茄病镰刀菌引起包皮龟头炎1例报告

１例６９岁男性患者患包皮龟头炎１０天，无潜在性疾病。曾外用皮质类固醇治疗无效，皮损渐加重。皮损鳞屑直接镜检显示大量的菌丝，鳞屑真菌培养显示霉样真菌生长。经鉴定为茄病镰刀菌。皮损外用达克宁霜治疗，１０天痊愈。     

特应性皮炎患者面部、上肢和背部皮损真菌群落多样性分析

【摘要】 目的 探讨特应性皮炎（AD）患者面部、上肢和背部皮损真菌群落多样性和结构特征。方法 对2015年9 - 10月来自成都医学院第一附属医院皮肤科门诊的10例AD患者面部、上肢和背部皮损区和10例健康对照相应部位皮肤采样，提取样品DNA行MiSeq高通量测序，进行多样性指数分析、物种组成分析及主成分分析。两组间比较采用独立样本t检验，多组间均数比较采用单因素方差分析，两两组间多重比较采用LSD-t检验。结果 多样性指数分析显示，AD患者组面部、上肢、背部皮损区样本Shannon指数均显著高于健康对照组相应区域（t值分别为2.67、2.37、3.34，均P < 0.05）。物种组成分析显示，马拉色菌属在AD患者组面部、上肢、背部皮损区和健康对照组相应区域样本中均占主要地位，其中球形马拉色菌和限制马拉色菌丰度合计约为80%。AD患者组总样本念珠菌属、曲霉属丰度显著高于健康对照组（t值分别为3.515、2.137，均P < 0.05）。AD患者组与健康对照组面部各主要真菌属丰度差异均无统计学意义（均P > 0.05）；AD患者组上肢念珠菌属丰度显著高于健康对照组（t = 3.186，P < 0.05），背部曲霉属丰度显著高于健康对照组（t = 2.736，P < 0.05）。AD患者组、健康对照组面部、上肢、背部样本间主要真菌属丰度差异均无统计学意义（P > 0.05）。轻中重度AD患者组样本间各主要真菌属丰度比较，差异均无统计学意义（均P > 0.05）。主成分分析显示，AD患者组面部、上肢、背部皮损样本真菌群落未按病情严重程度聚类。结论 AD患者面部、上肢、背部皮损区真菌群落多样性明显高于健康对照相应区域，马拉色菌为AD患者上述部位皮损和健康对照相应区域的优势菌种，AD患者皮损区样本中真菌群落组成与疾病严重程度可能无相关性。     

一例皮肤泛发性球毛壳菌病临床分析

患者,男,55岁.全身红色结节伴剧痒6个月.皮损真菌荧光染色直接镜检及真菌培养均阳性.提取培养物DNA进行PCR扩增和测序,鉴定为球毛壳菌.给予伊曲康唑、金菌灵及黄芪颗粒口服,联苯苄唑乳膏外用,治疗2个月病情逐渐好转.经文献检索,确认本病例是我国报道的第4例球毛壳菌病.     

银屑病患者皮瓣鳞屑真菌的分离及流式细胞计数分析

目的 了解真菌特别是糠秕孢子菌与银屑病的关系。方法 对８２例银屑病患者和４０例正常人的头皮，指甲，背部，上肢或下肢４个部位的皮肤鳞屑在３种不同培养基上进行了真菌培养分离，并应用流式细胞计数检测了８株银屑病皮损处糠秕虫孢子菌和４株正常人的糠秕孢子菌的ＤＮＡ总含量及周期变化，结果 （１）发现银屑病患者的真菌率明显高于对照组（Ｐ〈０．０５），银屑病患者皮损处真攻阳性率与非皮损处的阳生率有非常显著性差异（     

特比萘芬治疗郁积性皮炎合并絮状表皮癣菌感染1例

患者男，35岁，左胫前红肿，渗出，溃疡伴疼痛3月余，该患者有郁积性皮炎病史10年，皮损分泌物真菌镜检见分枝，分隔菌丝，经培养为絮状表皮癣菌，采用特比萘芬250mg/d，连续4 周治疗，停药时皮损痊愈，真菌学检查阴性，随访2月未见复发。     

糠秕孢子菌致面鼻部皮肤粘膜感染1例报告

目的：本文报告1例糠秕子菌引起面鼻部皮肤粘膜感染患者。该患者病期1年,皮损主要表现在鼻腔粘膜与面部,经真菌镜检,培养及组织病理学证实为糠秕孢子菌引起面鼻部皮肤粘膜感染。用斯皮仁诺治疗后痊愈。     

