多焦视网膜电图在亚临床期糖尿病视网膜病变中的变化

目的:探讨多焦视网膜电图(multifocal electroretinogram,mf-ERG)的一阶(first order kernel,FOK)和二阶(second order kernel,SOK)反应在亚临床期糖尿病视网膜病变的变化.方法:回顾性分析,选取2014-06/2015-05确诊为2型糖尿病,但眼底无糖尿病视网膜病变患者32例58眼作为糖尿病组,进行多焦视网膜电图一阶反应、二阶反应检查,并与同期门诊检查的正常组对照.结果:与正常对照组相比,糖尿病组FOK总和反应b波潜伏期无明显延迟,而b波的振幅降低,差异有统计学意义(t=3.099,P=0.012).糖尿病组SOK总和反应b波的峰时延迟,差异有统计学意义(t=2.643,P=0.025),且b波的振幅降低,差异有统计学意义(t=4.833,P<0.01).糖尿病组a波在FOK和SOK中的振幅和潜伏期变化差异均无统计学意义.将b波振幅、潜伏期分别与糖尿病病程行相关性分析,结果显示b波振幅与病程呈负相关,而b波潜伏期与病程无相关性.结论:在亚临床期糖尿病视网膜病变中FOK、SOK均有变化,主要反映在b波的振幅变化.     

多焦视网膜电图在糖尿病视网膜病变不同病期诊断的应用

目的：评价多焦视网膜电图（ＭＥＲＧ）在糖尿病性视网膜病变（ＤＲ）不同期诊断的应用价值。方法：对２４名（３５眼）正常人及６３名（９６眼）糖尿病患者分别进行眼科常规检查、眼压测定、眼底荧光血管造影（ＦＦＡ）、Ｏｃｔｏｐｕｓ视野及ＭＥＲＧ检测,并对ＭＥＲＧ与视野进行相关性分析,对比ＭＥＲＧ与其他视网膜功能检查方法的异常检出率。结果：ＭＥＲＧ总反应波的Ｐ１波反应密度在临床未见ＤＲ（ＮＤＲ）的糖尿病患者低于     

糖尿病视网膜病变患眼的多焦视网膜电图定量分析

糖尿病视网膜病变 (ｄｉａｂｅｔｉｃｒｅｔｉｎｏｐａｔｈｙ ,ＤＲ)的全视野视网膜电图 (ｅｌｅｃｔｒｏｒｅｔｉｎｏｇｒａｍ ,ＥＲＧ)改变已有不少研究 ,但由于传统的视网膜电图仅能记录视网膜的整体反应 ,而无法分辨各局部视网膜的电位反应 ,因此在ＤＲ的研究和临床应用中均存在着局限性。近来 ,Ｓｕｔｔｅｒ等[1] 发明了一种多焦视网膜电图 (ｍｕｌｔｉｆｏ ｃａｌｅｌｅｃｔｒｏｒｅｔｉｎｏｇｒａｍ ,ＭＥＲＧ)技术 ,在相对较短的时间测量整个测试野内许多细小部位的ＥＲＧ ,其一阶反应可反映视网膜内层的功能[2 ] 。我们对 30例增生…     

多焦视网膜电图在糖尿病视网膜病变中的应用进展

糖尿病视网膜病变(diabetic retinopathy,DR)是糖尿病引起的眼科常见并发症之一,严重者常致盲。多焦视网膜电图(mf-ERG)技术可以在短时间内准确、客观、定量的检测视网膜各区域功能,对糖尿病视网膜病变不同阶段视功能的监测和疗效评估有重要作用,在DR预测模型构建中也具有重要价值。本文围绕mf-ERG技术在DR中的应用进展作一综述。     

眼底无可见视网膜病变的糖尿病患者多焦视网膜电图特征

目的 检测眼底无视网膜病变糖尿病患者的多焦视网膜电图(multifocol electmretinogram, mf-ERG),评价其在糖尿病患者早期视网膜功能改变中的作用.方法 应用mf-ERG检测30例(56只眼)正常对照组和32名(58只眼)无眼底镜下可查见的视网膜病变的糖尿病患者.对两组mf-ERG中a波和b波的潜伏期、振幅总和以及b波的振幅密度进行分析比较.结果 在糖尿病组,除0环和颞下象限之外.b波的潜伏期均明显延迟,而a波和b波振幅总和及b波的振幅密度减低主要集中在黄斑周围区域(0～1环)和颞上象限,差别有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 mf-ERG能在DR出现之前客观定量地评定视网膜功能的变化程度和范围.     

