无视网膜病变的糖尿病患者多焦视网膜电图的变化

目的通过采用多焦视网膜电图（mfERG）对正常对照组、尚未出现视网膜病变的糖尿病患者进行检测，了解mfERG发现糖尿病早期视功能变化的能力。方法采用mfERG进行视功能检测，所有受检者分为33例（33只眼）正常对照组以及63例（63只眼）糖尿病组，其中糖尿病组患者均无视网膜病变。对2组mfERG中N1波与P1波的反应密度与潜伏期进行比较。结果mfERG在糖尿病视网膜病变发生前已有异常，主要表现为环1、环2的P1波反应密度以及环1-环3与环5的N1波反应密度降低。结论mfERG能够在糖尿病视网膜病变出现之前，客观定量地发现早期视功能的变化程度与范围。     

多焦视网膜电图检测糖尿病早期视功能的变化

目的：了解多焦视网膜电图（mfERG）在糖尿病患早期视功能的变化规律。方法：将所有被检分为正常对照组（33例）、糖尿病无视网膜病变组（63例）以及单纯期糖尿病视网膜病变组（43例）。采用mfERG对上述3组进行检测,比较3组mfERG一阶反应N1波与P1波的潜伏期与反应密度。结果：在糖尿病无视网膜病变组中,N1波与P1波反应密度低于正常对照组,异常范围位于环1一环3。其中P。波反应密度在单纯期糖尿病视网膜病变组中进一步降低。N1波与P1波的潜伏期在糖尿病无视网膜病变组中的变化无统计学意义,在糖尿病视网膜病变组中延长,异常范围扩大到环4与环5。结论：mfERG在糖尿病视网膜病变出现之前已发生异常变化,且能够定量地反映随着病情的进展,视功能的损害程度及范围。     

无黄斑水肿的NPDR患者中心凹区mfERG与视网膜厚度的研究

目的：分析非增生性糖尿病视网膜病变(nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy,NPDR)无黄斑水肿的患者黄斑中心凹区视网膜功能及厚度间的关系。

方法：选取NPDR患者20例35眼患眼为糖尿病视网膜病变(diabetic retinopathy,DR)组,行多焦视网膜电图(multifocal electronic retinography, mfERG)及Spectralis 相干断层扫描(Spectralis optical coherence tomography,Spectralis OCT)检查。以15例20眼正常眼为OCT对照组,以19例20眼正常眼为mfERG对照组,OCT对照组做Spectralis OCT检查,mfERG对照组做mfERG检查。

结果：与对照组相比,DR组黄斑中心凹mfERG1环的P1波反应密度减小,P1波及N1波隐含期改变无统计学意义; DR组无水肿的黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度、神经上皮层厚度仍有显著增加。

结论：应用mfERG可以在视网膜无可见明显结构改变之前发现视网膜功能上的异常变化; Spectralis OCT可以测量视网膜各层厚度,反映视网膜精细结构变化,验证视网膜功能上的异常改变,二者联合应用为极早期发现糖尿病视网膜病变视功能改变提供有效的证据,并为及时治疗提供资料。     

糖尿病视网膜病变黄斑区视网膜厚度与mERG的观察研究

目的探讨糖尿病视网膜病变(DR)黄斑区视网膜厚度与多焦视网膜电图(mERG)的变化及相互关系。方法采用视网膜厚度分析仪(RTA)对34例(68眼)糖尿病患者及mERG对23例(45眼)糖尿病患者进行检测。结果从无视网膜病变的糖尿病(NDR)患者到Ⅰ期、Ⅲ期DR患者的黄斑区视网膜厚度呈增加趋势,Ⅲ期DR患者的黄斑区各部位视网膜厚度均较正常对照组增加,经统计学分析差异有显著性意义(P<0.01或0.05);且与视力呈显著负相关(P<0.05)。Ⅰ期DR患者的P1波及N2波反应密度较NDR患者减少(P<0.01或0.05),Ⅲ期DR患者的N1波、P1波、N2波潜伏期分别较NDR患者或Ⅰ期DR患者延长,各波反应密度分别较NDR或Ⅰ期DR患者减少(P<0.01或0.05)。中心凹区视网膜平均厚度与P1波潜伏期及反应密度呈显著相关(P<0.05);黄斑区及旁中心凹区的视网膜平均厚度与N2波反应密度及潜伏期呈显著相关(P<0.01或0.05)。结论当黄斑区视网膜厚度增加时,相应的视网膜功能出现损害,RTA结合mERG的检查,可更加全面地反映DR患者黄斑区视网膜的变化。     

