SCN2A基因突变致癫痫三例

目的探讨SCN2A基因不同位点突变致癫痫的临床特点。方法收集河北省儿童医院神经内科2019年1月-2019年12月收治的SCN2A基因突变阳性致癫痫患儿资料,并进行临床分析。结果共收集3例SCN2A基因突变阳性致癫痫患儿,突变类型均为杂合突变。例1患儿生后2d起病,发作形式为阵挛发作、局灶性发作,诊断为良性家族性新生儿婴儿癫痫;突变基因型c.2426AG(p.K809R),为家族遗传性突变,使用丙戊酸、托吡酯胶囊、苯巴比妥钠后发作控制。例2患儿生后30h起病,发作形式为局灶性发作,痉挛发作,诊断为婴儿游走性部分性癫痫,婴儿痉挛,发育性癫痫性脑病;突变基因型c.4391CT(p.T1464I),为自发突变,使用托吡酯及ACTH治疗后发作逐渐减停。例3患儿1岁3月龄起病,发作形式为强直发作,诊断为全面性癫痫伴热性惊厥附加征;突变基因型c.1711C T(p.R571C),遗传自父亲,未使用抗癫痫药物。结论本组病例提示SCN2A基因应作为婴幼儿期良性癫痫、癫痫性脑病、智力、运动发育落后、孤独症等疾病的候选筛查基因之一。     

CHD2基因突变致癫痫患者九例

目的 探讨CHD2基因突变致癫痫患儿临床表型及基因型特点。方法 分析2017年01月-2022年07月河北省儿童医院神经内科收治的CHD2基因突变相关性癫痫患儿。并查阅万方、中国知网(CNKI)、PubMed、Uptodate等数据库,结合相关文献进行总结。结果 本研究共收集9例CHD2基因突变阳性患儿,其中自发突变5例,母源性突变4例。9例患儿局灶性发作起病6例,全面性发作起病3例,1例患儿符合LGS诊断,1例患儿符合眼睑肌阵挛综合征诊断。7例患儿伴有轻到中度的发育障碍。9例患儿共发现8个基因突变位点,其中错义突变5个,移码突变3个,突变多集中在SNF2相关解旋酶/ATP酶结构域;其中7个突变位点尚未报道。7例患儿应用丙戊酸钠治疗有效。结论(1)CHD2基因突变多以局灶性发作起病,丙戊酸治疗有效;(2)自发突变起病更早,均伴有轻到中度的发育障碍;(3)CHD2基因致病性突变多集中在SNF2相关解旋酶/ATP酶结构域。     

阵发性运动障碍25例临床分析

目的总结阵发性运动障碍患者的诱发因素、临床特征以及治疗特点。方法收集阵发性运动障碍患者25例,均进行神经科常规检查以及视频脑电和核磁共振扫描,部分患者进行单光子发射计算机断层扫描,并对其诱发因素、发病年龄以及临床表现进行分析,观察对抗癫药物治疗的效果。结果25例患者中,散发14例,有家族史患者8例,继发性3例。其中阵发性运动源性舞蹈样徐动症/运动障碍共19例,对小剂量卡马西平治疗有显著效果。结论不同类型的阵发性运动障碍诱发因素不同,对卡马西平的治疗效果也不同;继发性阵发性运动障碍要重视原发病治疗。     

KCNT1基因突变相关难治性癫痫五例

目的 分析KCNT1基因突变患者的分子遗传学特征及临床特点。方法 分析广东三九脑科医院癫痫中心经全外显子二代测序发现的5例KCNT1基因阳性患者的临床资料,对KCNT1基因阳性患者的分子遗传学特征及临床特点进行分析总结。结果 所有5例KCNT1基因阳性癫痫患者均为错义突变,其中例2、例4、例5为新生突变,例1及例3为来源自母亲的杂合突变,其中例5新生突变患者(c.1038C>G p.F346L)合并有Y染色体异常,表现为超雄综合征(47,XYY)。5例患者中例1、例2及例3突变位点一致(c.1193G>A p.R398Q),但其中例1及例2临床表型为常染色体显性遗传夜间额叶癫痫(ADNFLE),例3为婴儿癫痫伴游走性局灶性发作(EIMFS),且3例突变位点一致的患者中例1及例2合并有自闭症。5例患者中例1患者的母亲及外婆有癫痫病史,其余4例无癫痫家族史。所有患者均有精神运动发育迟缓。5例患者的癫痫起病年龄为生后1月龄～36月龄,其中例1、例2及例4临床表型为ANDFLE、例3及例5临床表型为EIMFS。5例患者均使用2种以上抗癫痫药物,其中例2及例3添加生酮饮食治疗,例2及...     