糖尿病视网膜病变黄斑区的光学相干断层扫描及多焦视网膜电图图像特征

为了解糖尿病视网膜病变黄斑区的组织结构的改变及其相应的视网膜功能变化的关系。我们应用了光学相干断层扫描（ｏｐｔｉｃａｌ ｃｏｈｅｒｅｎｃｅ ｔｏｍｏｇｒａｐｈｙ,ＯＣＴ）及多焦视网膜电图（ｍｕｌｔｉｆｏｃａｌ ｅｌｅｃｔｒｏｒｅｔｉｎｏｇｒａｐｈｙ,ｍ－ＥＲＧ）检测了Ⅲ～Ⅳ期糖尿病视风膜病变患者３８例６０眼,结果显示ＯＣＴ图像特征大致可分五种形态,ｍ－ＥＲＧ反应密度图形可以反映出黄斑的视网膜功能并与黄斑区的组织形态的改变有较密切的关系。ＯＣＴ及ｍ－ＥＲＧ的应用为糖尿病视网膜病变患者黄斑病变的组织形态和视网膜功能的评价及随访提供可靠的检测手段。     

糖尿病患者早期或无糖尿病视网膜病变眼的多焦视网膜电图和短波长自动视野计检测

目的：在早期或无视网膜病变糖尿病眼中比较用多焦视网膜电图（mfERG）和短波长自动视野计（SWAP）测得病变的程度和部位。方法：22例早期视网膜病变和18例没有视网膜病变的糖尿病患者中每人测一只眼的mfERG和SWAP。mfERG的固有时限基于SWAP刺激区域设置，并与30位年龄相仿的对照个体正常值相比较。SWAP全阈值变量用基于年龄的对照数据分析，这些数据从255健康个体中得来。两种测量方法的z值被提出用于比较。     

黄斑病变患者多焦视网膜电图的变化

目的:观察黄斑病变多焦视网膜电图穴mERG雪特点,探讨mERG在黄斑功能测定中的有效性。方法:应用德国罗兰视觉诱发反应成像系统,对黄斑病变71 眼与正常人48眼进行mERG测定,记录103个视网膜部位的一阶反应(first orderkernel,FOK)比较分析视网膜后极部不同区域a波和b波的平均反应密度值和潜伏期,并观察其三维图的改变。结果:黄斑病变患者1～3环a、b波平均反应密度下降,与正常值比较有显著差异。5、6环平均反应密度下降,无显著差异。1～6环a、b波平均潜伏期较正常组明显延长,三维图形上主要特征为中心凹及黄斑振幅明显降低,严重者反应呈平坦。结论:mERG能客观地对黄斑病变局部视网膜功能进行定量定位测定,是评价黄斑病变的一种有效客观检测手段,为疾病诊断和治疗效果客观的测定提供了一种有效方法。     

亚临床期糖尿病视网膜病变的多焦视网膜电流图

多焦视网膜电流图(multifocalelectroretinogram,mERG或mfERG)是一种新兴的眼科检查手段,通过使用特殊m-序列刺激手段短时间内提取局部ERG信号,客观、定量地反映视网膜功能。糖尿病引起的眼部并发症是糖尿病患者致盲的一个主要原因,能够在亚临床期早期诊断糖尿病视网膜疾病(diabeticretinopathy,DR),对于预防和治疗DR有着重要的意义。mERG能够客观地检测DR,应用于研究和临床,评估那些预防和治疗DR方法的效果。     

Multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG) in patients with diabetes mellitus and an enlarged foveal avascular zone (FAZ)

