消化道平滑肌肿瘤的临床病理及免疫组化研究

消化道平滑肌肿瘤(ASMT)较常见,其发生率次于癌而居第二位,本文着重探讨其良恶性的诊断标准,以及平滑肌肉瘤的分级问题。 1 材料和方法 复查我院1970～1988年ASMT共75例,福尔马林固定,石蜡切片,HE染色,部分作Masson,VG及Gomori网状纤维染色。随机抽取62例,应用ABC法,标记Desmin及S_(100)(均为Dako公司),3例被排除平滑肌来源,     

消化道肿瘤的基因诊断

消化道肿瘤的基因诊断李申德消化道肿瘤包括几种我国很常见的恶性肿瘤，如食管癌、胃癌及大肠癌等。近年来尽管各国学者在诊断和治疗方面进行了大量的研究，但尚未取得突破性的进展，其５年治疗率仍徘徊在３０％～４０％之间。要想大幅度地降低疾病的死亡率，必须抓住关键...     

子宫平滑肌肿瘤病理学进展

子宫平滑肌肿瘤病理学进展张建民子宫平滑肌肿瘤病理学进展@张建民...     

多膜下腔出血后脑血管痉挛平滑肌超微结构研究

采用盐酸和胶原酶消化动脉外膜的技术,对正常的脑动脉、蛛网膜下腔出血后痉挛的脑动脉及经前列腺素Ｆ２α（ｐｒｏｓｔａｎｇｌａｎｄｉｎ Ｆ２α,ＰＧＦ２α）处理的脑动脉平滑肌细胞构筑进行研究。结果显示：正常平滑肌细胞是梭形的,沿着血管长轴环行分布,细胞间通过突起相连,肌细胞外膜面通常是光滑的,痉挛的脑动脉和经ＰＧＦ２α处理的脑动脉平滑肌外膜面均出现非常相似的膜皱折和卷曲,缺间隙增宽。透射电镜显示急性痉挛     

胰腺囊实性肿瘤的免疫组化及超微结构观察

目的：了解胰腺囊实性肿瘤的免疫组化及超微结构特点。分析其临床病理特点与预后的关系。方法：用HE、过碘酸雪夫（PAS）和免疫组化（S-P法）及电镜观察7例胰腺囊实性肿瘤。结果：肿瘤较大,包膜较完整,囊实相同,显微镜观察HE染色片中瘤细胞大小形态较一致。核圆形或卵圆形,核异型不明显,核分裂象罕见,肿瘤细胞围绕纤维血管复层排列形成假乳头片中瘤细胞大小形态较一致。核圆形或卵圆形,核异型不明显,核分裂象罕见,肿瘤细胞围绕纤维血管复层排列形成假乳头突起为其特征。免疫表型,波形蛋白2例表达阳性,低分子量角蛋白6例为阳性,突触素4例为阳性,α1-AT6例阳性,胰岛素2例阳性,高分子量角蛋白,上皮膜抗原,生长抑素均为阴性,超微结构观察,4例瘤细胞分化良好,有数个细胞内含有类似酶原颗粒小体,直径0.8-1.2μm,有界膜,电子密度不均。结论：胰腺囊实性肿瘤可能起源于胰腺腺泡又具有内分泌特征,临床经过表现为良性,预后良好。     

子宫平滑肌肿瘤的病理诊断

子宫平滑肌肿瘤的病理诊断张廷■子宫平滑肌肿瘤的病理诊断@张廷■...     

子宫平滑肌肿瘤诊断中的一些问题

子宫平滑肌瘤是病理医师日常工作中最常遇到的妇科标本之一 ,绝大多数病例不存在诊断的问题。当这种肿瘤出现特殊的组织形态和生长方式而类似于平滑肌肉瘤、子宫内膜间质肿瘤 ,或其他肿瘤的表现时就会造成诊断上的困难[1,2 ] ,往往出现意见分歧。现就子宫平滑肌瘤诊断的陷阱(变型 ) ,子宫平滑肌肉瘤诊断的难点 (标准 ) ,不能确定恶性潜能的子宫平滑肌肿瘤 ,以及诊断子宫平滑肌肿瘤的某些共同原则等问题讨论如下。一、诊断子宫平滑肌瘤的陷阱 (变型 )某些子宫平滑肌瘤的变型可能被误诊为平滑肌肉瘤或其他类型的子宫肿瘤 ,因此 ,正确理解子宫…     