球形马拉色菌致难辨认花斑糠疹2例

报告2例球形马拉色菌引起的难辨认花斑糠疹。均为青年男性,临床见背部或躯干边界较清的红斑,周边鲜红,上覆少许鳞屑,表现为体癣样,但经皮损取材真菌镜检,真菌培养和电镜检查,确诊为球形马拉色菌引起的花斑糠疹。     

多发结节表现的孢子丝菌病1例

患者男，31岁。3个月前因外伤后左膝部出现许多小结节，表面呈疣状。皮损真菌镜检（-），37℃温箱真菌培养（-），25℃温箱培养有菌落生长，经鉴定为申克氏孢子丝菌。予碘化钾，伊曲康唑治疗，3周后皮疹好转。     

银屑病患者皮肤鳞屑真菌的分离及流式细胞计数分析

目的了解真菌特别是糠秕孢子菌与银屑病的关系。方法对82例银屑病患者和40例正常人的头皮、指甲、背部、上肢或下肢4个部位的皮肤鳞屑在3种不同培养基上进行了真菌培养分离 ,并应用流式细胞计数检测了8株银屑病皮损处糠秕孢子菌和4株正常人的糠秕孢子菌的DNA总含量及周期变化。结果①发现银屑病患者的真菌带菌率明显高于对照组(P<0.05) ,银屑病患者皮损处真菌阳性率与非皮损处的阳性率有非常显著性差异(P<0.01)。②在银屑病组培养出59株糠秕孢子菌 ,而对照组仅有9株 ,有显著性差异。③S期的细胞比率和PI值银屑病组低于对照组。结论真菌特别是糠秕孢子菌在银屑病患者的皮损处和正常皮肤上都较正常人高 ,对银屑病的发病有一定影响。     

由胶孢镰刀菌所致足部皮肤无色丝孢霉病一例

目的 报道1例由胶孢镰刀菌所致足部无色丝孢霉病。方法 询问病史及体检，取右足内踝处皮损常规病理检查。取皮损分泌物行10% KOH真菌直接镜检和培养，鉴定菌种。结果 患者女，72岁，右足溃疡3年。检查见右足踝内侧皮肤约3 cm × 1.5 cm溃疡，基底暗红色肉芽组织增生，表面湿润，触痛明显。溃疡皮损组织病理检查，真皮浅层肉芽组织坏死，有细长、分隔、无色菌丝样结构物，其周围组织伴有慢性炎症细胞散在浸润，PAS染色显示腊肠样菌丝及散在卵圆形真菌孢子。皮损分泌物真菌镜检见分隔、分支无色菌丝。分离菌株经培养及鉴定为胶孢镰刀菌。本菌株对特比萘芬、制霉菌素及两性霉素B高度敏感。给予口服特比萘芬0.25 g，每日2次，2个月后病灶完全愈合。结论 本病例为胶孢镰刀菌所致足部皮肤无色丝孢霉病，特比萘芬治疗有效。     

The Effect of Aqueous Garlic Extract on the Growth of Dermatophytes

ABSTRACT: The effect of aqueous garlic extract on the growth of different medically important dermatophytes was studied. The extract proved to have an inhibitory effect on the growth of Microsporum gypseum, Trichophyton verrucosum, Trichophyton violaceum, Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton schoenleini, Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Epidermophyton floccosum. The inhibitory concentration ranged from 130-200 mg/1. Experimental infection was induced in guinea pigs and rabbits. Treatment of the produced lesions included topical application or injection of the extract. The topical treatment was very effective, producing complete healing in 14 to 17 days following twice daily application of the extract for one week.     

Periorbicular trichophyton verrucosum infections]

Three patients with periorbicular infections by Trichophyton verrucosum are described. This type of fungal infection is much less common as compared to the usual kerion formation. The main characteristics of Trichophyton verrucosum and of the epidemiology and clinical course of infections with Trichophyton verrucosum are summarized. In this condition the identification of the causative agent as well as the therapeutic regimen chosen to eliminate fungal growth deserve careful attention.     

The Frequency of Causative Dermatophytes in Egypt

ABSTRACT: Mycological examination of 104 Egyptian patients showed Trichophyton violaceum to be the most common isolate, followed by Trichophyton schoenleinii, Microsporum canis, Trichophyton verrucosum, Epidermophyton floccosum, Trichophyton rubrum, and Trichophyton mentagrophytes.     