Purpose To assess the relationship between foveal microcirculation and central retinal function in diabetic patients having both an enlarged foveal avascular zone (FAZ) and a preserved visual acuity (0.6 or better). Methods Twenty-five patients with diabetes type 1 or 2 with an enlarged FAZ (largest diameter > 650 μm) measured in fluorescein angiograms were examined with multifocal ERG (mfERG). The largest FAZ diameter, the FAZ area as well as the adjacent perifoveal intercapillary area (PIA), was calculated from the fluorescein angiogram. The retinopathy level was mild to preproliferative. There was no macular edema and no eye had previously been treated with photocoagulation. Results The mean FAZ diameter was 0.92 ± 0.17 mm and the mean summed area (FAZ and PIA) was 0.74 ± 0.24 mm². There was a significant correlation between increasing FAZ diameter and increasing implicit time of the innermost concentric rings and of the third concentric ring in the first order kernel of the mfERG (P = 0.03 and P = 0.008, respectively). An increasing summed area (FAZ and PIA) was correlated to increasing implicit time in the same areas of the mfERG (P = 0.005 and P = 0.026, respectively). No correlation was seen between the ischemic areas and the mfERG amplitudes. Conclusion A correlation between the ischemic areas and prolonged implicit time in the mfERG indicates that alterations in neuronal macular function due to ischemia might precede the deterioration of visual acuity.     

亚临床期糖尿病视网膜病变的 mfERG 及危险因素的临床观察

目的（1）应用多焦视网膜电图（mfERG）的一阶反应研究亚临床期糖尿病视网膜病变（DR）患者与正常人的视网膜功能,分析两组之间的差异。（2）探讨糖化血红蛋白、血脂及糖尿病病程与mfERG异常变化之间的关系,筛选出亚临床期DR患者的相关危险因素。方法选择已确诊为2型糖尿病的患者40例（75只眼）为实验组,健康体检者20例（36只眼）作为对照组。所有受检者均行多焦视网膜电图检查并且对40WGQJ2型糖尿病患者行糖化血红蛋白、血脂等相关指标检测,对结果进行统计学分析。结果（1）亚临床期DR患者P1波的振幅表现为环1到环5明显降低,P1波的潜伏期表现为环3到环5显著延迟。（2）亚临床期DR患者的N1波振幅表现为环3及环4振幅降低,N1波潜伏期表现为环5显著延迟。（3）糖化血红蛋白、总胆固醇与亚临床期DR患者mfERG振幅的降低相关。结论（1）mfERG在亚临床期DR中表现为振幅降低及潜伏期延长,mfERG能在早期客观的评价视网膜的功能。（2）mfERG P1波振幅的降低与糖化血红蛋白、总胆固醇相关,故亚临床期DR 患者糖化血红蛋白、血脂的控制,对于预防及延缓DR的发生发展有重要作用。     

糖尿病患者的視網膜電圖分析

目的分析糖尿病患者F-ERG振幅、峰潜時、OPS總和振幅及其舆病程的相關性,以加深對DR的認識.方法采用美國UATA-2000型視覺電生理儀對53例糖尿病患者進行F-ERG檢查,主要分析其a、b波峰潜時、振幅,0PS總和振幅.結果隨着DR病情的加重,ERG及0PS無波的情况所占比例增大.a波峰潜時BDR組和正常組比較有極顯著性差异(P<0.01),BDR組和DM無DR組比較有顯著性差异(P<0.05);a波振幅正常對照組與其它各組比較均有極顯著性差异(P<0.01).b波振幅正常對照組與BDR、PDR間以及DM無DR組舆BDR、PDR組間均有極顯著性差异(P<0.01).0PS總和振幅除了BDR與PDR間外其它各組比較均有極顯著性差异(P<0.01).各指標舆病程之間均無明顯相關關系(經檢驗所有P>0.05).結論 0PS、ERG之a、b波振幅,尤其是b波振幅,可以作爲早期診斷DR患者以及估計預後的敏感指標,良好的血糖控制,可以延緩DM的病情發展.     

