轻度血管性认知功能障碍患者的脑电活动分析

1资料及方法1.1一般资料随机收集广西科技大学一附院2012-06—2012-12门诊诊治的血管性认知功能障碍(VCI)患者35例,男18例,女17例;年龄(70.27±1.98)岁;对照组为相同年龄段健康成人,男19例,女16例;年龄(69.54±1.64)岁。2组患者均无服用镇静、催眠药物史。临床资料经检验具有可比性(P>0.05)。     

听觉事件相关电位对轻度认知功能障碍的诊断价值

目的 研究听觉事件相关电位(AERPs)对轻度认知功能障碍(MCI)的诊断价值.方法 对34例MCI患者、18例Alzheimer病(AD)患者和34名正常对照(NC)者进行AERPs和神经心理学量表检查.并对MCI患者AERPs与神经心理学量表结果的相关性进行分析.结果 与AD组比较,MCI组和NC组AERPs的计数准确率显著升高,反应时间(RT)显著缩短(均P＜0.01).MCI组与NC组AERPs计数的准确率与RT差异均无统计学意义.MCI组的P50波幅明显高于AD组和NC组(P ＜0.05～0.01).与NC组比较,MCI组和AD组的P300潜伏期明显延长、波幅显著降低(P ＜0.05 ～0.01).与AD组比较,MCI组的P300潜伏期明显缩短、波幅明显增高(P ＜0.05～0.01).3组间P50潜伏期及N100、P200、N200的波幅、潜伏期比较,差异无统计学意义.Pearson相关分析显示,各量表的记忆评分与P50波幅、P300潜伏期呈负相关(均P＜0.01).结论 MCI患者的AERPs明显异常,并且与正常老年人及AD患者均有不同的特点,可作为MCI诊断的一项参考指标.     

轻度认知功能障碍筛查量表研究进展

轻度认知功能障碍(MCI)患者是老年性痴呆(SD)的高危人群。痴呆的发病率随着世界人口老龄化的加剧而迅速攀升,中晚期痴呆的治疗效果欠佳,而对MCI的早期筛查和干预可延缓痴呆病程的进展。文中对国内外MCI筛查量表的研究分析得出,记忆与执行筛查(MES)量表、Dem Tect、中文修订版轻度认知功能障碍测试(CAMCI)和阿尔茨海默病调查问卷(AQ)4种筛查量表可作为MCI筛查的首选筛查量表。     

帕金森病轻度认知功能障碍

由于老龄化问题严重,伴随而来的是老年认知功能障碍呈递增趋势.帕金森病(PD)是常见的导致认知障碍疾病之一,临床对导致帕金森病认知障碍和痴呆的临床特征和神经机制的认识显著增加.在确诊帕金森病的同时,部分患者已存在一定程度的认知障碍,但程度尚轻微,未达到影响功能独立性的严重程度,故易被患者、照料人员,甚至医务工作者忽视.然...     

轻度认知功能障碍的认识

轻度认知功能障碍（MCI）是指介于痴呆和正常衰老之间的认知功能损害状态。由于概念的混淆、方法的差异及标准的不同,MCI在临床实践中存在着不少困惑。本文回顾了认知功能损害的研究历史,讨论了MCI的概念、诊断标准、临床分型、与正常老化和痴呆的鉴别以及临床预后,探讨了MCI与阿尔茨海默病的关系。     

轻度认知功能障碍

衰老和痴呆领域的研究主要集中在认知障碍的早期阶段特征.最近研究已经发现在正常衰老和AD之间有一种过度状态,即轻度认知障碍(mild cognitive impairment,MCI),它是指在AD和正常衰老之间的一种临床状况,表现在记忆减退与年龄不相称,但没有达到目前AD的诊断标准.追踪观察发现这些人与健康对照组相比,往往以惊人的速度发展成具有临床特征的AD[2],因此这被认为是一合适的治疗干预期,许多治疗研究中心正着手进行这方面的研究.     