Ketoconazole (R 41 400) in the Treatment of Dermatophyte Infections A Clinical, Mycological, and Morphological Study

ABSTRACT: Ketoconazole (100 mg, orally, once daily) was investigated in nine patients with extensive dermatophyte infections. After treatment ranging between one week and three months, clinical cures (healing of lesions and negative cultures) were observed in all cases. In vitro growth of Trichophyton rubrum, T. mentagrophytes, and T. verrucosum isolated from infected skin scales were completely inhibited by concentrations of ketoconazole of 10 μg/ml and above. No evidence for the development of drug resistance was obtained from regular in vitro sensitivity tests.     

疣状毛癣菌感染豚鼠模型的构建

目的 构建疣状毛癣菌感染豚鼠的动物模型。方法 选择健康豚鼠32只,随机分为4组。第1组未给任何处置,第2、4组豚鼠刮毛并摩擦其背部皮肤,第3组豚鼠背部给予刮毛处理。第1、2、3组为实验观察组,分别涂抹疣状毛癣菌菌悬液100 μl;第4组涂抹须毛癣菌菌悬液100 μl。采用直接镜检、真菌培养和组织病理方法验证感染结果。结果 第1组直接镜检持续阴性;第2、3、4组豚鼠背部鳞屑直接镜检至第7 ～ 9天时均为阳性;将鳞屑接种于沙氏葡萄糖琼脂（SDA）平板上培养,7 d后可见真菌生长,2周后各平板接种点均有菌落生长,且与接种前菌落形态基本相同。第2、3、4组取皮损活检HE染色,表皮角质层及部分毛囊漏斗部可见折光性强的菌丝及孢子。结论 成功构建了疣状毛癣菌感染的豚鼠模型。     

Tinea capitis among children and adolescents in the Farwaniya region of Kuwait

Analysis of 325 patients (182 males, 143 females) of mycologically proven tinea capitis (TC) seen over a period of two years from January 2001--December 2002 in the Farwaniya region of Kuwait is presented in this study. The age range was 8 months to 17 years. Peak incidence was observed in the 3-14 year age group (79.6%). Positive family history and contact with pets were noted in 22% and 36.7% of the cases, respectively. The non-inflammatory 'gray patch' variety was the most common clinical type, seen in 163 (50.2%) children, followed by the black-dot variant in 100 (30.2%) patients. A significant proportion of the cases (16.6%) had the uncommonly reported seborrheic dermatitis or dandruff like pattern. Highly inflammatory kerion was encountered infrequently (2.5%). Seven species of dermatophytes were isolated; Trichophyton violaceum in 135 (41.5%), followed by Microsporum canis in 89 (27.4%), Microsporum audouinii in 48 (14.8%), Trichophyton mentagrophytes var. mentagrophytes in 31 (9.5%), Trichophyton verrucosum in 15 (4.6%), Trichophyton tonsurans in 6 (1.9%) and Microsporum gypseum in 1 (0.3%) patient. T. violaceum was the most common fungus responsible for the black-dot variety (89/100) and kerion (4/8) patients. Three cases of kerion (33.3%) grew T. verrucosum. M. canis was the most common species isolated from the 'gray patch' cases (79/163; 48.5%) followed by almost equal prevalences of T. violaceum (16.6%), M. audouinii (15.3%), and T. mentagrophytes var. mentagrophytes (12.3%). Among the seborrheic type of cases, M. audouinii was the most common fungus isolated in 20/54 (37%) followed by T. violaceum in 15 (27.8%), T. mentagrophytes var. mentagrophytes in 9 (16.7%), M. canis in 8 (14.8%) and T. verrucosum and T. tonsurans in one (0.3%) patient each. The results are significantly different from those in earlier studies in Kuwait.     