Tilted disc syndrome: an OCT and mfERG study

Purpose To evaluate retinal thickness and function in eyes with tilted disc syndrome with optical coherence tomography (OCT) and multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG). Methods Twenty-one eyes of 12 patients (4 males and 8 females) with tilted disc were studied with OCT3 and mfERG and compared with 40 eyes of 20 age and sex-matched control subjects. The thickness of the fovea and the thickness of retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) along a 3.4-mm-diameter circle centred on the optic nerve head were evaluated using OCT3. The macular cone function was tested by mfERG. Results The OCT-derived RNFL thickness was significantly decreased in the superior area of eyes with tilted disc with a mean value equal to 106.47 μm (SD 24.1). The mean response amplitude density of the fovea (11.75 nV/deg2) and parafovea (8.22 nV/deg2) was significantly lower in eyes with tilted disc than in normal eyes. Conclusion OCT and mfERG can be objective tools for assessing anatomical and functional damage of the macula. Our results suggest that in tilted disc syndrome even without visual impairment the optic nerve and the macula show dysfunction not visible by other means.     

全视网膜光凝联合葛芪复明Ⅲ号治疗糖尿病性视网膜病变的临床观察

目的 通过比较全视网膜光凝联合葛芪复明Ⅲ号和单纯全视网膜光凝治疗糖尿病性视网膜病变的临床疗效,弥补单纯激光治疗的不足,寻找治疗糖尿病性视网膜病变的有效方法 .方法 临床采集2型糖尿病并发Ⅲ、Ⅳ期眼底改变的糖尿病性视网膜病变患者35例67只眼,随机分为观察组18例(34只眼),观察组行全视网膜光凝联合葛芪复明Ⅲ号治疗;对照组17例(33只眼),对照组单纯行全视网膜光凝;两组均由同一高年资医师行全视网膜光凝术.观察3个月,治疗前后对所有患者进行视力.视觉电生理,眼底荧光血管造影检查.结果 治疗后,观察组总有效率为79.41%,对照组总有效率为60.61%.两组均有较好疗效,但治疗后观察组与对照组总有效率比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),观察组明显优于对照组.结论 全视网膜光凝联合葛芪复明Ⅲ号组治疗效果明显优于单纯全视网膜光凝组.     

Reproducibility of the mfERG between instruments

Purpose First, to examine both the reproducibility of the multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG) recorded on different versions of the same instrument, and the repeatability of the mfERG recorded on a single instrument using two different amplifiers. Second, to demonstrate a means by which multicenter and longitudinal studies that use more than one recording instrument can compare and combine data effectively. Methods Three different amplifiers and two mfERG setups, one using VERIS™ 4.3 software (mfERG1) and another using VERIS™ Pro 5.2 software (mfERG2), were evaluated. A total of 73 subjects with normal vision were tested in three groups. Group 1 (n = 42) was recorded using two amplifiers in parallel on mfERG1. Group 2 (n = 52) was recorded on mfERG2 using a single amplifier. Group 3 was a subgroup of 21 subjects from groups 1 and 2 that were tested sequentially on both instruments. A fourth group of 26 subjects with diabetes were also recorded using the two parallel amplifiers on mfERG1. P1 implicit times and N1-P1 amplitudes of the 103 local first order mfERGs were measured, and the differences between the instruments and amplifiers were evaluated as raw scores and Z-scores based on normative data. Measurements of individual responses and measurements averaged over the 103 responses were analyzed. Results Simultaneous recordings made on mfERG1 with the two different amplifiers showed differences in implicit times but similar amplitudes. There was a mean implicit time difference of 2.5 ms between the amplifiers but conversion to Z-scores improved their agreement. Recordings made on different days with the two instruments produced similar but more variable results, with amplitudes differing between them more than implicit times. For local response implicit times, the 95% confidence interval of the difference between instruments was approximately ±1 Z-score (±0.9 ms) in either direction. For local response amplitude, it was approximately ±1.6 Z-scores (±0.3 μV). Conclusions Different amplifiers can yield quite different mfERG P1 implicit times, even with identical band-pass settings. However, the reproducibility of mfERG Z-scores across recording instrumentation is relatively high. Comparison of data across systems and laboratories, necessary for multicenter or longitudinal investigations, is facilitated if raw data are converted into Z-scores based on normative data.     

