脑电仿生电刺激对脑梗死后认知功能障碍的影响

目的观察脑电仿生电刺激小脑顶核对脑梗死后认知功能障碍的影响,并探讨其可能的机制。方法选取脑梗死后并发认知功能障碍患者50例,随机分成治疗组与对照组各25例。2组患者均接受康复治疗及认知功能训练,治疗组同时加用脑电仿生电刺激进行干预。2组患者分别于治疗前后应用蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)、简易精神状态量表(MMSE)评定认知功能变化,采用经颅多普勒超声(TCD)评估颅内动脉血流动力学改变。结果治疗后2组患者MoCA评分、MMSE评分均较组内治疗前提高(P<0.05),且治疗组评分明显较对照组高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后2组患者颅内动脉血流动力学较组内治疗前改善(P<0.05),且治疗组较对照组改善更显著,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗组与对照组总有效率分别为92%和64%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论脑电仿生电刺激小脑顶核可有效改善脑梗死患者的认知功能,其可能机制是通过改善患者的脑循环进一步改善认知功能。     

计算机化认知训练对脑卒中后认知功能障碍的影响

目的 探讨计算机化认知训练对脑卒中后认知功能障碍的影响。方法 将90例脑卒中后认知功能障碍(PSCI)患者随机分为对照组(30例)、人工组(30例)及计算机组(30例),3组患者均给予常规的内科治疗及肢体康复训练,人工组增加人工认知功能训练,计算机组增加基于认知能力评定与康复系统(CAARS)的计算机辅助认知训练,训练时间共4周,5 d/周,60 min/d,在基线时、训练结束时及训练结束12周后采用蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)评估各组患者的认知功能。结果 在训练结束时和训练结束12周后,人工组和计算机组的MoCA总分、注意力、抽象能力和记忆力均较对照组改善显著(P<0.05); 且计算机组的视空间执行能力和抽象能力较人工组改善更加显著(P<0.05)。结论 早期的认知功能训练对改善缺血性脑卒中患者急性期的认知功能障碍有积极的作用,且计算机化认知训练较人工认知训练在改善PSCI患者的视空间执行能力和抽象能力方面效果更显著。     

鼠神经生长因子联合丹红注射液治疗急性脑梗死认知功能障碍临床分析

目的评估鼠神经生长因子联合丹红注射液治疗急性脑梗死后认知功能障碍的临床疗效及安全性。方法选取在48 h内发病的脑梗死后认知功能障碍患者242例,随机分为对照组(121例)及治疗组(121例),治疗前后使用日常生活活动能力评定量表(ADL)及简易智能状态量表(MMSE)评估临床疗效,并对其安全性进行评价。结果2组患者治疗后日常生活活动能力评定及简易智能状态量表评分均较治疗前明显改善(P<0.05),且治疗组简易智能状态量表评分高于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗组总有效率(92.56%)高于对照组(75.21%)(P<0.05)。2组均未发生严重不良反应。结论鼠神经生长因子联合丹红注射液治疗急性脑梗死患者能有效改善卒中后认知功能障碍,且安全性较高。     

重复经颅磁刺激对慢性精神分裂症认知功能的影响对照研究

目的评价重复经颅磁刺激(rTMS)对慢性精神分裂症患者认知功能障碍的疗效及安全性。方法 44例慢性精神分裂症患者,随机分为两组,分别接受rTMS真刺激治疗(研究组)和伪刺激治疗(对照组)4周,应用阳性和阴性综合征量表(PANSS)、治疗时出现的症状量表(TESS)及可重复的成套神经心理状态测量(RBANS)在治疗前后评估患者的精神症状、不良反应及认知功能。结果 (1)与治疗前比较,研究组4周治疗后PANSS总分及各因子分较前均有下降,差异有显著的统计学意义(P<0.01),而对照组则无差异,两组治疗前后TESS分比较无统计学差异(P>0.05);(2)研究组4周治疗后RBANS总分、视觉广度分、注意分、延时记忆分较前均有升高,差异有显著统计学意义(P<0.01),即刻记忆分有所升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。对照组4周后除延时记忆分有升高并有统计学意义(P<0.05),RBANS总分及其他因子分均无统计学意义(P>0.05);(3)研究组4周治疗后除PANSS分差值、一般精神病理量表分差值两项与即刻记忆分差值呈负相关(P<0.05))外,其余各项认知功能因子分变化与PANSS量表因子分变化无相关性(P>0.05)。结论 rTMS可以改善分裂症患者的认知功能,这种改善与阴性症状的改善无相关性,且不良反应小。     

