超声引导下经皮微波消融术治疗原发性小肝癌临床效果观察

目的探讨超声引导下经皮微波消融术治疗原发性小肝癌的临床效果。方法将2011年1月—2013年2月达州市中心医院普通外科收治的原发性小肝癌80例根据随机数字表法随机分为观察组和对照两组各40例,观察组予超声引导下经皮微波消融术治疗,对照组予手术切除治疗。观察比较两组手术情况、治疗效果、术后并发症情况及预后情况。结果观察组手术时间、术中出血量、术中输血量明显短于或少于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。术后观察组丙氨酸转氨酶及天冬氨酸转氨酶值明显低于对照组,白蛋白及总胆红素值明显高于对照组,术后住院时间明显短于对照组,术后并发症发生率低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组术后病灶根除率,随访期间复发率,术后3、6、12、24、36个月无瘤生存率及术后6、12、24、36个月总生存率比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论超声引导下经皮微波消融术治疗原发性小肝癌效果与手术治疗基本相当,但超声引导下经皮微波消融术对机体损伤小、并发症少,且患者术后肝功能恢复较快。     

超声引导下经皮微波消融术治疗原发性小肝癌的疗效分析

目的:分析超声引导下经皮微波消融术治疗原发性小肝癌患者的疗效及安全性。方法:选取2014年11月~2015年10月我院收治的原发性小肝癌患者76例,随机分为对照组和观察组各38例。对照组给予手术切除治疗,观察组给予超声引导下经皮微波消融术治疗。观察两组患者病灶根除率、术后无瘤生存率、总生存率、并发症发生率及肝功能指标。结果:两组患者病灶根除率比较无明显差异(P>0.05);治疗前,两组血清ALB、AST、ALT水平比较无显著性差异(P>0.05);治疗后,观察组血清ALB水平高于对照组,血清AST、ALT水平低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组术后并发症发生率低于对照组(P<0.05);随访24个月,两组无瘤生存率及总生存率比较无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论:应用超声引导下经皮微波消融术治疗原发性小肝癌,有利于患者肝功能恢复,安全性较高,值得临床推广。     

超声造影辅助超声引导射频消融术治疗原发性肝癌疗效分析

目的探讨超声造影辅助经皮超声引导射频消融治疗原发性肝癌的临床应用价值。方法回顾性分析我院普外科接受超声引导下经皮射频消融术的194例原发性肝癌患者,共消融癌灶232个。将其中超声造影辅助超声引导肝癌射频消融术104例,癌灶128个,设为观察组;单纯超声引导肝癌射频消融术90例,癌灶104个,设为对照组。比较两组术后完全消融率、随访期总体生存率与无复发生存率、并发症发生情况以及影响术后总体生存率与无复发生存率的独立风险因素。结果观察组术后完全消融率以及随访期无复发生存率均高于对照组(P0.05);两组术后并发症的发生情况以及随访期总体生存率差异无统计学意义(P0.05);肿瘤大小为影响术后总体生存率及无复发生存率的独立危险因素[P=0.006,RR(95%CI):0.077～0.604],[P=0.028,RR(95%CI):0.020～0.1558]。结论超声造影辅助超声引导经皮射频消融术治疗原发性肝癌的疗效较好,可提高病灶的完全消融率及患者的无复发生存率,改善预后,提高患者生活质量,具有较高的临床应用价值。     

三维可视化平台下射频消融在治疗原发性肝癌中的应用及安全性评价

目的观察三维可视化平台下射频消融治疗原发性肝癌的疗效及安全性。方法选择2012年10月至2013年10月经病理诊断为原发性肝癌的患者56例为研究对象,随机将其分为A组和B组。所有患者均先进行肝动脉化疗栓塞治疗,于治疗后3~14 d内,A组28例患者在三维可视化平台下进行射频消融治疗,B组28例患者在超声引导下进行射频消融治疗,治疗后随访2~18个月,对两组患者的治疗效果和安全性进行评价。结果所有患者均顺利完成射频消融治疗,在肝癌肿瘤坏死方面,A组与B组比较差异无明显的统计学意义(P0.05)。两组治疗后6、12个月时间点患者生存率比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05),但治疗后18个月A组患者生存率显著高于B组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。A组患者严重并发症发生率明显低于B组,复发率明显低于B组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论在肝动脉化疗栓塞治疗的基础上,三维可视化平台下射频消融治疗原发性肝癌能明显提高患者的生存率,降低并发症的发生率和肝癌复发率。     