蒙特利尔认知评估量表在轻度认知功能障碍筛查中的应用

目的 探讨蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)在轻度认知功能障碍(MCI)患者筛查中的应用.方法 应用简易精神状态检查量表(MMSE)、MoCA对32例MCI患者和50例健康对照者进行神经心理评估,比较二者筛查MCI的效果.结果 以26分为分界值,MoCA筛查MCI的敏感性为96.87%、特异性为76%,MMSE筛查MCI的敏感性为56.25%、特异性为96%;MoCA中除抽象思维、地点定向两项外,其余各亚项的评分在MCI组和对照组间差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05):MMSE中仅计算与注意力、延迟回忆两项在MCI组和对照组间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其余各项差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 MoCA为高敏感性的MCI筛查工具,能全面评估MCI患者的认知功能.且可用于筛查MMSE得分正常的MCI患者.     

运用磁共振动脉自旋标记技术鉴别轻度认知功能障碍和血管性轻度认知功能障碍

目的研究轻度认知功能障碍(MCI)和血管性轻度认知功能障碍(VaMCI)患者各认知功能脑区域脑血流量(CBF)的特点,为早期诊断提供科学依据。方法选择2016年1月-2018年1月昆明市延安医院神经内科门诊及住院部确诊的24例MCI患者(MCI组)和24例VaMCI(VaMCI组)患者及24名老年健康志愿者(正常对照组)作为研究对象,运用动脉自旋标记(ASL)技术采集3组受试者认知功能脑区域的CBF数据。结果与正常对照组相比,MCI组双侧额叶、双侧海马脑血流灌注增加,双侧颞叶、楔前叶等部位脑血流灌注降低(P 0. 05);与正常对照组相比,VaMCI组双侧额叶、双侧海马脑血流灌注增加,双侧楔前叶、角回等部位脑血流灌注降低(P 0. 05);与MCI组相比,VaMCI组左侧颞叶、双侧扣带回、左侧杏仁核脑血流灌注增加,右侧颞叶、右侧扣带回等部位脑血流灌注降低(P 0. 05)。结论 MCI患者和VaMCI患者认知功能脑区域脑血流灌注具有不同的特点,磁共振ASL技术能够为两者的鉴别提供影像学帮助。     

认知功能筛查量表在MCI和轻度AD患者中的应用

目的:探讨认知功能筛查量表在轻度认知功能损害(Mild Cognitive Impairment,MCI)和轻度阿尔茨海默病(Alzhei mer disease,AD)患者中的应用。方法:对61例MCI患者和47例轻度AD患者进行系列神经心理学测验,同时选择41例正常老年人做对照。结果:MCI组和正常老年人比较,MGR、MMSE的短时记忆亚项、FOM、LM、DR、CDT均有统计学差异。轻度AD组和MCI组比较,MMSE的即刻记忆亚项、RVR、DS、ADL、IADL、POD均有统计学差异。CES-D在三组间无统计学差异。结论:MGR量表可用来鉴别正常人和认知功能损害人群,但不宜用来鉴别MCI和轻度AD患者。RVR和DS量表可以用于鉴别MCI和轻度AD患者。ADL量表在轻度AD患者显示损害,提示AD患者存在日常生活行为能力的损害。     

轻度认知功能障碍的遗传学研究进展

轻度认知功能障碍(MCI)在老年人群非常普遍。遗传学研究作为研究MCI诊断和预测的方法能提供很有价值的线索。虽然我们对MCI进展为AD现有的相关遗传学知识了解有限,但仍有足够的机会去研究和发现。本文就目前MCI的相关热点致病基因进行综述,并探讨了基因研究中存在的一些问题以及今后发展的方向。     

