颈椎射频消融术后颈椎感染的翻修手术治疗

目的 :分析颈椎射频消融术后颈椎感染的翻修手术效果。方法 :回顾性分析2010年7月~2016年7月在我科接受翻修手术的9例颈椎射频消融术后颈椎感染患者资料。其中男5例,女4例,年龄51.8±4.3岁(34~61岁),均在接受颈椎射频消融术后1周内(3~7d)神经症状再次出现或加重,其中5例患者神经症状加重程度超过射频消融术前,影像学检查和实验室检查提示存在颈椎感染,9例均存在椎间隙感染,3例伴有硬膜外脓肿,1例伴有椎体感染。入院后行翻修手术治疗,均行颈椎前路病灶清除+植骨融合内固定术,其中3例行椎体次全切除植骨融合内固定术,6例行椎间盘切除植骨融合内固定术。测量评估射频消融术前患者手术节段椎间隙的高度和椎间盘退变情况,用VAS评分评估患者翻修手术前后的颈部及上肢疼痛情况,用JOA评分评估翻修手术前后的神经功能情况。结果:射频消融术前,接受射频消融的11个节段椎间隙相对高度为0.19±0.07(0.14~0.25),Pfirrmann椎间盘退变分级为Ⅲ级4个节段、Ⅳ级7个节段。翻修术后所有患者颈部及上肢疼痛VAS评分及神经功能JOA评分较翻修术前明显改善(P0.05)。平均随访2.8年(1~3.6年)。末次随访时,患者颈部及上肢VAS评分由翻修术前的6.3±1.2分和5.8±2.1分改善到1.6±1.0分和1.5±0.9分(P0.05);JOA评分从翻修术前的9.5±3.8分改善到13.5±3.6分(P0.05)。随访期间未出现植骨不融合等其他并发症。结论:颈椎翻修手术是处理颈椎射频消融术后严重颈椎感染的有效方法。严格控制颈椎射频消融术适应证可以有效减少并发症发生。     

颈椎前路术后吞咽困难的相关因素分析

目的:探讨颈椎前路手术后发生吞咽困难的相关因素。方法:随访2008年8月～2010年7月收治的颈椎前路手术患者135例,其中男82例,女53例;年龄32～80岁,平均58.2岁;诊断为脊髓型颈椎病58例,神经根型颈椎病32例,混合型颈椎病18例,后纵韧带骨化症27例。入院后均由同一组医师治疗,手术方式分为颈椎前路减压融合术(ACDF)、颈椎前路次全切减压融合术(ACCF)和人工颈椎间盘置换术(TDR)。观察患者手术后是否存在吞咽困难:对于存在吞咽困难的患者均静脉应用甲泼尼松龙及对症治疗。结果:术后共有36例(26.7%)患者出现吞咽困难,男11例,女25例,年龄42～80岁,平均59.6岁;其余99例,年龄32~76岁,平均52.3岁,发生吞咽困难者平均年龄显著高于未发生者(P<0.05)。发生吞咽困难患者中使用钛板内固定35例,其中单节段2例(9.1%),双节段13例(21.0%),多节段(包括三节段及三节段以上者)20例(52.6%);颈椎人工椎间盘置换者1例;术后吞咽困难发生率使用内固定者较人工椎间盘置换者高(P<0.05),多节段内固定者较单、双节段者明显升高(P<0.05)。手术最高节段累及C2或C3者23例,术后吞咽困难发生率26.1%;累及C4或C5者88例,发生率28.4%;累及C6或C7者24例,发生率20.1%,三组两两比较无统计学差异(P>0.05)。吞咽困难者的手术时间、失血量及住院天数与未发生吞咽困难者比较均无统计学差异(P>0.05)。35例(97.2%)患者的吞咽困难症状在术后6个月内减轻或消失,1例至随访1年时症状才消失。结论:女性、高龄、使用钛板内置物、手术节段多可能是颈椎前路手术后发生吞咽困难的相关因素,临床医生应给予相应重视和采取相应措施以减少其发生。     

Pharyngocutaneous fistula after anterior cervical spine surgery

Pharyngocutaneous fistulae are rare complications of anterior spine surgery occurring in less than 0.1% of all anterior surgery cases. We report a case of a 19 year old female who sustained a C6 burst fracture with complete quadriplegia. She was treated urgently with a C6 corpectomy with anterior cage and plating followed by posterior cervical stabilization at another institution. Post operatively she developed a pharyngocutaneous fistula that failed to heal despite several attempts of closure and esophageal exclusion with a Jpeg tube. The patient was eventually successfully treated with a three-stage procedure consisting of firstly a posterior approach to reinforce the posterior stabilization of the cervical spine that was felt to be inadequate, secondly an anterior approach with removal of all the anterior instrumentation followed by iliac crest bone graft and thirdly a superior based sternocleidomastoid flap that was interposed between the esophagus and the anterior cervical spine. The patient's fistula healed successfully. However, yet asymptomatic, the anterior iliac crest bone graft resorbed almost completely at 16 months follow up. In light of this complication, we discuss the surgical options for the treatment of pharyngocutaneous fistulae and the closure of this fistula using a superiorly based sternocleidomastoid muscle flap.     

