高分辨率磁共振评价症状性大脑中动脉粥样硬化斑块与脑梗死发生的关系

目的应用高分辨率磁共振成像(HRMRI)检测症状性大脑中动脉(MCA)狭窄处斑块,初步探讨斑块稳定性与脑梗死发生的关系。方法收集症状性大脑中动脉M1段狭窄的短暂性脑缺血发作患者76例。收集一般临床资料,对MCA-M1狭窄段进行HRMRI血管壁检查,分析狭窄部位斑块信号特点,评估斑块的稳定性。根据HRMRI评估的斑块性质,将其分为不稳定斑块组(46例)和稳定斑块组(30例),其中将不稳定斑块组分为斑块内出血组(13例)、强化斑块组(17例)和混合斑块组(16例)。随访18个月,记录并比较两组患者首次就诊至发生目标MCA供血区发生脑梗死的时间及比例。结果①不稳定斑块组发生MCA区脑梗死的比例是25/46,稳定斑块组是9/30,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05);②不稳定斑块组发生MCA区脑梗死的时间中位数是17.0(10.5,18.0)个月,明显短于稳定斑块组中位数18(16.3,18.0)个月,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05);③不稳定斑块分型的三组间发生MCA区脑梗死的比例和时间的比较均无统计学差异(P> 0.05)。结论应用HRMRI可评估大脑中动脉斑块的稳定性,从而预测脑卒中的风险,为临床提供更多的指导信息。     

应用高分辨率磁共振对症状性大脑中动脉斑块稳定性危险因素的研究

目的应用高分辨率磁共振(High Resolution Magnetic Resonance Imaging,HRMRI)判断急性缺血性脑卒中患者症状大脑中动脉粥样硬化斑块稳定性,研究影响斑块稳定性的危险因素。方法连续收集2015年1月-2018年11月于江苏省苏北人民医院神经内科住院的急性缺血性脑卒中患者62例,责任动脉均为大脑中动脉,通过HRMRI评估症状大脑中动脉斑块稳定性,根据斑块稳定性,分为不稳定斑块组44例,稳定斑块组18例,比较两组之间的临床资料,分析影响急性缺血性脑卒中患者症状大脑中动脉粥样硬化斑块稳定性的危险因素。结果不稳定斑块组与稳定斑块组比较,两组在性别、年龄、糖尿病病史、吸烟史、饮酒史、白蛋白、总蛋白、高密度脂蛋白、尿酸等方面差异无统计学意义,不稳定斑块组高血压病史患者更多;甘油三脂、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白、空腹血糖的水平更高,Logistic回归分析提示甘油三脂(r=0. 183,95%CI 0. 037～0. 905,P=0. 037)是影响症状性大脑中动脉斑块稳定性的独立危险因素。结论甘油三脂水平可能与缺血性脑卒中症状性大脑中动脉粥样硬化斑块稳定性独立相关。     

急性脑梗死患者颅内动脉硬化及其危险因素的分析

目的研究急性脑梗死患者颅内动脉狭窄或闭塞的发生率和分布特点,以及与动脉硬化危险因素之间的关系。方法根据有无颅内动脉狭窄或闭塞,将122例急性脑梗死患者分为颅内动脉狭窄或闭塞组和无颅内动脉狭窄或闭塞组。分析颅内动脉狭窄的比例和各支动脉狭窄或闭塞的比例,分析症状性颅内动脉狭窄或闭塞的比例;比较两组年龄、性别、高血压病、糖尿病、吸烟、饮酒、血脂、血同型半胱氨酸、糖化血红蛋白等危险因素的差异;分析各支动脉狭窄或闭塞与以上危险因素的关系。结果 122例研究对象中,有颅内动脉狭窄或闭塞患者55例(45.1%),其中有症状性颅内动脉狭窄或闭塞患者36/55例(65.4%),多支动脉狭窄51/55例(92.7%)。颅内动脉狭窄或闭塞组的年龄(67.29±10.92)岁大于无颅内动脉狭窄或闭塞组(63.28±11.20)岁,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。大脑后动脉狭窄或闭塞患者患有糖尿病比例(58.1%)较无大脑后动脉狭窄或闭塞患者(16.7%)明显增高,差异有统计学意义(P=0.011)。结论急性脑梗死患者存在颅内动脉狭窄或闭塞的比例较高,颅内动脉狭窄或闭塞与年龄有关,大脑后动脉狭窄与糖尿病关系密切。     