基于复杂度分析阿尔茨海默病、轻度认知功能障碍患者的脑电特点

目的 探讨阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer's disease,AD)、轻度认知功能障碍(mildcognitive impairment,MCI)和健康老年人的脑电复杂度(Lemple-Zie complexity,LZC)特点,以及LZC值在鉴别AD、MCI以及健康老年人中的应用价值.方法 对30例AD患者、30例MCI患者及20名健康老年对照者进行安静闭目状态下的脑电监测,用Matlab自编软件计算各组不同导联及脑区的LZC值.结果 (1) AD组、MCI组、对照组全部导联平均值依次是0.396±0.036、0.470±0.051、0.523±0.055,AD组和MCI组与对照组相比均有所降低,差别有统计学意义(F=43.092,P=0.000).(2)AD组的LZC值在各导联处[(0.373±0.042) ～(0.430±0.083)]、全部导联均值、左右半球、双侧额颞区的均明显低于对照组[(0.498±0.067) ～(0.566±0.059)],差异有统计学意义(=3.602 ～ 8.747,P=0.000 ～0.010);且在双侧前中颞、双侧额区、左顶区具有较大降幅,均大于23％.(3)除导联T6外,AD组的LZC值在各导联处[(0.373±0.042) ～ (0.418±0.063)]、全部导联均值、左右半球及双侧额颞区均低于MCI组[(0.455±0.072) ～ (0.489±0.063)],差异有统计学意义(在T5导联处,t =2.038、P=0.041,其余t=4.178 ～7.424,均P=0.000).(4) MCI组的LZC值在全部导联均值、左右半球、双侧颞区、左额、双侧顶区较对照组降低,差异有统计学意义.结论 随着认知功能的降低,脑电信号复杂度值可出现同向改变,说明LZC值可在一定程度上反映大脑认知功能的变化;出现额、颞区复杂度异常的MCI患者与AD的发生存在一定程度的联系.     

Functional impairment in the diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment

The criterion on functional activity in the revised diagnostic criteria for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) seems to be conceptually and operationally problematic.We investigated the predictive validity for dementia of this criterion in 140 patients with MCI who participated in the baseline study of the Korean Longitudinal Study on Health and Aging and completed 18-month follow-up evaluation (mean duration of follow-up, 1.57±0.24 y). Annual conversion rates to dementia were compared between the patients who fulfilled the criterion on functional activity and those who did not. Annual conversion rates to dementia of the patients who fulfilled the criterion on functional activity was 4.76%, whereas that of the patients with MCI who did not was 33.07%, indicating that the criterion on functional activity was a significant negative predictor of dementia (odds ratio=0.12). Re-revision of the criterion on functional activity may be warranted to solve its conceptual and operational ambiguities.     

Computerized diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment

BackgroundWe previously described software that we have developed for use in the evaluation of mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Our previous study included an aged nondemented population with memory complaints (n = 41) that was relatively homogenous in terms of education, clinical history, neurological examination, and Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE) scores. Performance patterns in the computerized tests separated the subjects into two groups, and we hypothesized that one group might have had incipient dementia.Methods/ResultsIn the present study we report a follow-up of 35 of the subjects 2 years later. Eight subjects who were thought to have incipient dementia at baseline could be evaluated in the follow-up, and six of them have deteriorated according to both MMSE and neurologists’ evaluations and have now fulfilled clinical diagnostic criteria of dementia. The other two deteriorated only according to their computer performance. Of the 27 remaining subjects, only one now fulfilled clinical diagnostic criteria for dementia, although the present computerized examinations identified 10 subjects whose performance has deteriorated compared with the previous session.ConclusionThe follow-up examination thus supported our hypothesis that human-computer interaction features can contribute to the detection of incipient dementia.     

Impact of cognitive impairment on mild dementia patients and mild cognitive impairment patients and their informants

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to identify key aspects of the impact of cognitive impairment on patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and mild probable Alzheimer disease (AD) and their informants, and identify overlap and differences between the groups. METHODS: Structured focus group discussions were conducted with MCI patients, AD patients, MCI informants, and AD informants. Participants were recruited from memory clinics in the U.K. and the U.S.A. A total of 20 AD and 20 MCI patients and 16 AD and 11 MCI informants participated. Sessions were content reviewed to identify key impacts of cognitive impairment; results were compared across diagnostic groups and for patients and informants. RESULTS: Seven key themes emerged: uncertainty of diagnosis, skill loss, change in social and family roles, embarrassment and shame, emotionality, insight, and burden. Patients were able to discuss the impact of cognitive impairment on their lives and reported frustration with recognized memory problems, diminished self-confidence, fear of embarrassment, concerns about changing family roles due to cognitive impairment, and anxiety. Informants reported more symptoms and more impairment than did patients and indicated increased dependence on others among patients. CONCLUSION: MCI and mild AD exert substantial burden on patients' lives and the lives of those close to them.     