DNM1基因变异致早发性婴儿癫痫性脑病31型三例并文献复习

目的探讨DNM1基因变异导致早发性婴儿癫痫性脑病的临床、基因和预后特征。方法三例经基因检测证实为DNM1基因新发变异的患儿,回顾性分析其临床和基因表型以及预后,并在国内外数据库以“Dynamin-1”或“DNM1”检索相应文献,利用单因素方差方法分析临床和癫痫发作表型、抗癫痫药物疗效与基因变异位点结构域相关性。结果女1例,男2例;癫痫发病年龄2~17月龄,癫痫发作表型:2例为癫痫性痉挛发作,1例为局灶性一侧肢体阵挛或继发强直阵挛发作。基因检测结果显示3例患儿DNM1基因存在新发错义变异,2例为NM_004408.4:c.415 G>A(P.Gly 139Arg),1例为NM_004408.4:c.545 C>A(P.Ala 182Asp),随访至2~3岁时,均为肌张力低下、严重智力障碍、无行走能力和主动语言、耐药性癫痫、不能自主进食和不会咀嚼固体食物。经文献检索,至今国内外报道DNM1基因相关脑病36例,包括本组病例共计39例,肌张力低下与基因变异位点区域无关,GTPase酶结构域和中间区域变异存在严重或显著智力发育障碍。对31例诊断癫痫并且临床资料完整患儿进一步分析发现,癫痫性痉挛发作是常见的癫痫发作形式,变异位点位于GTPase酶结构域和中间区域的两组病例,失神发作在GTPase酶结构域更常见(P=0.02),而在性别、起病年龄、其他癫痫发作形式和药物治疗反应上均无统计学差异。结论肌张力低下、严重智力和运动障碍及早发型癫痫是DNM1相关脑病的主要表现,癫痫性痉挛发作是最常见的发作形式,除失神发作外,GTPase酶结构域和中间区域变异的临床和癫痫表型无明显区别,本组病例尚合并进食障碍。     

不同类型KCNQ2基因突变所致癫痫五例临床分析

目的探讨KCNQ2基因突变不同基因型与癫痫患儿临床表型之间的关系。方法分析2017年10月-2018年10月河北省儿童医院神经内科收治的5例KCNQ2基因突变相关性癫痫患儿,并查阅万方、中国知网(CNKI)、PubMed、Uptodate等数据库,结合相关文献进行总结。结果本研究共收集5例KCNQ2基因突变阳性患儿,其中自发突变3例:含错义突变2例,截短突变1例;家系遗传2例;错义突变、无义突变各1例。3例自发突变临床表型均为癫痫性脑病,家系遗传中1例为良性家族性新生儿癫痫。家系1同一位点突变呈现3种不同表型。结论①KCNQ2基因突变不仅可以引起良性家族性新生儿癫痫(BFNE),还可引起多种癫痫性脑病;②自发突变更可能导致癫痫性脑病;③同一家系携带同一基因突变位点成员也可能有不同表型。     

发作性运动诱发性运动障碍合并癫痫一家系报告

发作性运动诱发性运动障碍(paroxysmal kinesignic dyskinesia，PKD)具某些特点，但目前一般认为它不是癫痫。我们发现了一个PKD合并癫痫的家系，二者的关系值得进一步探讨，现报道如下。     

盐酸帕罗西汀致癫痫1例报告

患者,男,18岁,未婚,既往元脑外伤、高热、抽搐、昏迷史,无癫痫家族史。半年前无原因出现不可控制的怕脏、反复洗手,开门用脚或用纸垫着手开,诊断为强迫症,予帕罗西汀治疗。起始剂量20mg/日,2周后增至40mg/日,强迫症状逐渐消失。2个月后无原因突然出现四肢抽搐、口吐白沫、口唇紫绀、呼之不应、推之不醒,但无大、小便失禁情况,3分钟后自行缓解,醒后     

五例ADGRV1基因突变癫痫的临床特点与突变分析

目的 旨在分析ADGRV1基因突变癫痫的临床和遗传学特征.方法 回顾性分析2018年1月-2018年12月济宁医学院附属医院诊断为癫痫并进行相关基因测序的患者26例,筛选出5例ADGRV1突变的癫痫患者,总结其临床特征及基因突变特征.结果 共收集5例ADGRV1突变的癫痫患者,其中男1例、女4例,平均年龄(7±5.83...     