经皮射频消融与手术切除在治疗小肝癌中的临床效果比较

目的探讨经皮射频消融与手术切除在治疗小肝癌中的临床效果。方法选择经病理、影像学或甲胎蛋白检查确诊为小肝癌的患者101例,根据治疗方式分为射频消融组59例,手术切除组42例,根据随访情况,对比两组患者的生存率、复发率及并发症发生率情况。结果射频消融组患者1、2、3年生存率分别为96.61%、86.44%、62.71%,手术切除组患者1、2、3年生存率分别为92.86%、84.6%、61.90%,两组间生存率比较差异未见统计学意义(P0.05);在复发率方面,肿瘤直径≤3 cm时,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),而肿瘤直径为3~5 cm时,差异未见统计学意义(P0.05);射频消融组术后并发症发生率为11.86%,显著低于手术切除组的28.57%(P0.05)。结论经皮射频消融为临床治疗小肝癌提供了一种新的手段,治疗效果与手术切除差异未见统计学意义,针对肿瘤直径≤3 cm的小肝癌患者近期疗效优于手术切除,且并发症发生率低,值得临床推广使用。     

超声新技术辅助特殊部位小肝癌微波消融与手术切除的疗效对比研究

目的对特殊部位小肝癌行超声新技术(实时超声造影和融合影像导航)辅助下微波消融与手术切除治疗的疗效进行对比研究。方法分析34例行实时超声造影和融合影像导航辅助下微波消融治疗与36例行手术切除治疗的特殊部位小肝癌患者,比较两组患者的无瘤生存率及总生存率差异,并分析影响无瘤生存率及总生存率的相关因素。结果微波消融组与手术切除组的6、12、24、36个月无瘤生存率无明显差异;微波消融组与手术切除组的6、12、24、36个月总生存率无明显差异。结论特殊部位小肝癌在超声新技术辅助下行微波消融治疗可达到与手术切除相同的治疗效果,且并发症发生率较低,值得临床应用及推广。     

肝癌开腹射频消融术与常规肝癌开腹切除术后护理指标的对比研究

目的 观察肝癌开腹射频消融术(IRFA)与常规肝癌切除术后临床护理的异同点,以便进行针对性护理.方法 90例肝癌患者分2组,其中开腹射频消融术42例为观察组,常规肝癌切除48例为对照组;分别观察2组术后并发症情况及恢复情况并进行统计学比较.结果 肝癌开腹射频消融术较常规肝癌切除术并发症少、损伤小,恢复快,有显著性差异,除黄疸指数无显著性差异(P＞0.05)外,术后2组发热、出血、腹水、胸腔积液人数,下床、肛门排气、住院天数均有显著性差异(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),IRFA术也有不同的并发症即血红蛋白尿,临床医疗护理不能忽视.结论 肝癌开腹射频消融术拓宽了治疗肝癌的范围,其损伤小、并发症少、恢复快,但其并发症的观察还要不断总结.     

经皮射频消融术与腹腔镜切除术治疗小肝癌患者的疗效比较

目的 探讨腹腔镜切除术与经皮射频消融术治疗小肝癌(SHCC)对预后的影响。方法 选取2017年1月～2019年1月我院收治的82例SHCC患者临床资料,将采用经皮射频消融术治疗的40例患者归为A组,将采用腹腔镜切除术治疗的42例患者归为B组。比较两组肝功能、肿瘤标志物水平、并发症及复发情况。结果 术后1个月,两组丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)及门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)水平均低于术前,且A组低于B组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);术前及术后1个月,两组磷脂酰肌醇蛋白聚糖3(GPC3)、血清癌胚抗原(CEA)及甲胎蛋白(AFP)水平对比,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);两组术后1个月AFP、CEA、GPC3水平均低于术前,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);A组术后并发症发生率低于B患者采用腹腔镜切除术与经皮射频消融术治疗的效果及预后较为相似,而经皮射频消融术并发症少,但易损伤肝功能。     