多焦视网膜电图及彩色多普勒在糖尿病视网膜病变早期诊断中的应用比较

目的 比较多焦视网膜电图（mfERG）与彩色多普勒在糖尿病视网膜病变（DR）早期诊断中的应用.方法 采用横断面研究,运用mfERLG检测正常对照组22例（22眼）、糖尿病无DR组52例（52眼）及DR单纯期组32例（32眼）.在上述患者中运用彩色多普勒测量视网膜中央动脉（CRA）的血流.采用单因素方差分析方法以及S-N-K法进行统计学分析.结果 糖尿病患者中,无DR组mfERG环1至环3中P1波反应密度低于正常对照组（P＜0.05）;CRA的血流则无异常变化（P＞0.05）.在DR单纯期组,mfERG除上述指标异常以外,Pt波潜伏期也出现延长（P＜0.05）.CRA的流速比正常对照组及无DR组降低（P＜0.05）.结论 在DR的临床早期诊断中,mfERG比彩色多普勒检测CRA血流的方法更敏感.     

不伴明显视力下降的糖尿病视网膜病变患者黄斑部形态和功能检测

目的:探讨不伴明显视力下降的糖尿病视网膜病变(Diabetic retinopathy,DR)患者黄斑部形态和功能的改变.方法:对DR 0期组(未发现DR改变)、Ⅰ～Ⅱ期组及Ⅲ～Ⅳ期组患者进行光学相干断层扫描(Optical coherence tomography,OCT)及多焦视网膜电图(Multifocal electroreti-nography,mfERG)检查,并与同年龄组正常人相比较.结果:OCT检查确定DR Ⅰ～Ⅱ期组有3眼(10.0%)及DRⅢ～Ⅳ期组有6眼(23.1%)存在黄斑水肿.DRⅢ～Ⅳ期组各方位神经上皮层厚度比相应方位的正常组及DR 0期组增加(P＜0.05).同正常对照组相比,mfERG检查发现DR0期组、DR Ⅰ～Ⅱ期、DR Ⅲ～Ⅳ期组P1、N1波振幅下降,反应密度下降,差异有显著性(P＜0.05);但P1、N1波潜伏期未见延迟(P＞0.05).同DR Ⅰ～Ⅱ期组相比,DRⅢ～Ⅳ期组P1波及N1波潜伏期轻度延长、振幅下降、平均反应密度降低(P＜0.05).结论:视力无明显下降的DR患者中,随病情的加重,无论形态和功能上均已有异常,功能异常早于形态异常.     

重度非增生性与增生性糖尿病视网膜病变多焦视网膜电图一阶函数核的特征分析

目的对比并分析糖尿病视网膜病变(diabetic reti-nopathy,DR)重度非增生期及增生期的多焦视网膜电图(mul-tifocal electroretinogram,mERG)一阶函数核的变化特征。方法选取DR患者46例72眼分为2组:一组为重度非增生性糖尿病视网膜病变(non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy,NPDR)患者23例38眼,另一组为增生性糖尿病视网膜病变(proliferative diabetic retinopathy,PDR)患者23例34眼。设立对照组为正常健康人23例34眼。采用罗兰的多焦视觉电生理检查仪进行mERG一阶函数核反应检查,提取数据后分析比较2组患者mERG1~5环的N1波、P1波的振幅密度值及峰时值。结果PDR组的N1波和P1波的振幅密度值比NPDR组下降,第1环的差异均有显著统计学意义,2~5环N1波的差异无统计学意义,P1波的差异有统计学意义;PDR组的N1波和P1波的潜伏期比NPDR组延迟,2种波形第1环的差异均无统计学意义,2~5环的差异有统计学意义(N1波4环除外)。结论DR从非增生期进入增生期,mERG一阶函数的N1和P1波在黄斑中心凹区振幅密度值下降明显,而在黄斑区外视网膜则以潜伏期的延长为明显。N1和P1波的振幅密度值对反映视细胞功能更为敏感,而潜伏期则可能与视网膜缺血的关系相对密切。     