Speech-induced aphasic seizures in epilepsy caused by LGI1 mutation

Summary:  Purpose: Patients with autosomal dominant lateral temporal lobe epilepsy (ADTLE) may have seizures precipitated by sound or speech. We have examined a patient with speech-induced seizures caused by an LGI1 mutation (C46R).
Methods: A clinical study and a video-EEG recording using interrogative speech as the activation procedure was performed in a 23-year-old man.
Results: He had experienced short episodes of sensory aphasia in situations in which he was suddenly verbally addressed. Voices became distorted, and he could not comprehend despite hearing words. The day after a late party, his girlfriend unexpectedly spoke to him. Her speech became unintelligible to him. He did not reply and had a generalized tonic–clonic (GTC) seizure. During an EEG, he was suddenly asked for the names of his siblings. He answered, but lost understanding of the further conversation and described how syllables floated together with an echoing character. With a versive movement to the right, another GTC occurred. In the EEG, rhythmic 6-Hz activity built up in the frontotemporal areas starting on the left side with bilateral and posterior spreading. Postictal slowing was symmetrical, and no aphasia was noted on awakening.
Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first video-EEG recorded seizure in LGI1 -caused ADTLE. This peculiar seizure semiology and precipitating effect of speech may serve as a marker for identifying further individuals with this particular phenotype and genotype and may indicate that the LGI1 gene may have a physiologic function connected to the human capacity for speech and language.     

Nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy caused by a mutation in the GATOR1 complex gene NPRL3

Mutations in NPRL3, one of three genes that encode proteins of the mTORC1‐regulating GATOR1 complex, have recently been reported to cause cortical dysplasia with focal epilepsy. We have now analyzed a multiplex epilepsy family by whole exome sequencing and identified a frameshift mutation (NM_001077350.2; c.1522delG; p.E508Rfs*46) within exon 13 of NPRL3. This truncating mutation causes an epilepsy phenotype characterized by early childhood onset of mainly nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy. The penetrance in our family was low (three affected out of six mutation carriers), compared to families with either ion channel‐ or DEPDC5‐associated familial nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy. The absence of apparent structural brain abnormalities suggests that mutations in NPRL3 are not necessarily associated with focal cortical dysplasia but might be able to cause epilepsy by different, yet unknown pathomechanisms.     

ND3基因突变导致的线粒体脑肌病重叠综合征二例

目的孤立的线粒体电子传递链复合物Ⅰ缺陷是线粒体病常见的原因之一,可导致几种独特的临床综合征。方法本文报道2例NADH脱氢酶(ND)基因突变导致的线粒体脑肌病的临床资料,分析该2例线粒体脑肌病患者的临床表现,头颅影像学,血乳酸,血生化,血氨基酸,尿有机酸等,脑电图(EEG),肌电图(EMG)和神经传导速度,以及线粒体全基因二代测序和线粒体相关核基因的检查。结果例1患者部分症状符合线粒体脑肌病伴乳酸血症和卒中样发作(MELAS),部分症状符合伴破碎红纤维肌阵挛癫痫(MERRF)。该患者头颅MRI除MELAS常见的皮质病变外,还可见中脑和四叠体对称性异常信号,符合Leigh综合征(LS)影像学表现。线粒体基因二代测序发现MT ND3,10158TC突变。例2患者临床表现完全符合MELAS的临床特征,但头颅MRI可见中脑红核双侧对称性病变,又符合LS的影像学特征。线粒体全基因二代测序发现ND3,10191TC突变。结论对于难以解释的神经系统症状和体征,尤其有多系统受累表现,即使临床表现不符合某种独特的线粒体病综合征,也要提高警惕,避免漏诊。     