神经酰胺与消化道肿瘤

神经酰胺是一种第二信使 ,能特异性地将细胞外信号传递至细胞核 ,发挥多种生物学效应。神经酰胺与消化系统肿瘤的发生发展及耐药有密切关系 ,为消化系统肿瘤的诊断与治疗提供了有价值的依据     

Malignant Smooth Muscle Tumors of the Gastrointestinal Tract: An Ultrastructural Study of 20 Cases

Twenty malignant soft tissue tumors arising from the stomach or intestine have been studied by light and electron microscopy, and the clinical records of each patient reviewed. The tumors were all considered to be of smooth muscle origin by light microscopy: Ten were spindle cell and ten were epithelioid neoplasms. By electron microscopy, only five tumors possessed smooth muscle features. A sequence of dedifferentiation could be traced among the remaining cases, indicating that the epithelioid tumors are of smooth muscle derivation. Awareness of the broad spectrum of fine structure displayed by these neoplasms will facilitate their ultrastructural identification.     

Malignant Smooth Muscle Tumors of the Gastrointestinal Tract: An Ultrastructural Study of 20 Cases

Twenty malignant soft tissue tumors arising from the stomach or intestine have been studied by light and electron microscopy, and the clinical records of each patient reviewed. The tumors were all considered to be of smooth muscle origin by light microscopy: Ten were spindle cell and ten were epithelioid neoplasms. By electron microscopy, only five tumors possessed smooth muscle features. A sequence of dedifferentiation could be traced among the remaining cases, indicating that the epithelioid tumors are of smooth muscle derivation. Awareness of the broad spectrum of fine structure displayed by these neoplasms will facilitate their ultrastructural identification.     

Ultrastructural Changes of the Smooth Muscle in Esophageal Atresia

Esophageal atresia (EA) with or without tracheo-esophageal fistula (TEF) is a relatively rare congenital anomaly. Despite the advances in the management techniques and neonatal intensive care, esophageal dysmotility remains a very common problem following EA/TEF repair. Our current study aimed to describe the most significant ultrastructural changes of the smooth muscle cells (SMCs) trying to highlight some of the underlying mechanisms of esophageal dysmotility following EA/TEF repair. Twenty-three biopsies were obtained from the tip of the lower esophageal pouch (LEP) of 23 patients during primary repair of EA/TEF. Light microscopic examination was performed with hematoxylin and eosin (HE), and Van Gieson’s stains. Ultrastructural examination was done using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Histopathological examination showed distortion of smooth muscle layer and deposition of an abundant amount of fibrous tissue in-between smooth muscles. Using TEM, SMCs exhibited loss of the cell-to-cell adhesion, mitochondrial vacuolation, formation of myelin figures, and apoptotic fragmentation. There were also plasmalemmal projections and formation of ghost bodies. Interestingly, SMCs were found extending pseudopodia-like projections around adjacent collagen fibers. Engulfed collagen fibers by SMCs underwent degradation within autophagic vacuoles. Degeneration of SMCs and deposition of abundant extracellular collagen fibers are prominent pathological changes in LEP of EA/TEF. These changes might contribute to the pathogenesis of esophageal dysmotility in patients who have survived EA/TEF.     

Adenosarcoma of the Uterus with Extensive Smooth Muscle Differentiation: Ultrastructural Study and Review of the Literature

Four cases of Mullerian adenosarcoma were studied by light and electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry. All 4 cases showed the histologic characteristics of adenosarcoma with benign endometrial glands and a malignant stroma. Ultrastructurally, the epithelial component in all cases had the appearance of proliferative endometrial glands, and the malignant mesenchymal cells showed features of endometrial stroma. A distinct basal lamina separating glands from stroma was present. In addition, 2 of the cases showed extensive smooth muscle differentiation which was associated with sarcomatous overgrowth. The smooth muscle features were confirmed by immunohistochemistry. Multiple theories of the histogenesis of this tumor are discussed.     