亚临床期糖尿病视网膜病变的 mfERG 及危险因素的临床观察

目的（1）应用多焦视网膜电图（mfERG）的一阶反应研究亚临床期糖尿病视网膜病变（DR）患者与正常人的视网膜功能,分析两组之间的差异。（2）探讨糖化血红蛋白、血脂及糖尿病病程与mfERG异常变化之间的关系,筛选出亚临床期DR患者的相关危险因素。方法选择已确诊为2型糖尿病的患者40例（75只眼）为实验组,健康体检者20例（36只眼）作为对照组。所有受检者均行多焦视网膜电图检查并且对40WGQJ2型糖尿病患者行糖化血红蛋白、血脂等相关指标检测,对结果进行统计学分析。结果（1）亚临床期DR患者P1波的振幅表现为环1到环5明显降低,P1波的潜伏期表现为环3到环5显著延迟。（2）亚临床期DR患者的N1波振幅表现为环3及环4振幅降低,N1波潜伏期表现为环5显著延迟。（3）糖化血红蛋白、总胆固醇与亚临床期DR患者mfERG振幅的降低相关。结论（1）mfERG在亚临床期DR中表现为振幅降低及潜伏期延长,mfERG能在早期客观的评价视网膜的功能。（2）mfERG P1波振幅的降低与糖化血红蛋白、总胆固醇相关,故亚临床期DR 患者糖化血红蛋白、血脂的控制,对于预防及延缓DR的发生发展有重要作用。     

结晶样视网膜变性的多焦视网膜电图改变

目的 测试并比较正常人和结晶样视网膜变性患者的多焦视网膜电图（multifocal electroretinogram,mfERG）.方法 应用美国EDI公司生产的VERIS Science 4.0视诱发反应图像系统对正常人13例（13眼）和结晶样视网膜变性患者6例（12眼）进行检测,并将结晶样视网膜变性患者6个环形视网膜区域的N1、P1波的潜伏期和平均反应密度值与正常对照组进行比较.结果 结晶样视网膜变性患者各环N1、P1波潜伏期均明显长于正常人而反应密度值均低于正常人.结论 结晶样视网膜变性患者的多焦视网膜电图有明显异常改变.     

无明显糖尿病视网膜病变的2型糖尿病患者多焦视网膜电图特征分析

目的 观察眼底无明显糖尿病视网膜病变(DR)的2型糖尿病患者的多焦视网膜电图特征.方法 经散瞳检查明确眼底无明显DR的2型糖尿病患者18例32只眼(病例组)纳入研究.其中,男性8例16只眼,女性10例16只眼;平均年龄(57.1±1.3)岁;平均糖尿病病程(10.2±0.3)年;矫正视力均≥1.0.选取同期健康体检者14例14只眼作为正常对照组.其中,男性8例8只眼,女性6例6只眼;平均年龄(53.0±5.6)岁;矫正视力均≥1.0.所有受检者均行多焦视网膜电图检查,观察1～5环N1、P1波的潜伏期和振幅密度,颞侧、鼻侧视网膜的N1、P1波潜伏期及振幅密度.结果 1、2、3环P1波潜伏期病例组分别为(48.47±2.33)、(31.19±15.53)、(15.67±5.73) ms,正常对照组分别为(40.48±3.26)、(35.88±3.64)、(38.92±3.67) ms;两组1、2、3环P1波潜伏期比较,差异有统计学意义(t=5.145、2.376、2.276,P＜0.05).颞侧视网膜P1波振幅密度病例组、正常对照组分别为(9.07±2.19)、(14.13±2.76) nV/deg2;两组颞侧视网膜P1波振幅密度比较,差异有统计学意义(t=-3.468,P＜0.05).结论 2型糖尿病患者在未出现明显DR之前P1波潜伏期即出现延长,颞侧视网膜P1波振幅密度下降.     