高强度聚焦超声治疗原发性肝癌即时超声造影评价并指导补充治疗的疗效观察

目的 探讨高强度聚焦超声(HIFU)治疗原发性肝癌即时超声造影评价并指导补充治疗的临床应用价值.方法 55例原发性肝细胞癌患者(68个病灶)随机分为A、B两组,其中A组30例(38个病灶)治疗前及治疗后10 min进行超声造影检查,并对未完全灭活的病灶针对性地行HIFU补充治疗;B组25例(30个病灶)为对照组.观察治疗的安全性及治疗后两组患者临床症状、甲胎蛋白、影像学等各项指标的变化,并比较两组患者的远期疗效.结果 HIFU治疗后即时超声造影发现A组19个病灶未完全灭活并补充治疗.全部患者均无严重并发症出现.治疗后A、B两组患者甲胎蛋白值下降率分别为86.7%(26/30)、64.0%(16/25);肿瘤完全坏死率分别为97.3%(37/38)、60.0%(18/30);半年、1年生存率分别为100%、90.0%和76.0%、68.0%;两组差异均具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 HIFU治疗原发性肝癌即时超声造影评价并指导补充治疗有利于病灶的完全灭活,可以缓解症状,改善生活质量,延长生存期,具有较好的临床应用价值.     

超声造影评价特殊部位肝癌微波消融联合补充无水乙醇治疗的应用价值

目的探讨超声造影实时动态观察特殊部位肝癌微波消融联合无水乙醇治疗的应用价值。方法对45例特殊部位肝癌患者,共73个病灶,分为两组对比观察:微波消融组(A组)和微波消融+无水乙醇联合治疗组(B组)。A组共32个,其中邻近大血管或胆管处6个,靠近膈肌或肝包膜处16个,邻近周围重要器官处10个;B组共41个,其中邻近大血管或胆管处9个,靠近膈肌或肝包膜处19个,邻近周围重要器官处13个;每组分别行超声造影检查,同期行增强MRI进行比较。结果 (1)超声造影检查发现A组完全消融22个,未完全消融10个,完全消融率为68%;B组完全消融37个,未完全消融4个,完全消融率为90%。(2)增强MRI检查发现A组完全消融20个,未完全消融12个,完全消融率为62%;B组完全消融35个,未完全消融6个,完全消融率为85%。(3)A组与B组分布部位差异无统计学意义(P0.05),超声造影发现B组疗效优于A组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);超声造影与增强MRI间比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论微波消融联合无水乙醇治疗特殊部位肝癌有较好的疗效,超声造影能实时动态观察肝癌血流灌注情况,对特殊部位肝癌治疗有重要的临床指导意义。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.     

Evidence-Based Pain Management and Palliative Care in Issue Four for 2009 of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly. Issue 4 for 2009 contains 4027 complete reviews, 1906 protocols for reviews in production, and 11447 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 600,000 randomized controlled trials, and 12,200 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 7500 citations. This edition of the Library contains 90 new reviews, of which 19 have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Wie zuverlässig sind Angaben zu nichtentzündlichen ausgedehnten Schmerzen?

ZusammenfassungFragestellung Es wurde geprüft, wie sich der Differenziertheitsgrad zweier Schmerzmessmethoden auf Angaben zur Ausgedehntheit klinischer Schmerzen auswirkt. Zugleich wurde der Referenzzeitraum variiert, über den die Patienten berichten sollten.Methode Erfasst wurde der Einfluss zu Lasten der Befragungsdifferenziertheit durch den Vergleich zweier Körperschema-Bildvorlagen. Drei Referenzzeiträume (Schmerz aktuell, letzte Woche, letztes halbes Jahr) wurden vorgegeben.Ergebnisse Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen gaben bei differenzierter Befragung um so mehr Schmerzen an, je weiter die Schmerzen zurück lagen und je größer der Berichtszeitraum war. Patienten mit gelenknahen Schmerzen gaben bei hoch differenzierter Befragung weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen in der Vergangenheit an als bei globaler Einschätzung. Patienten mit Rückenschmerzen berichteten bei differenzierter Befragung zum aktuellen Schmerz über weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen als bei globaler Befragung.Schlussfolgerung Die Angaben zur Schmerzausdehnung variieren vor allem bei Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen in Abhängigkeit von der Differenziertheit der Befragung. In diesen Fällen ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit erhöht, dass sich die Beschwerdesymptomatik zumindest teilweise erst in der Reaktion auf die situativen Befragungsbedingungen konstituiert und daher nicht auf andere Befragungsbedingungen generalisiert werden kann.