无症状性ICA患者行颈动脉支架置入术对认知功能的影响

目的 探讨颈动脉支架置入术对无症状性颈动脉高度狭窄患者认知功能的影响。方法 以本院2012年2月～2014年2月治疗的96例行颈动脉支架置入术的无症状性颈动脉高度狭窄患者为研究组,以同期90例行常规内科治疗的无症状性颈动脉高度狭窄患者为对照组,分别在治疗前3 d和治疗后3个月采用连线测验(TMTa、TMTb)、简易智能量表(MMSE)、阿尔茨海默病评估量表认知部分(ADAS-Cog)评估患者的认知功能。结果 研究组患者治疗前3 d颈动脉狭窄为(79.51±6.02)%,治疗后3个月残余狭窄为(13.52±6.01)%,治疗后3个月狭窄程度较治疗前3 d有明显改善(P<0.05); 治疗后研究组狭窄程度显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。与治疗前3 d相比,研究组治疗后3个月患者的MMSE评分明显增加(P<0.05),TMTa、TMTb和ADAS-Cog评分均明显降低(P<0.05); 治疗3个月研究组各指标均显著优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 颈动脉高度狭窄可能造成患者认知功能损伤,即使是无症状的此类患者,行颈动脉支架置入术对患者的认知功能也具有一定的改善作用,并且可降低颈动脉狭窄程度。     

左侧前额叶背外侧区高频重复经颅磁刺激对帕金森病患者的效果观察

目的探讨在左侧前额叶背外侧区(DLPFC)给予高频重复经颅磁刺激(rTMS)治疗后,是否改善帕金森病(PD)患者的运动症状及睡眠障碍。方法应用统一帕金森病评定量表第三部分(UPDRS-Ⅲ)、起立-行走测试(TUG)、匹兹堡睡眠量表(PSQI)对34例接受规范操作下rTMS治疗患者(rTMS+药物组)及45例未给予rTMS治疗患者(药物组)进行评估,对比分析2组患者基线、治疗结束时、治疗结束后1个月的运动症状及睡眠障碍改善情况。结果所有参与者均完成研究,未发现严重不良反应。与基线相比,rTMS+药物组治疗结束时UPDRS第三部分(19.35±5.91)、TUG时间(12.37±4.44)及PSQI总分(18.62±7.64)均显著改善(P<0.05)。rTMS干预后UPDRS-Ⅲ总分、TUG时间及PSQI总分的改善维持了1个月。2组治疗结束时的症状比较显示,药物组UPDRS-Ⅲ总分(22.38±6.73)、TUG时间(16.94±5.16)及PSQI总分(21.31±6.26)均明显高于rTMS+药物组(P<0.05)。结论在常规药物治疗的基础上,辅以规律的左侧DLPFC高频rTMS治疗,对PD运动症状及睡眠障碍的改善优于单纯药物治疗。     

重酒石酸卡巴拉汀对难治性精神分裂症立体定向手术后短期认知功能障碍的初步探讨

目的探讨胆碱酯酶抑制剂对改善立体定向手术后短期认知功能障碍临床效果。方法由2名精神科医师统一标准,采用简明精神量表(BPRS)与PANSS精神量表评估将50例患者分为以阳性症状为主和以阴性症状为主。根据不同的症状行立体定向手术治疗。采用简易智力状态量表(MMSE)、龚氏修订的韦氏成人智力测定量表(WAIS-RC)和韦氏记忆量表(WMS)于手术前2 d和术后5 d明确患者存在认知功能障碍为入选病例,随机、盲法分为药物组和对照组,3个月后回访。结果患者经立体定向手术3个月后,采用简明精神量表(BPRS)与PANSS精神量表评估,患者精神症状控制好,有统计学意义。在给予胆碱酯酶抑制剂后采用简易智力状态量表(MMSE)、韦氏成人智力量表(WAIS-RC)和韦氏记忆量表(WMS)评定后,在术后3个月内,药物组患者认知功能明显提高,有统计学意义(P<0.05),对照组认知功能有所改善,但无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论胆碱酯酶抑制剂对于改善立体定向手术后短期认知功能障碍有效果。     