PFCL and ILM peeling in macular hole with retinal detachment

To investigate the early changes of retinal function in diabetic patients detected by multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG). ·METHODS: The first-order kernel responses of mfERG were recorded fromeyes of 33 normal control subjects, 63 diabetic patients without retinopathy and 43 diabetic patients with background retinopathy. The response densities and implicit times of N₁ and P₁ were compared among the control, diabetic patients without retinopathy and diabetic patients with retinopathy. ·RESULTS: The response densities of N1 and P1 in central 3 rings were reduced significantly in diabetic eyes with and without retinopathy. And the implicit times of N₁ and P₁ were delayed significantly only in diabetic eyes with retinopathy. ·CONCLUSION: mfERG can detect the early changes of retinal function quantitatively in diabetic patients. Analysis of response densities and implicit times of N₁ and P₁ can reflect the progress of local retinal dysfunction in diabetes     

Early changes of retinal function in diabetic patients detected by multifocal electroretinogram

To investigate the early changes of retinal function in diabetic patients detected by multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG). ·METHODS: The first-order kernel responses of mfERG were recorded fromeyes of 33 normal control subjects, 63 diabetic patients without retinopathy and 43 diabetic patients with background retinopathy. The response densities and implicit times of N₁ and P₁ were compared among the control, diabetic patients without retinopathy and diabetic patients with retinopathy. ·RESULTS: The response densities of N1 and P1 in central 3 rings were reduced significantly in diabetic eyes with and without retinopathy. And the implicit times of N₁ and P₁ were delayed significantly only in diabetic eyes with retinopathy. ·CONCLUSION: mfERG can detect the early changes of retinal function quantitatively in diabetic patients. Analysis of response densities and implicit times of N₁ and P₁ can reflect the progress of local retinal dysfunction in diabetes     

重度非增生型糖尿病视网膜病变mfERG的定量分析

目的研究重度非增生型糖尿病视网膜病变（NPDR）多焦视网膜电图（mfERG）的特征及临床意义。方法30例（40眼）重度NPDR患者为NPDR组和35例（35眼）正常人为对照组。以国际分期作为NPDR诊断纳入标准,mfERG记录过程遵循国际临床视觉电生理学会的标准化方案,每个受试者在接受检查前均取得知情同意。结果与对照组相比,NPDR组患者mfERG2～5环的P1波、N1波反应密度明显下降,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05～0.01）;mfERG第Ⅱ象限和第Ⅲ象限的P1波、N1波反应密度明显降低,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05～0.01）。NPDR患者mfERG3～5环P1波、N1波隐含时较对照组明显延长,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05～0.01）;第Ⅰ象限和第Ⅲ象限隐含时显著延迟,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05～0.01）。结论NPDR可导致视网膜黄斑区视功能的损伤,mfERG能够客观、定量地反映黄斑区功能损害的程度。     

Multifocal electroretinogram delays predict sites of subsequent diabetic retinopathy

PURPOSE: To examine the potential of abnormal mfERGs to predict the development of diabetic retinopathy at corresponding retinal locations 1 year later. METHODS: One eye of 11 diabetic patients with nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) and 11 diabetic patients without retinopathy were retested 12 months after initial testing. At each time, mfERGs were recorded from 103 retinal locations, and fundus photographs were taken within 1 month of each recording. Local mfERG implicit times were measured and their z-scores were calculated based on results obtained from 20 age-matched control subjects. mfERG abnormalities were defined as z-scores of 2 or more for implicit time and z-scores of -2 or less for amplitude (P < or = 0.023). mfERG z-scores were mapped onto fundus photographs, and the relationship between baseline abnormal z-scores and new retinopathy at follow-up was examined. RESULTS: New retinopathy developed in 7 of the eyes with NPDR after 1 year. In these eyes, 70% of the mfERGs in areas of new retinopathy had abnormal implicit times at baseline. In contrast, only 24% of the responses in regions that remained retinopathy free were abnormal at baseline. Relative risk of development of new retinopathy over 1 year in the areas with abnormal baseline mfERG implicit times was approximately 21 times greater than that in the areas with normal baseline mfERGs (odds ratio = 31.4; P < 0.001). Eyes without initial retinopathy did not develop new retinopathy within the study period, although 4 of these 11 eyes had abnormal implicit times at baseline. mfERG implicit times tended to be more delayed at follow-up than at baseline in NPDR eyes, but not in eyes without retinopathy and control eyes. mfERG amplitudes had no predictive power. CONCLUSIONS: Localized functional abnormalities of the retina reflected by mfERG delays often precede the onset of new structural signs of diabetic retinopathy. Those functional abnormalities predict the local sites of new retinopathy observed 1 year later.     