The generation effect in patients with mild cognitive impairment

The generation effect (GE) has been proven as an effective technique to improve learning and memory in healthy and clinical populations. However, it has not been found with meaningless materials such as pseudowords. Several hypotheses postulate the participation of semantic memory in the information-generating process. There is indeed a clear decrease in the effect in patients with serious semantic memory disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) but, if this is correct, other patients whose memory disorders are not so serious, such as mild cognitive impairment (MCI), should show GE to some extent. To test this hypothesis, we examined 54 participants (18 healthy adults, 18 patients with AD, and 18 with MCI) in a task involving reading and completion of phrases. Results show a decreased (although obvious) GE in patients with MCI. Likewise, results indicate that greater semantic damage will lead to poorer performance with less familiar stimuli or low-frequency words.     

脑血管储备功能在老年遗忘型轻度认知障碍中的应用价值

目的研究老年遗忘型轻度认知障碍(aMCI)患者脑血管储备(CVR)功能的特点。方法收集2012-4—2016-1就诊于首都医科大学附属复兴医院、年龄≥60岁、确诊为aMCI的患者40例,同时选择认知功能正常的健康者42名为正常对照组。所有受试者分别进行经颅多普勒超声(TCD)屏气试验及听觉事件相关电位(AERPs)检查,分析屏气指数(BHI)与认知功能及脑血流动力学的相关性。结果 aMCI组BHI较正常组下降(P0.01);aMCI组BHI与蒙特利尔量表(Montreal cognitive assessment,MoCA)评分呈正相关(r=0.634,P0.01),与P300潜伏期呈负相关(r=-0.426,P0.01);aMCI组患者BHI与大脑中动脉(MCA)的搏动指数(PI)呈负相关(r=-0.365,P0.05);aMCI患者PI异常者其BHI较PI正常者降低(P0.05)。结论老年aMCI患者CVR功能下降,其认知功能受损与CVR减低有一定相关性。     

事件相关电位在轻度认知功能障碍诊断中的意义

目的探讨轻度认知功能障碍和阿尓茨篋〉氖录喙氐缥?ERP:N100、P300)变化。方法根据Peterson制订的MCI诊断标准,筛选出21例MCI患者(MCI组),22例正常对照者(NC组)以及20例阿尓茨篋?AD)组患者,分别用英国OXFORD脑电生理仪记录事件相关电位(ERP:N100,P300)和视觉诱发电位(VEP)情况。结果(1)AD组MMSE评分(16.52±2.17分)及MCI组(24.33±1.34分)低于正常对照组[(26.57±1.43)分,P<0.01]。(2)AD组与MCI组靶波幅P3和非靶波幅P2均见降低,与NC组比较也有显著性差异(P<0.05、P<0.01)。(3)N100潜伏期、波幅变化不是很大(P>0.05)。(4)AD组P300靶刺激中的P2、P3波潜伏期与MMSE分值呈负相关(P<0.05、P<0.01)。结论AD和MCI患者的P300有多项指标异常对于临床诊断AD和MCI患者有一定价值。事件相关电位与认知功能存在明显相关性,提示事件相关电位可以客观反映AD和MCI患者的认知功能障碍。     

Everyday memory impairment of patients with mild cognitive impairment

We evaluated everyday memory impairment in 24 patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) with the Rivermead Behavioral Memory Test (RBMT) and compared the scores with those of 48 age-, sex- and education-matched normal controls (NC) and 48 age-, sex- and education-matched Alzheimer disease (AD) patients. Overall everyday memory was impaired in MCI patients but the severity was milder than that in AD patients. The MCI patients showed impairment of everyday memory tasks requiring delayed recall. But they could normally perform tasks immediately after memorizing, except for recalling and retracing a simple new route. The total Profile score correctly classified 100% of the MCI patients and 91.7% of NC, thus demonstrating the usefulness of the RBMT for diagnosing MCI patients. Prospective memory tasks were not useful for detecting the patients with MCI.