Untersuchungen zur Ultrastruktur von Trichophyton verrucosum Bodin 1902 und Trichophyton Schönleinii (Lebert) Langeron et Milochevitch 1930

Zusammenfassung Die Ultrastruktur der Zellwände, Septen, Cytoplasmamembran und der Mitochondrien von Trichophyton Schönleinii und Trichophyton verrucosum wird beschrieben. In mehreren Schnitten konnte eine Verschmelzung benachbarter Zellwände (Lamina lucida) beobachtet werden. Im Mycel von Trichophyton verrucosum fanden sich unterschiedliche Muster der cytoplasmatischen Struktur. Einige Hyphen waren mit dichtgepackten Granula gefüllt, andere zeigten überwiegend lamelläre Strukturen, darunter auch Mitochondrien. Zum Teil erscheinen die Hyphen auch leer oder lediglich mit Resten denaturierter cytoplasmatischer Strukturen gefüllt zu sein. Die Übereinstimmung dieser Befunde mit einigen histochemischen Beobachtungen wird erörtert.

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Summary The ultrastructure of the cell wall, septa, plasma membrane and mitochondria of Trichophyton Schönleinii and Trichophyton verrucosum is described. Fusion of the cell walls (lamina lucida) of adjacent mycelia was observed in several sections. Different structural patterns were found in the mycelia of T. verrucosum. Some hyphae were filled with closely packed, electrone-dense granules, other contained mainly lamellate structures including mitochondria. A third type of hyphae appeared to be empty or to contain only a few denaturated intracytoplasmatic structures. Consistency of these findings with certain histochemical observations is discussed.

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Die Untersuchungen wurden mit freundlicher Unterstützung der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft durchgeführt.     

Invasive dermatophytosis with lymph node involvement in an immunocompetent patient

A 23-year-old man presented with annular and arcuate, hyperpigmented, itchy, scaly plaques over the trunk and lower extremities for 5 years progressing to verrucous papules and nodules for the last 1.5 years. He also had nontender, inguinal and axillary lymphadenopathy. Skin and lymph node biopsies showed granulomatous inflammation and special stains demonstrated long septate hyphae. Tissue cultures grew Trichophyton verrucosum. The patient was treated with itraconazole 100 mg twice daily for 8 months, resulting in complete clearance of the lesions.     

Animals as a Reservoir of Human Ringworm in New Zealand

Investigations in New Zealand have shown that animals are an important reservoir of human ringworm. Of 4,328 dermatophytes recovered from human lesions over the six-year period 1963-68, 1,579 (36.5%) were considered to be of animal origin–1,254 (29.0% total) Microsporum canis; 189 (4.4% total) Trichophyton erinacei; 86 (2.0% total) Trichophyton mentagrophytes; 46 (1.1%) Trichophyton verrucosum; 2 Microsporum distortum and 2 Trichophyton equinum var. autotrophicum. Human infection with zoophilic dermatophytes was more pronounced in the younger age groups, showed no marked sex distribution, and usually occurred at only a single exposed site on the body. Apart from the M. canis ringworms which occurred mainly between the months February to August (autumn, winter), no marked seasonal variations were observed. Of the 12 dermatophyte species recovered from 1,290 wild, domestic and laboratory animals examined between 1960-68, only nine were regarded as possessing parasitic properties. These were the zoophilic Microsporum canis, M. distortum, M. nanum, Trichophyton erinacei, T. equinum var. autotrophicum, T. gallinae, T. mentagrophytes, T. verrucosum, and the geophilic M. gypseum. Those regarded as essentially non-pathogenic were the geophilic M. cookei, T. ajelloi and T. terrestre. Apart from T. mentagrophytes which was recovered from a wide variety of animals, the remaining pathogenic dermatophytes displayed marked host specificities. T. mentagrophytes var. quinckeanum was not isolated from any of the human or animal specimens. It is confirmed that, in New Zealand, animals form an important reservoir of human ringworm. Direct contact with small domestic pets rather than larger farm animals is the main source of infection. Of the small wild animals, hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus) appear most important.     

Human cases of cattle ringworm due to Trichophyton verrucosum in Victoria, Australia

Between 1962 and 1994, 32 isolates of Trichophyton verrucosum from cases of tinea corporis, tinea faciei and tinea capitis were referred to the Mycology Reference Laboratory of the Microbiological Diagnostic Unit at The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Patients had presented at clinics in metropolitan Melbourne and country towns in the State of Victoria, Australia. They included dairy and cattle farmers, a slaughterman who worked in an abattoir, a veterinary tutor and children who lived on farms. Many patients lived in one of the three dairy farming areas of Victoria. A few lived in the outer suburbs of Melbourne. One cattle farmer came from south-east New South Wales. Specimens were not received for examination from animal contacts of the patients. The only patient from overseas was a boy from Lebanon. The literature recording human infections due to T. verrucosum in Australia is reviewed.