Multifocal electroretinogram responses in Nepalese diabetic patients without retinopathy

Purpose

To determine neuroretinal function with multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG) in diabetic subjects without retinopathy.

Methods

Multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG) was performed in 18 eyes of 18 diabetic subjects without retinopathy and 17 eyes of 17 age and gender-matched healthy control participants. Among 18 diabetic subjects, two had type 1 and 16 had type 2 diabetes. MfERG responses were averaged by the retinal areas of six concentric rings and four quadrants, and 103 retinal locations; N1–P1 amplitude and P1-implicit time were analysed.

Results

Average mfERG N1–P1 amplitude (in nv/deg²) of 103 retinal locations was 56.3 ± 17.2 (mean ± SD) in type 1 diabetic subjects, 47.2 ± 9.3 in type 2 diabetic subjects and 71.5 ± 12.7 in controls. Average P1-implicit time (in ms) was 43.0 ± 1.3 in type 1 diabetic subjects, 43.9 ± 2.3 in type 2 diabetic subjects and 41.9 ± 2.1 in controls. There was significant reduction in average N1–P1 amplitude and delay in P1-implicit time in type 2 diabetic subjects in comparison to controls. mfERG amplitude did not show any significant correlation with diabetes duration and blood sugar level. However, implicit time showed a positive correlation with diabetes duration in type 2 diabetic subjects with diabetes duration ≥5 years.

Conclusions

This is the first study in a Nepalese population with diabetes using multifocal electroretinography. We present novel findings that mfERG N1–P1 amplitude is markedly reduced along with delay in P1-implicit time in type 2 diabetic subjects without retinopathy. These findings indicate that there might be significant dysfunction of inner retina before the development of diabetic retinopathy in the study population, which have higher prevalence of diabetes than the global estimate and uncontrolled blood sugar level.     

OCT及mfERG在DR早期及非增殖期中的应用

目的：用光学相干断层扫描（optical coherence tomo-graphy,OCT）测定糖尿病视网膜病变早期（non-diabetes retinopathy,NDR）及非增殖期（non-proliferative diabetes retinopathy,NPDR）的视网膜形态学改变及用多焦视网膜电图（multifocal electroretinogram,mfERG）测定其视网膜电活动的改变,评价不同分期糖尿病视网膜病变（diabetic retinopathy,DR）的严重程度。 方法：选取50~70岁的老年人30例30眼作为正常组,已确诊为2型糖尿病患者50例50眼做为实验组。分别在标准状态下行OCT及mfERG检查,并对结果进行统计学分析。 结果：对于NPDR的患者,视网膜形态的变化：视网膜黄斑区大部分神经上皮层变厚,说明对于糖尿病这个危险因素,视网膜的功能在不断的下降,视网膜黄斑区神经上皮层在NDR中变化并不明显而在NPDR明显变厚,说明黄斑区形态在糖尿病早期变化并不大,随着糖尿病的病情加重,形态发生了很大变化。电生理学改变：mfERG的P1波随着病情的加重,其反应密度逐渐下降,在NDR就明显减低,而在NPDR,下降更为明显,说明在黄斑区,视网膜形态改变前,电活动已经减弱,在形态发生变化后,电活动的下降更为明显。 结论：OCT联合mfERG测定黄斑区域的形态改变及电活动改变,两种检查手段在疾病的早期观察、随访和进一步治疗的选择上具有很高的应用价值。