多点扫描矩阵激光与氪黄激光治疗糖尿病性视网膜病变的对比研究

目的 应用光学相干断层扫描(optical coherence tomography,OCT)联合多焦视网膜电图(multifocal electroretinogram,mfERG)观察多点扫描矩阵激光全视网膜光凝治疗重度非增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变(severe non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy,severe NPDR)及增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变(proliferative diabetic retinopathy,PDR)后激光对视网膜组织结构及视网膜功能的影响.方法 临床病例对照研究.对2010年4～11月在天津市眼科医院就诊的53例(64只眼)DR患者随机分为多点扫描矩阵激光(实验组);传统多波长氪黄激光组(对照组).随访时间3个月,光凝前进行最佳矫正视力(the best corrected visual acuity,BCVA)、裂隙灯生物显微镜、眼底、眼底荧光血管造影(fudus fluorescein angiography,FFA)、OCT及mfERG检查,术后1周、1月、3月进行BCVA、OCT及mfERG检查.比较两组异同.结果 激光术后两组黄斑中心凹厚度均出现明显增加,但两组差异无统计学意义(F值=20.722和23.752,P＞0.05).两组P1波、N1波振幅密度均出现不同程度下降,术后1周下降最显著,术后1～3月逐渐恢复,术后对照组各波振幅密度下降幅度较实验组明显且恢复速度慢.结论 本研究证实多点扫描矩阵激光与氪黄激光在治疗糖尿病视网膜病变上疗效相同,并对视网膜功能损伤较小.     

Vitamin A Deficiency Modifies the mfERG: A Case Study of Rod Influence on the mfERG

We report an observational case study which showed that the rod pathway may have a significant effect on the multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG). A 68-year-old lady diagnosed with Vitamin A deficiency underwent standard ERG and mfERG. ERG rod and cone function were analysed and the first order mfERG responses were determined. At presentation, there was no demonstrable rod function on ERG testing and normal cone function. mfERG P1 amplitude responses were normal but mfERG P1 latency responses were significantly delayed. Four weeks after initiating treatment with intramuscular Vitamin A, ERG rod function significantly improved. However, cone amplitude was reduced and the 30 Hz flicker latencies decreased. Furthermore, mfERG P1 latency returned to normal and interestingly mfERG P1 amplitude responses showed a significant reduction. These results alter our understanding of the mfERG response by indicating that there is a possible inhibitory influence on mfERG responses from rod pathway systems.     

A Study of the Association Between Retinal Vessel Geometry and Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Metrics in Diabetic Retinopathy

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to investigate whether optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) metrics are related to retinal vessel geometry parameters in diabetic retinopathy (DR).MethodsIn total, 119 eyes (119 patients) were included in this retrospective cross-sectional study. Retinal vessel geometry parameters were analyzed using semi-automated software. OCTA metrics were analyzed using automated manufacturer-provided algorithms. Associations between the severity of DR and retinal vessel geometry parameters and OCTA metrics were evaluated. Multivariable regression analyses were performed to evaluate associations between retinal vessel geometry parameters and OCTA metrics after adjusting for clinical characteristics and DR severity.ResultsDR severity was negatively associated with the following: arteriole–venular ratio (P = 0.039), arteriolar network fractal dimension (FDa; P = 0.003), arteriolar junctional exponent deviation (P = 0.037), venular junctional exponent deviation (P = 0.036), vessel area density (VAD) of the superficial capillary plexus (SCP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP; P < 0.001, both), vessel length density (VLD) of the SCP and DCP (P < 0.001, both), and foveal avascular zone (FAZ) circularity (P < 0.001). DR severity was positively associated with the central retinal venular equivalent caliber (P = 0.005), arteriolar branching coefficient (BCa; P = 0.010), venular branching coefficient (P = 0.007), and FAZ size (P = 0.002). In multivariable regression analyses, the following retinal vessel geometry parameters and OCTA metrics were associated: FDa with VAD of the SCP (β = 0.40, P < 0.001), FDa with VLD of the SCP (β = 0.01, P < 0.001), and BCa with FAZ circularity (β = −1.02, P = 0.001).ConclusionsIn DR, changes in retinal arteriolar geometry parameters were significantly associated with OCTA metrics, which reflect DR pathophysiology.