高分辨MRI对颅内动脉粥样硬化斑块分布、厚度及稳定性的评估

目的探究高分辨率磁共振成像(high-resolution MR imaging,HR MRI)对颅内动脉粥样硬化斑块分布、厚度及稳定性的评估价值,为颅内动脉粥样硬化性病变的临床诊治提供参考依据。方法研究对象为70例行头颅HRMRI检查的后循环缺血患者,其中椎基底动脉系统脑梗死42例、短暂性脑缺血发作28例,分别纳入脑梗死组(n=42)与TIA组(n=28)。分析头颅HRMRI影像学资料,比较两组斑块分布、厚度及稳定性。结果①脑梗死组中分布于腹侧壁、上侧壁的斑块数量高于TIA组,背侧壁、下侧壁斑块数量低于TIA组(P 0.05);②两组血管面积(VA)、管腔面积(LA)、血管最狭窄处(MLN)血管面积(VAMLN)(VAMLN)比较差异无统计学意义(P 0.05);但脑梗死组LAMLN显著低于TIA组,管壁面积(WA)MLN显著高于TIA组(P 0.05);③两组颅内动脉粥样硬化斑块重构方式比较差异无统计学意义(P 0.05);但脑梗死组PA、狭窄率、显著高于TIA组,斑块负荷百分比、RI显著低于TIA组(P 0.05);④脑梗死组易损斑块显著高于TIA组(P 0.05),但两组易损斑块分类比较差异无统计学意义(P 0.05);⑤RI对脑梗死无明显诊断预测价值[AUC 0.591(0.454～0.728)];其余指标用于脑梗死的诊断预测均具一定诊断效能,以WAMLN诊断效能最佳[AUC 0.763(0.649～0.876)]。结论 HR MRI评价颅内动脉粥样硬化斑块分布、厚度及稳定性具重要价值,且脑梗死与TIA在斑块分布、血管最狭窄处管腔面积、管壁面积及斑块稳定性上差异显著,并能在一定程度上预测颅内动脉粥样硬化患者脑梗死风险,值得临床重视。     

不同机制的症状性颅内动脉粥样硬化患者HRMRI斑块特征分析

目的 分析不同机制的症状性颅内动脉粥样硬化患者高分辨率磁共振成像(HRMRI)斑块特征。方法 收集2019年1月-2019年12月在江苏大学附属宜兴医院神经内科就诊的脑梗死患者60例,参照中国缺血性脑卒中亚型(CISS)分型标准,并根据颅脑DWI表现将症状性动脉粥样硬化性颅内动脉狭窄(sICAS)患者分为动脉—动脉栓塞组(A组)、低灌注或混合性脑梗死组(B组)、穿支动脉受累组(C组)各20例。另外,同期选取20例无症状性ICAS患者作为无症状性ICAS组(D组); 所有患者均行HRMRI扫描,评价斑块特征。结果 4组患者颅内动脉粥样硬化斑块形态、分布、强化、斑块内信号、责任动脉的狭窄程度、病变管壁体积百分比比较无明显差异(P>0.05); 4组患者颅内动脉粥样硬化斑块部位、病变局部血管重构指数特征比较有明显差异(P<0.05)。A,B,C组患者颅内动脉粥样硬化斑块部位、病变局部血管重构指数特征比较无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论 HRMRI可作为分析症状性颅内动脉粥样硬化患者斑块特征,但不同机制的斑块特征无明显差异     