131I联合帕罗西汀对甲状腺功能亢进伴情绪障碍患者的效果

目的观察¹³¹I联合帕罗西汀治疗甲亢伴情绪障碍患者的临床效果及其对甲状腺功能的影响。方法选取我科2018年6月~2019年10月期间收治的109例甲状腺功能亢进伴情绪障碍患者作为研究对象,对照组54例给予¹³¹I治疗,观察组55例在对照组基础上加用帕罗西汀治疗,治疗两个月后对比两组患者的临床疗效、促甲状腺素(TSH)、游离甲状腺素(FT4)、游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT3)水平和焦虑情况评分、抑郁情况评分、症状自评量表(SCL-90),以及两组用药后不良反应的发生情况。结果治疗后观察组总有效率为92.73%明显高于对照组的74.07%(P<0.05);治疗后两组患者体内TSH、FT4、FT3水平明显优于治疗前(P<0.05),治疗后观察组体内TSH、FT4、FT3水平明显优于对照组(P<0.05);治疗后两组患者SAS、SDS评分明显优于治疗前(P<0.05),治疗后观察组SAS、SDS评分明显优于对照组(P<0.05);两组患者不良反应发生率对比无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论¹³¹I联合帕罗西汀能明显提高甲状腺功能亢进症伴情绪障碍患者的临床疗效,改善患者TSH、FT4、FT3水平,消除焦虑、抑郁情绪。     

左乙拉西坦治疗癫伴认知功能障碍患儿疗效观察

目的分析左乙拉西坦治疗癫伴认知功能障碍患儿的临床疗效。方法选择在本院接受治疗的癫伴认知功能障碍患儿作为研究对象,分别给予常规治疗及左乙拉西坦治疗,比较2组患儿的认知功能、脑电活动情况及生活质量评分等差异。结果观察组总有效率(66.67%)、MMES评分(25.47±4.83)、无认知功能障碍(83.33%)、躯体功能(76.87±7.16)、心理功能(59.32±5.34)、社会功能(58.76±2.16)、总体生活质量(82.34±8.21)评分均明显高于对照组(P<0.05);癫样放电(15%)、α波(18.21±3.36)、β波(10.32±2.25)、δ(12.36±2.25)、θ波(20.32±3.24)数目均明显少于对照组(P<0.05)。结论左乙拉西坦可有效改善癫伴认知功能障碍患儿的认知功能,减少异常脑电活动,提高生活质量。     

尼莫地平对Alzheimer病患者认知功能和听觉事件相关电位P300的影响

目的 观察尼莫地平对Alzheimer病(AD)患者认知功能和听觉事件相关电位P300的影响.方法 将65例AD患者随机分成两组,尼莫地平治疗组(尼莫地平组,32例):尼莫地平注射液治疗;吡拉西坦对照组(吡拉西坦组,33例):吡拉西坦注射液治疗.应用简易精神状态检查量表(MMSE)评定两组患者治疗前后认知功能状况,并进行治疗前后P300检查.同时记录药物不良反应.结果 两组各30例进入结果分析.治疗前两组MMSE评分、P300的潜伏期及波幅差异无显著性(均P＞0.05).治疗14 d、30 d时,两组MMSE评分显著提高(均P＜0.01),P300潜伏期均有缩短,波幅均有提高(尼莫地平组P＜0.01,吡拉西坦组P＜0.05);治疗90 d时,尼莫地平组MMSE评分显著提高、P300潜伏期显著缩短、波幅显著提高(均P＜0.01).治疗后14 d时认知功能改善尼莫地平组明显优于吡拉西坦组(总有效率分别为76.67%,70%)(P＜0.05).两组治疗期间无严重不良反应.结论 尼莫地平注射液能够改善AD患者的认知功能,比吡拉西坦更有效;这可能与尼莫地平的脑保护作用有关.     

Qualitative and quantitative assessment of fatigue in multiple sclerosis (MS)

It was the aim of the present study to develop a synoptic multidimensional test system for assessment of fatigue in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients objectifying physical and mental fatigue as well as the subjective and objective standpoint in these two fatigue forms. Seventy nine patients with relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) and 51 age-matched healthy controls (H) were analysed by means of the physical fatigue test (hand dynamometer) and an objective mental fatigue test (vigilance test from the computerised Test Battery for Attentional Performance). Furthermore, subjective tiredness caused by test procedures, subjective persisting tiredness (Modified Fatigue Impact Scale; MFIS: physical and cognitive scale) and mood (Beck Depression Inventory; BDI-18) were analysed.MS patients differed significantly from the controls in their objective physical and mental performance under fatigue, as well as in their subjective estimation of tiredness. MS patients showed an inverse relationship between below-average objective performance and high subjective feeling of tiredness when compared to controls. Subjectively severely tired MS patients achieved clearly poorer performances on the hand dynamometer test and slightly poorer performances on the vigilance test when compared to subjectively rarely tired MS patients. Depressed MS patients estimated their subjective tiredness in the MFIS significantly higher than non-depressed MS patients, but attained the same objective performance. This set of standardised tests enables meaningful comparisons between objective fatigue performance and subjective fatigue estimations in the physical and mental sphere and considers the influence of depression. Depression affects the subjective tiredness but not the objective fatigue performance.     