KCNT1基因突变导致的婴儿癫痫伴游走性局灶性发作一例

目的探讨KCNT1基因突变所致婴儿癫痫伴游走性局灶性发作(EIMFS)的临床特征、基因诊断、治疗及预后。方法对1例诊断为EIMFS患儿的临床表现、脑电图(EEG)特点及基因测序结果进行分析。结果患儿男性,2月20d,频繁抽搐发作,表现为局灶性发作,伴癫痫持续状态,EEG放电部位不固定,抗癫痫药物治疗效果欠佳,起病后出现发育滞后,头颅MRI及血、尿遗传代谢筛查无明显异常,基因测序结果发现患儿存在KCNT1基因突变,该突变为杂合错义突变(c.1283G> A,p.Arg428Gln),患儿父母该位点未发现突变,即患儿为新生突变。结论 KCNT1是EIMFS主要的相关基因,对于临床病因不明且抗癫痫药物治疗效果欠佳的早发性癫痫脑病患儿需考虑基因检测,协助临床诊断及预后评估。     

A case of epilepsy with myoclonic atonic seizures caused by SLC6A1 gene mutation due to balanced chromosomal translocation

IntroductionEpilepsy with myoclonic atonic seizures (EMAtS) was previously thought to occur in normally developing children. We report a female case of EMAtS and mild developmental delay before onset. Importantly, a de novo balanced chromosomal translocation was recognized in the patient.Case presentationThe patient was a 4-year-old girl. Mild developmental delay was observed during infancy. At the age of one and a half years, she developed atonic seizures once a month. At 4 years of age, her seizures increased to more than 10 times per hour. An ictal electroencephalogram (EEG) showed a 3–4-Hz spike-and-wave complex, which was consistent with atonic and myoclonic seizures of the trunk, eyelids, and lips. Therefore, EMAtS was diagnosed based on the symptoms and EEG findings. After administration of valproic acid (VPA), the epileptic seizures disappeared immediately. At the age of 5 years and 2 months, the seizures recurred but disappeared again when the dose of VPA was increased. Subsequently, no recurrence was observed until 6 years and 3 months of age on VPA and lamotrigine. Chromosome analysis of the patient disclosed 46,XX,t(3;11)(p25;q13.1)dn. Long-read sequencing of the the patient’s genomic DNA revealed that the 3p25.3 translocation breakpoint disrupted the intron 7 of the SLC6A1 gene.ConclusionThe SLC6A1 disruption by chromosome translocation well explains the clinical features of this patient. Long-read sequencing is a powerful technique to determine genomic abnormality at the nucleotide level for disease-associated chromosomal abnormality.     

Familial cases of progressive myoclonic epilepsy caused by maternal somatic mosaicism of a recurrent KCNC1 p.Arg320His mutation

Purpose

A recurrent de novo mutation in KCNC1 (c.959G?>?A, p.Arg320His) has been identified recently as one of the important genetic causes of progress myoclonic epilepsy (PME). The clinical phenotype resulting from this mutation has been named as myoclonus epilepsy and ataxia due to potassium channel mutation (MEAK). This finding carries important clinical implications in that autosomal dominant inheritance and de novo occurrence need to be considered when conducting genetic tests in patients with PME. We present two familial cases of MEAK in siblings with a recurrent p.Arg320His mutation in KCNC1.

Early onset absence epilepsy: 1 in 10 cases is caused by GLUT1 deficiency

Glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) deficiency caused by mutations of SLC2A1 is an increasingly recognized cause of genetic generalized epilepsy. We previously reported that >10% (4 of 34) of a cohort with early onset absence epilepsy (EOAE) had GLUT1 deficiency. This study uses a new cohort of 55 patients with EOAE to confirm that finding. Patients with typical absence seizures beginning before 4 years of age were screened for solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 1 (SLC2A1) mutations or deletions. All had generalized spike‐waves on electroencephalography (EEG). Those with tonic and/or atonic seizures were excluded. Mutations were found in 7 (13%) of 55 cases, including five missense mutations, an in‐frame deletion leading to loss of a single amino acid, and a deletion spanning two exons. Over both studies, 11 (12%) of 89 probands with EOAE have GLUT1 deficiency. Given the major treatment and genetic counseling implications, this study confirms that SLC2A1 mutational analysis should be strongly considered in EOAE.