消化道内窥镜机器人新型微驱动机构的研究

基于仿生学原理及人体消化道特性，研制出一种电磁型索状蠕动式内窥镜机器人微驱动机构。阐明了微驱动机构的驱动原理，提出了该微驱动机构适合的结构形式及驱动方式，分析了该微驱动机构的驱动性能及其消化道适应性。结果表明，该新型微驱动机构结构简单，控制方便灵活，可以有效实现在消化道的全方位驱动。     

Primary Smooth Muscle Tumor of the Pleura: A Clinicopathological Case Report with Ultrastructural Observations and a Review of the Literature

Primary smooth muscle tumor of the pleura is exceptionally rare. The authors describe a primary smooth muscle tumor of the pleura that was discovered incidentally on chest X-ray in a 73-year-old man. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a 12 × 18 × 15-cm pleura-based mass arising from the posterior mediastinum. Computerized tomography (CT) guided needle cores from the pleura showed a primary smooth muscle tumor of undetermined malignant potential. Further excision of the whole tumor showed an intimate relation to pleura, and the diagnosis of leiomyosarcoma was made. The clinical, radiological, histopathological, immunohistochemical, and ultrastuctural findings were consistent with a primary smooth muscle tumor of the pleura. This is the seventh case in the literature of a primary smooth muscle tumor of the pleura, which, to the best of the authors' knowledge, is the first such case of the pleura to be diagnosed on CT-guided needle biopsy. In conclusion, this method of investigation is recommended since it is minimally invasive but has a rewarding yield in providing the most likely diagnosis, predicting prognosis, and management planning.     

培养的正常及动脉粥样硬化兔主动脉平滑肌细胞的超微结构比较研究

将正常及动脉粥样硬化兔主动脉病灶处平滑肌细胞进行体外培养,应用培养细胞的原位包埋技术及超微结构的定量分析,观察并比较了两者的超微结构。结果表明,动脉粥样硬化兔平滑肌细胞内肌丝成分显著较正常兔平滑肌细胞少,粗面内质网及线粒体较正常者丰富。本文对其意义进行了讨论。     

上消化道出血患者检测血清前白蛋白的临床意义

目的:探讨血清前白蛋白在上消化道出血中的意义。方法:对32例肝硬化并发上消化道出血患者及30例胃十二指肠疾病并发上消化道出血患者进行血清前白蛋白(PA)测定,并与34例正常对照相比较。结果:肝硬化并发上消化道出血患者血清PA低于胃十二指肠疾病并发上消化道出血者及正常对照组,且肝硬化组PA分布与后两者无重迭;Child分级间PA有显著差异。结论:上消化道出血患者检测血清PA有助于肝硬化并发出血的诊断,并可帮助判断病情及估计预后。     

组织工程平滑肌构建的研究进展

平滑肌在人和动物体内分布广泛,普遍存在于消化道、呼吸道、血管、泌尿、生殖等诸多内脏器官中,通过收缩蠕动来协助器官的功能发挥,是重要的功能组织。平滑肌组织工程的研究目的就是要为这些组织和器官的功能化重建提供支撑。目前关于单纯平滑肌组织工程研究的报道并不太多,大多的研究主要结合在诸如血管、胃肠等组织/器官的构建中。对于平滑肌的构建仍然存在诸如生物材料的性能不可控、支架的制备技术较单一、种子细胞的培养技术和生物功能较欠缺、以及动物体内实验不完善等问题,实验室研究与实际应用还存在较大距离。本文主要从种子细胞的获取及支架构建两大方面阐述平滑肌组织工程的研究进展。从干细胞诱导分化为平滑肌细胞的研究示例中展望干细胞作为种子细胞的前景。     

Ultrastructural Changes in Smooth Muscle Cells of the Small Intestine in Suckling Rabbits with Experimental Cholera

Ultrastructural study of the small intestine in suckling rabbits with experimental cholera revealed involvement of the inner and outer smooth muscle layers into the pathological process. Smooth muscle cells were characterized by vacuolar and fatty degeneration and focal colliquative necrosis. Apoptosis played little role in gastrointestinal motility disturbances. The presence of considerable amounts of fluid in intestinal loops reflects peristaltic dysfunction due to generalized damage to smooth muscle cells.