探讨认知行为压力管理对缓解青年乳腺癌术后患者复发恐惧的作用.方法 采用方便抽样法,选取2021年1-7月于我院乳腺外科就诊的乳腺癌患者90例为研究对象.根据随机数字表将其分为干预组和对照组各45例.对照组采用常规护理方式,干预组在常规护理基础上给予8周认知行为压力管理.采用一般情况调查表、癌症患者恐惧疾病进展简化...     

Promoter methylation of galanin receptors as epigenetic biomarkers for head and neck squamous cell carcinomas

Introduction: While remarkable progress has been made in standard treatments for head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs), the long-term survival remains at an unsatisfactory 40–50%. To improve the survival rate, biomarkers for optimal treatment selection and prognostic prediction, as well as novel, low-toxicity treatment strategies, are required. Galanin receptor (GALR) 1 and GALR2 are well-studied tumor suppressors in HNSCCs. Compared with other clinicopathological factors, the epigenetic variants of GALRs have been found to be the most powerful markers to predict the prognosis of HNSCC patients.

Areas covered: This review outlines the functions and signaling pathways of GALRs and explains the potential of GALR promoter methylation as a biomarker for HNSCC prognosis. We also summarize recent developments in promoter methylation studies in HNSCC and indicate future directions for GALR promoter methylation studies.

Expert commentary: GALR studies have highlighted two major aspects with implications in HNSCC – that G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) act as tumor suppressor genes and that GALR promoter methylation is significantly related to the carcinogenesis of HNSCC. The findings of GALR studies can be applied to studies on other GPCRs and further in-depth DNA methylation studies. Deeper insights into GPCR epigenetics are expected to markedly improve HNSCC treatment.     

铁代谢调节及其相关疾病

铁原子在氧化还原反应中能够转运电子,因此对许多生理过程必不可少.过去20年,遗传性铁过载、铁缺乏、铁分布异常致病基因的发现,以及对铁稳态相关调节机制的进一步研究,使我们对人类机体内铁稳态的认识更为深刻.现结合相关文献,就铁代谢、铁稳态调节机制及其相关疾病的研究进展进行综述.     

黄石地区76例氯吡格雷治疗患者 CYP 2C19不同代谢表型的分布

目的：探讨湖北黄石地区氯吡格雷治疗患者 CYP2C19不同代谢表型的分布。方法取76例心内科住院氯吡格雷治疗患者的外周血,采用基因芯片方法对 CYP2C19基因进行分型,了解其代谢表型的分布,并与文献报道的中国正常汉族人群进行比较。结果在76例检测标本中检测出 CYP2C19的3种代谢表型,快代谢型、中间代谢型以及慢代谢型,所占比例分别为39．47％、44．74％和15．79％。与中国健康汉族人总体比例基本一致。结论湖北黄石地区氯吡格雷治疗患者的临床个体化用药方案可以中国汉族健康人群的个体化用药方案为参考依据。     

社区护理干预对2型糖尿病病人代谢控制指标的影响

[目的 ]探讨社区护理干预对2型糖尿病病人代谢控制指标的影响。 [方法 ]对实验组 3 7例 2型糖尿病病人进行为期 1a的针对性社区护理干预 ,如基础知识传授、操作技能演示、制定运动量及热量、药物治疗指导等。 1a后测定病人空腹血糖、餐后 2h血糖、糖化血红蛋白及体重指数 ,并与干预前进行比较。对对照组 40例 2型糖尿病病人进行 1a跟踪监测。 [结果 ]实验组干预前后代谢控制指标有统计学差异(P <0 .0 5 )。对照组病人 1a前后代谢控制指标无统计学差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。 [结论 ]社区护理干预能有效降低 2型糖尿病病人的代谢控制指标 ,从而减少并发症的发生     

Known epigenetic biomarkers for prostate cancer detection and management: exploring the potential of blood-based liquid biopsies

Introduction: Although prostate cancer (PCa) stands as an important cause of cancer-related deaths, a sizeable proportion of diagnosed cases are clinically insignificant. Hence, novel and more specific biomarkers to identify clinically significant PCa are needed. Liquid biopsies offer the potential to accurately identify cancer markers, including PCa. Epigenetic biomarkers such as cell-free DNA and circulating RNAs have emerged as minimally invasive cancer markers.

Areas covered: Herein, we provide an overview of epigenetic biomarkers current state based on a comprehensive review of the relevant literature in blood-based liquid biopsies and challenges/limitations of this new and growing field of cancer biomarkers.

Expert opinion: The epigenetic-based biomarkers characteristics make them attractive to the clinics and their minimally invasive assessment are a promising opportunity for PCa detection/management. The main limitations are the lack of robust validation studies and integrated approaches. Future studies would benefit from a change in focus to a ‘selected PCa detection’.     

Regulation of circadian behavioural output via clock-responsive miR-276b

Growing evidence indicates that microRNAs play numerous important roles. However, the roles of some microRNAs involved in regulation of circadian rhythm and sleep are still not well understood. In this study, we show that the miR-276b is essential for maintaining both sleep and circadian rhythm by targeting tim, npfr1 and DopR1 genes, with miR-276b deleted mutant flies sleeping more, and vice versa in miR-276b overexpressing flies. Through analysing its promoter, we found that mir-276b is responsive to CLOCK and regulates circadian rhythm through the negative feedback loop of the CLK/CYC-TIM/PER. Furthermore, miR-276b is broadly expressed in the clock neurons and the central complexes such as the mushroom body and the fan-shape body of Drosophila brain, in which up-regulation of miR-276b in tim, npfr1 and DopR1 expressing tissues significantly causes sleep decreases. This study clarifies that the mir-276b is very important for participating in regulation of circadian rhythm and sleep.