肢体缺血后处理改善脑梗死预后和认知障碍

目的观察肢体缺血后处理(RIPost C)对急性脑梗死神经功能的治疗作用及其对认知障碍的影响,且探讨适宜的疗程。方法收录发病72 h以内、未溶栓的急性前循环梗死患者,随机分为4组,即RIPost C 10 d组、RIPost C 14 d组和对照10 d组、对照14 d组,并分别进行4个循环的充气和放气。比较美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分、脑梗死体积(入院时、10 d时、14 d时和90 d时),改良Rankin量表(mRS)评分(入院时、90 d时良好转归率),简易智能精神状态检查量表(MMSE)和蒙特利尔认知评估量表(Mo CA)(14 d时、90 d时认知障碍率)。结果纳入89例符合标准的急性脑梗死患者(44例RIPost C组,45例对照组),在RIPost C 10 d组中仅有1例不能耐受而放弃治疗,对照组完全耐受。在对照组中,3名患者复发脑梗死(分别为30 d时、65 d时和78 d时),而在RIPost C各亚组中均没有发生任何相关的心脑血管事件。在90 d时,与对照10 d组和对照14 d组相比,RIPost C 10 d组和RIPost C 14 d组的NIHSS评分均显著性降低(P 0.05);梗死体积分别减少33.7%和37.2%,差异有统计学意义(P 0.05); mRS的良好转归率明显增高(P 0.05); Mo CA、MMSE认知障碍率显著性降低(P 0.05)。与RIPost C 10 d组相比,RIPost C 14 d组中NIHSS评分、mRS的良好转归率无明显变化,差异无统计学意义(P 0.05)。结论急性脑梗死后进行RIPost C具有很好的耐受性、安全性及可行性,能减少脑梗死体积,减少残疾,改善预后。同时,也能够改善脑梗死后认知功能障碍。但RIPost C 10 d和14 d对脑梗死神经功能的治疗作用及其对认知障碍的影响无显著差别,所以,RIPost C治疗10 d是较为合适的治疗疗程。     

Is there an association between subjective and objective measures of cognitive function in patients with affective disorders?

Background: Patients with affective disorders experience cognitive dysfunction in addition to their affective symptoms. The relationship between subjectively experienced and objectively measured cognitive function is controversial with several studies reporting no correlation between subjective and objective deficits. Aims: To investigate whether there is a correlation between subjectively reported and objectively measured cognitive function in patients with affective disorders, and whether subjective complaints predict objectively measured dysfunction. Methods: The study included 45 participants; 15 with bipolar disorder (BD), 15 with unipolar disorder (UD) and 15 healthy individuals. Participants’ subjectively experienced cognitive function and objective cognitive function were assessed with the Massachusetts General Hospital Cognitive and Physical Functioning Questionnaire (CPFQ) and the Screen for Cognitive Impairment in Psychiatry (SCIP), respectively. Patients were rated for affective symptoms with Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) and Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS). Results: Patients demonstrated subjective and objective cognitive dysfunction relative to controls (P-values ≤ 0.01) but there were no differences between patient groups (P > 0.1). We found no correlation between subjectively experienced and objectively measured cognitive dysfunction in BD (P = 0.7), and a non-significant trend towards a correlation in UD (P = 0.06), which disappeared when controlling for gender (P = 0.1). Conclusion: Our results suggest that it is not necessarily patients who have cognitive complaints that are most impaired. If confirmed in a larger sample, our findings suggest that neuropsychological assessment is warranted to elucidate the potential role of cognitive dysfunction in patients’ everyday lives and to inform treatment strategies targeting these difficulties.     