高分辨率MRI对脑动脉粥样硬化的诊断价值

目的探讨高分辨率MRI(HRMRI)对脑动脉粥样硬化的诊断价值。方法对19例颅内血管狭窄或脑动脉粥样硬化的患者进行MRI、MR血管成像(MRA)和HRMRI检查,并进行图像分析。结果 19例患者共检查了27支大脑中动脉(MCA)。10例患者MRI及MRA检查示有MCA相应支配区域急性脑梗死,其中9例(90%)存在MCA狭窄。9例患者无MCA相应支配区域急性脑梗死,其中6例(67%)有MCA狭窄。HRMRI检查显示,有MCA支配区域急性脑梗死患者与无急性脑梗死患者的MCA狭窄处的血管壁厚度、管腔内径、管腔面积及狭窄率比较,差异无统计学意义。共有27支MCA显示存在明确斑块,每支MCA中均有1个斑块。有14支MCA的斑块显示为稳定斑块的性质,其中12支(86%)MCA中斑块的纤维帽完整,2支(14%)MCA中斑块的纤维帽破裂,未见有脂质核心及斑块内出血;有13支MCA的斑块显示为不稳定斑块的性质,其中2支(15%)MCA中斑块纤维帽完整,2支(15%)MCA中斑块纤维帽破裂,8支(62%)MCA斑块内可见脂质核心,1支(8%)MCA斑块内有出血。结论 HRMRI能清晰显示颅内动脉的管壁结构,弥补常规MRA技术的不足,可较好的评价脑动脉粥样硬化。     

糖尿病性脑梗死与非糖尿病性脑梗死头颈部CTA对比

目的 对比糖尿病性脑梗死与非糖尿病性脑梗死患者头颈部CTA的临床特点。方法 选择2016-04—2018-02在南方医科大学附属普宁华侨医院治疗的120例脑梗死患者,根据是否并发糖尿病分成糖尿病组60例和非糖尿病组60例。观察2组疾病类型、相关生化指标及头颈部动脉狭窄程度积分、颅内动脉狭窄积分、动脉粥样硬化斑块积分。结果 糖尿病组患者主要为腔隙性、多发性脑梗死,预后不良率明显高于非糖尿病组(P0.05);2组血糖、血压、血脂方面比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);糖尿病组头颈部动脉狭窄程度积分、颅内动脉狭窄积分、动脉粥样硬化斑块积分明显高于非糖尿病组(P0.05)。结论糖尿病与脑梗死患者的颅内动脉病变密切相关,糖尿病性脑梗死患者的动脉粥样硬化程度及血管狭窄程度明显较非糖尿病性脑梗死严重,对于糖尿病性脑梗死的针对性治疗具有重要的临床指导意义。     

microRNA-24表达与急性脑梗死进展的关联性研究

目的探讨microRNA-24(miR-24)表达与急性脑梗死进展的关联性。方法选取急性脑梗死患者151例,根据有无脑梗死进展(PCI)分为进展组64例和对照组87例,另选取健康体检者30例为正常组。收集3组的人口学特征(性别、年龄)和常见脑血管病危险因素(高血压病、高脂血症、糖尿病、冠心病、心房纤颤史等),比较3组的miR-24表达、高同型半胱氨酸(Hhcy)、入院后血压降低、颅内动脉狭窄、空腹血糖和纤维蛋白原水平等情况。结果进展组与对照组比较,患者的性别、年龄及高血压病、冠心病、糖尿病、脑卒中病史、高脂血症、心房颤动发生率,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);进展组空腹血糖、Hhcy、入院后血压降低及颅内动脉狭窄率高于对照组,miR-24表达水平低于对照组及正常组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析表明,miR-24低表达、Hhcy、入院后血压降低、空腹血糖升高是急性脑梗死进展的独立危险因素(P0.05)。结论 miR-24能抑制神经细胞缺血缺氧条件下的凋亡,急性脑梗死miR-24低表达患者的病情进展风险大。     

糖尿病影响脑梗死的形成与颈动脉斑块相关

目的 探讨糖尿病、颈动脉斑块与脑梗死形成之间的关系. 方法 选择南京大学医学院附属鼓楼医院神经内科住院的226例缺血性脑血管病患者,经头颅MRI明确有无新发脑梗死存在.根据颈动脉超声检查所示颈动脉内膜中膜厚度将其分成有或无斑块形成组,并记录其性别、年龄、生化指标及有或无高血压和糖尿病的存在.二分类法比较脑梗死、颈动脉斑块和糖尿病的阳性率,并经Logistic回归分析其相关危险度. 结果 脑梗死组较无脑梗死组有更高的斑块阳性率(84％、52％),斑块组较无斑块组有更高的脑梗死发生率(66％、28％); Logistic回归分析在其校正前后OR值、95％CI分别为5.019、2.694～9.354和4.459、2.061～9.647,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).斑块组较无斑块组有更高的糖尿病阳性率(38％、13％),糖尿病组较无糖尿病组有更高的颈动脉斑块阳性率(87％、62％); Logistic回归分析在其校正前后OR值、95％CI分别为4.010、1.854～8.672和4.272、1.565～11.662,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).脑梗死组较无脑梗死组有更高的糖尿病阳性率(38％、21％),糖尿病组较无糖尿病组有更高的脑梗死发生率(68％、48％); Logistic回归分析的OR值、95％CI为2.256、1.242～4.095,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),在引入一般危险因素对其校正后OR值、95％CI为2.105、1.066～4.157,差异仍有统计学意义(P＜0.05);而当在此基础上再引入颈动脉斑块进行校正后,其OR值、95％CI为1.696、0.833～3.452,差异无统计学意义(P.0.05). 结论 糖尿病通过影响颈动脉斑块的形成而作用于脑梗死的发生.     

南京地区缺血性脑卒中二级预防中危险因素的调查分析

目的调查并分析南京地区缺血性脑卒中二级预防中的危险因素。方法现将2013年03月~2013年12月在南京脑科医院门诊就诊的有过脑梗死(CI)病史或期间有CI发病的患者886例(CI组)和头颅MRI显示仅有腔隙性脑梗死(LI)病灶但无卒中发作史的患者1247例(LI组)进行资料采集,包括性别、年龄、吸烟史、高血压、糖尿病、房颤史、心肌梗死史、外周动脉疾病、颅内外动脉狭窄情况及Essen卒中风险评分量表(ESRS)。同时收集南京汤山社区和南湖社区缺血性脑卒中中低危人群9739例(LR组)的相关数据,对三组数据进行分析比较。结果 CI组和LI组高血压、糖尿病比率显著高于LR组(均P0.01)。CI组颅内外动脉狭窄比率显著高于LI组(P0.01)。进一步将脑梗死的六个危险因素进行多元Logistic回归分析结果均无统计学意义。CI组与LI组ESRS风险分级比例之间比较无统计学差异。结论南京地区高血压、糖尿病是CI的常见危险因素。在缺血性脑卒中的危险因素中对颅内外动脉狭窄的监测更为重要。     

Physical and Sexual Abuse and Neglect and Eating Disorder Symptoms

For eating-disordered patients with a history of post-traumatic stress, childhood abuse and neglect, and dissociative disorder, eating behavior symptoms may function as a rational response to unmetabolized traumatic experiences. This paper will review trauma-based theory, dissociation, abreactive, and ego-states therapy as they apply to eating disorder patients.     

Efficacy and Effectiveness of Child and Adolescent Psychotherapy and Pharmacotherapy

Decades of intervention research have produced a rich body of evidence on the effects of psychotherapies and pharmacotherapies with children and adolescents. Here we summarize and critique that evidence. We review findings bearing on the efficacy of psychosocial treatments and medications under controlled experimental conditions. We also report evidence, where available, on the effectiveness of both classes of treatment with clinically referred youth treated in real-world clinical contexts. In general, the large body of evidence on efficacy contrasts sharply with the small base of evidence on effectiveness. Addressing this gap through an enriched research agenda could contribute importantly to linking scientific inquiry and clinical practice—to the benefit of both ventures. This is one element of a multifaceted agenda for future research and for synthesis of research, which will require the interplay of multiple disciplines related to child and adolescent mental health.     