The effects of moclobemide on autonomic and cognitive functions in healthy volunteers

BACKGROUND: Moclobemide, a reversible and selective inhibitor of the MAO-A isoenzyme, is marketed as an antidepressant that lacks autonomic and cognitive side effects. However, only few and inconclusive quantitative data on the effects of moclobemide on autonomic and cognitive functions have been reported in the literature. Therefore, a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled crossover trial was performed. METHODS: Twelve healthy male volunteers (age 22-29 years) received orally 150 mg moclobemide b.i.d. and placebo for 14 days each. Heart rate variability (HRV) and skin conductance response (SCR) following sudden deep breath were employed as parameters for autonomic function. Quantitative EEG (qEEG) and psychometric tests served as parameters for cognitive function. Measurements were performed before the start of drug administration and repeatedly on the last treatment day. RESULTS: Parameters of HRV and SCR were not changed by multiple dosing with moclobemide (P > 0.05). Neither cognitive functions such as flicker fusion frequency, memory, choice reaction time, and psychomotor performance nor qEEG was significantly influenced, but subjective tiredness was decreased at all time points of measurement after multiple dosing with moclobemide (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, moclobemide does not appear to influence autonomic functions or cognitive functions when given subchronically to healthy humans. In contrast, changes in subjective mood hint at a subtle activating effect.     

盐酸多奈哌齐治疗血管性痴呆及对IGF-1影响的临床研究

目的 观察盐酸多奈哌齐治疗血管性痴呆患者的临床疗效及对IGF-1的影响.方法 将98例血管性痴呆患者随机分为盐酸多奈哌齐治疗组51例和对照组47例,治疗前后对所有患者采用MMSE、ADL、CDR评分进行认知能力,日常生活能力和痴呆程度评估.同时测定治疗前后胰岛素样生长因子-1(IGF-1)水平变化,并与同期在我院体检的38健康者进行比较.结果 治疗组治疗后总有效率明显高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).治疗组治疗后MMSE、ADL、CDR评分均优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).治疗后治疗组IGF-1水平明显升高,和对照组比较差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 盐酸多奈哌齐能够显著改善血管性痴呆患者的认知功能和日常生活能力,降低痴呆程度,并能提升血管性痴呆患者IGF-1水平.     

缺血性脑卒中后认知功能障碍病人血清胱抑素-C水平变化及其意义

目的 探讨缺血性脑卒中后认知功能障碍病人血清胱抑素C（Cys-C）水平变化及其意义。方法 选择2017年1月~2019年1月收治的缺血性脑卒中79例,其中36例伴认知功能障碍（观察组）,43例不伴认知功能障碍（对照组）,另选同期健康体检者30例作为正常组。治疗前、治疗后3、7 d检测血清Cys-C浓度。发生缺血性脑卒中后7 d内,使用蒙特利尔认知评估量表评分评估认知功能,总分<26分表示存在认知功能障碍。结果 观察组Cys-C阳性检出率（83.33%,30/36）明显高于对照组（13.95%,6/43;P<0.05）和正常组（10.00%,3/30;P<0.05）,而对照组和正常组之间无统计学差异（P>0.05）。观察组血清Cys-C水平[（1.68±0.49）mg/L]明显高于对照组[（0.89±0.30）mg/L;P<0.05]和正常组[（0.76±0.35）mg/L;P<0.05],而对照组和正常组之间无统计学差异（P>0.05）。观察组治疗后3 d血清Cys-C水平[（1.20±0.40）mg/L]较治疗前明显降低（P<0.05）,治疗后7 d血清Cys-C水平[（0.80±0.25）mg/L]较治疗后3 d明显降低（P<0.05）。结论 血清Cys-C阳性率及水平检测,可作为评估缺血性脑卒中后认知功能障碍的参考指标。     

Comorbidity in Stroke-Survivors: Prevalence and Associations with Functional Outcomes and Health

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and impact of stroke-related comorbidity in a community-based sample of stroke survivors. We sought to find out which types of comorbidity that were most important with respect to the patients’ functional outcomes and general health.Materials and MethodsAll stroke survivors (n = 330) living in a medium-sized Swedish municipality were included. Patient records were reviewed to determine the presence of comorbidities. A selection of patient reported outcomes were used to assess subjective symptoms, functional outcomes, and general health. Logistic regression models were used to investigate the association between comorbidities, residual symptoms, and subjective symptoms on the one hand, and functional outcomes and general health on the other hand.ResultsHypertension (80%) was the most common cardiovascular risk factor. Ischemic heart disease was found in 18% and congestive heart failure in 10%. Of non-cardiovascular disorders, orthopaedic diseases were commonest (30%). Psychiatric disorders and cognitive impairment were present in 11% and 12% respectively. Hemiparesis is associated with both functional outcomes and general health. Additionally, orthopedic disorders, vertigo, cognitive impairment, nicotine use, chronic pulmonary disorders, and age, are associated with different functional outcomes. Psychiatric, orthopedic and neurological disorders are related to general health. The patient-reported outcome measure “feeling of tiredness” is important for many of the outcomes, while “feeling depressed” and “having pain” are associated with general health.ConclusionsMany medical conditions, several of which have received little attention so far, are associated with functional outcome and general health in stroke survivors. If the intention is to describe comorbidity relevant to function and general health in stroke patients, disorders that hitherto have received little attention, must be considered.     