Presence and severity of anorexia and bulimia among male and female Omani and non-Omani adolescents

OBJECTIVE: The population of Oman is a heterogeneous mix of nationalities providing a natural setting for studying the cross-cultural differences in the presence and severity of eating disorders as well as an opportunity for evaluating the performance of measurement instruments for these disorders. METHOD: Disordered eating screening instruments (the Eating Attitude Test and the Bulimic Investigatory Test) were administered to Omani teenagers, non-Omani teenagers, and Omani adults. RESULTS: On the Eating Attitude Test, 33% of Omani teenagers (29.4% females and 36.4% males) and 9% of non-Omani teenagers (7.5% of males and 10.6% females) showed a propensity for anorexic-like behavior. On the Bulimic Investigatory Test, 12.3% of Omani teenagers showed a propensity for binge eating or bulimia (13.7% females and 10.9% males). Among the non-Omani teenagers, 18.4% showed a tendency toward bulimia, with females showing a slightly greater tendency than males. In contrast, barely 2% of Omani adults showed either a presence of or a severity of disorderly behavior with food. CONCLUSION: Omani teenagers scored significantly higher than other ethnic groups and Omani adults. This finding is discussed in the light of emerging evidence from many parts of the world suggesting that cultural transition, compounded by demographic constraints, plays a significant role in abnormal eating attitudes.     

Physical and Sexual Abuse and Neglect and Eating Disorder Symptoms

Abstract

For eating-disordered patients with a history of post-traumatic stress, childhood abuse and neglect, and dissociative disorder, eating behavior symptoms may function as a rational response to unmetabolized traumatic experiences. This paper will review trauma-based theory, dissociation, abreactive, and ego-states therapy as they apply to eating disorder patients.     

Micro-affirmations and Recovery for Persons with Mental Health and Alcohol and Drug Problems: User and Professional Experience-Based Practice and Knowledge

Recurrent factors contributing to a recovery process from co-occurring mental health and addiction problems mentioned by users and professionals have been analyzed as part of working alliances and helpful relationships. Still, we lack knowledge about how helpful relationships are developed in daily practice. In this article, we focus on the concrete construction of professional helpful relationships. Forty persons in recovery and fifteen professionals were interviewed. The interviews were analyzed according to thematic analysis, resulting in three themes presented as paradoxes (1) My own decision, but with the help of others; (2) The need for structures and going beyond them; and (3) Small trivial things of great importance. Micro-affirmations have a central role in creating helpful relationships by confirming the individuals involved as more than solely users or professionals. More attention and appreciation should be paid to practices involving micro-affirmations.

     

Opiate and digitalis receptor assays distinguish between neuroexcitant and inactive organochlorines and between anesthetics and convulsants

Specific binding of [3H]naloxone to rat brain tissue in vitro was inhibited by the excitant organochlorinated insecticides (OCI), by ether (E) and octanol (OCT), and by the convulsant indoklon (IND) and its anesthetic isomer, isoindoklon (ISO). In the presence of 100 mM NaCl the inhibition of naloxone binding by E, OCT and ISO was greatly potentiated, whereas that by OCI and IND was attenuated. KCl (100 mM) was equally effective as NaCl on the action of anesthetics, but the effect of the excitant drugs was, in contrast to NaCl, unaffected by KCl. Specific binding of [3H]ouabain in the absence of Na, was depressed by anesthetics and enhanced by neuroexcitants. In the presence of NaCl, which by itself inhibits ouabain binding to brain, both anesthetics and excitants enhanced ouabain binding. DDE, a non-insecticidal analog of DDT, and the dimethyl derivative of the OCI, lindane, were inactive in the receptor assays. These observations point to a unique isolated system which responds consistently to anesthetic agents as a class and, in a different way, to neuroexcitant compounds.