尿激酶和硫酸镁联合治疗急性脑梗死的临床研究

目的评价尿激酶和硫酸镁联合治疗急性脑梗死（发病6h内）的疗效及其安全性。方法 凡符合入选标准的病人60例随机分为治疗组和对照组，治疗组应脂尿激酶和硫酸镁治疗，对照组应用尿激酶治疗，评价治疗前及治疗后24h、7d、14d、28d、90d的神经功能缺损评分和90d后疗效。结果（1）治疗后7d、14d、28d、90d时治疗组神经功能缺损与对照组比较有显著差异（P〈0．05）。（2）治疗90d后治疗组显效率和基本痊愈率与对照绀比较有差异（P〈0．05），（3）治疗组不良反应发生率低于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论静脉内联合应用尿激酶和硫酸镁比单用尿激酶溶栓治疗效果好。     

Fatigue in neuroimmunological diseases

Fatigue is a widespread symptom in numerous neuroimmunological diseases like multiple sclerosis (MS), myasthenia gravis, morbus Behcet, neurosarcoidosis, neuroborreliosis or immune vasculitis. This phenomenon is best investigated in MS. The complex mechanisms underlying fatigue in MS are still poorly understood; alterations in immune system activation, central nervous system dysregulation, impaired nerve conduction, and neuroendocrine dysregulation have to be considered. These immune and neural mechanisms may cause the initial symptoms of fatigue; however, the fatigue symptom may be exacerbated by secondary overlapping factors (e. g. depressive mood, sleep disturbances, unhealthy life style) which are likely associated with the feeling of fatigue. Wessely conceptualised four components of fatigue: behaviour (effects of fatigue), feeling (subjective experience), mechanisms, and context (e. g. environment, attitudes). So far most examinations have dealt with the first or the second component of the multidimensional construct fatigue, either concentrating on the behavioural aspect in the physical or in the cognitive sphere or on the subjective aspect. The Rostock Fatigue Study investigated two of the components: objective performance and subjective fatigue estimation in the cognitive and in the physical sphere. MS patients showed a reversed relationship between below-average objective performance in the cognitive and in the physical sphere and high subjective feeling of tiredness when compared to healthy individuals. The clinical management of fatigue should include an assessment of the various factors that can cause fatigue as well as a step-wise treatment approach that encompasses nonpharmacological approaches and pharmacological interventions.     

联合应用尤瑞克林治疗缺血性脑卒中对患者执行功能的影响

目的观察尤瑞克林治疗对缺血性脑卒中患者后期执行功能的影响。方法 98例缺血性脑卒中患者随机分为治疗组与对照组,根据卒中治疗指南,两组均给予常规基础治疗,治疗组在此基础上联合尤瑞克林治疗,分别于治疗21d及3m后对两组患者采用蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)、简明智能状态量表(MMSE)、威斯康星卡片分类测验(WCST)进行神经心理学测验,评估执行功能。结果在21d测试中,治疗组仅在WCST中持续性错误数少于对照组(P<0.05),完成分类数多于对照组(P<0.05),但在3m后,治疗组MoCA总分高于对照组(P<0.01),治疗组MMSE成绩显著高于对照组(P<0.05),治疗组错误应答数明显减少(P<0.05),持续性错误数也明显减少(P<0.01),完成分类数增多(P<0.01)。与21d测验成绩相比,3m后第2次测验,治疗组成绩所有下降均不明显(P>0.05),而对照组MoCA总分及MMSE成绩显著下降(P<0.05),WCST持续性错误次数明显增多(P<0.01),完成分类数明显减少(P<0.01)。结论联合尤瑞克林治疗缺血性脑卒中可有效阻止患者视空间能力、认知灵活性、工作记忆等多项执行功能减退,预防血管性认知功能障碍的发生。