多模式神经电生理监测在颈椎前路手术中的预警意义

目的:探讨多模式神经电生理监测在颈椎前路手术中的预警意义。方法:2014年9月~2015年4月对53例行颈椎前路手术的颈椎病患者术中进行多模式神经电生理监测(A组),选取60例年龄、性别、病变节段和手术方式匹配但未进行神经电生理监测的颈椎前路手术患者作为对照(B组)。比较两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、神经根型颈椎病患者手术前后颈痛及上肢疼痛视觉模拟评分法(visual analogue scales,VAS)评分、颈部功能障碍指数(neck disability index,NDI)、脊髓型颈椎病患者术后JOA评分改善率和并发症的发生情况,分析A组病例中术中预警的类型和原因,以及与术前诊断、手术方式和手术节段之间的关系。结果:A组患者的手术时间为1.3±0.5h(0.8~2.1h),术中出血量为390±236ml(120~600ml),B组患者的手术时间为1.2±0.7h(0.6~2.4h),术中出血量为346±293ml(105~610ml),两组比较均无统计学差异(P0.05)。A、B两组神经根型颈椎病患者术前、术后的颈部和上肢VAS评分均无显著性差异(6.5±1.6 vs.6.8±1.4,7.6±2.4 vs.7.4±2.7,3.8±1.2vs.3.6±1.6,3.3±1.4 vs.3.9±1.8,P0.05),A组神经根型颈椎病患者术后NDI和脊髓型颈椎病患者JOA评分改善率明显优于B组[(19.2±7.1 vs 22.1±5.6,(84.1±10.3)%vs(73.3±9.2)%;P0.05]。在A组病例中,颈椎前路椎体次全切椎间融合手术较颈前路椎间盘切除椎间融合术的术中监测"严重预警"发生率更高(P0.05),但两种手术方式的"次要预警"发生率无显著性差异(P0.05);脊髓型颈椎病与神经根型颈椎病之间、单节段手术与双节段手术之间的术中监测"严重预警"和"次要预警"发生率均无统计学差异(P0.05)。结论:多模式神经电生理监测在颈椎前路手术中能及时预警神经损伤,可有效提高手术的安全性和临床疗效。     

Endplate abnormalities,Modic changes and their relationship to alignment parameters and surgical outcomes in the cervical spine

Modic changes (MC) and endplate abnormalities (EA) have been shown to impact preoperative symptoms and outcomes following spinal surgery. However, little is known about how these phenotypes impact cervical alignment. This study aimed to evaluate the impact that these phenotypes have on preoperative, postoperative, and changes in cervical alignment in patients undergoing anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF). We performed a retrospective study of prospectively collected data of ACDF patients at a single institution. Preoperative magnetic resonance imagings (MRIs) were used to assess for the MC and EA. Patients were subdivided into four groups: MC-only, EA-only, the combined Modic-Endplate-Complex (MEC), and patients without either phenotype. Pre and postoperative MRIs were used to assess alignment parameters. Associations with imaging phenotypes and alignment parameters were assessed, and statistical significance was set at p < 0.5. A total of 512 patients were included, with 84 MC-only patients, 166 EA-only patients, and 71 patients with MEC. Preoperative MC (p = 0.031) and the MEC (p = 0.039) had significantly lower preoperative T1 slope compared to controls. Lower preoperative T1 slope was a risk factor for MC (p = 0.020) and MEC (p = 0.029) and presence of MC (Type II) and the MEC (Type III) was predictive of lower preoperative T1 slope. There were no differences in postoperative alignment measures or patient reported outcome measures. MC and endplate pathologies such as the MEC appear to be associated with worse cervical alignment at baseline relative to patients without these phenotypes. Poor alignment may be an adaptive response to these degenerative findings or may be a risk factor for their development.     

后路寰枢椎融合术后颈椎矢状面参数变化及相关因素分析

目的:测量后路寰枢椎融合手术对颈椎矢状面参数的变化,并对其相关影响因素进行评估。方法:回顾性研究2015年1月～2017年12月收治的寰枢椎脱位病例18例,男8例,女10例,年龄25～72岁,平均49.6±13.7岁。所有寰枢椎脱位患者均行单纯后路复位C1～C2固定融合术,随访时间为5～17个月,平均7.4±3.7个月。测量患者术前和末次随访时的枕颈角(C0～C2角)、下颈椎前凸角(C2～C7角)、颈椎前凸角(C0～C7角)、颈椎矢状面轴向垂直距离(C2-C7 sagittal vertical axis,C2-C7 SVA)、C1～C2角、T1倾斜角(T1 slope,T1S)、颈部倾斜角(neck tilt,NT)和胸廓入口角(thoracic inlet angle,TIA)等颈椎矢状面参数。在末次随访时,术后C2～C7角比术前减小的病例归为下颈椎前凸曲度减小组(5例),而术后C2～C7角比术前增加或不变的病例纳入下颈椎前凸曲度增加组(13例)。采用卡方检验做下颈椎前凸曲度减小与性别、年龄(以60岁为界限)、术前T1S(以25°为界限)、术前C2-C7 SVA(以15mm为界限)、术前TIA(以70°为界限)、术前C2-C7角(以20°为界限)、术前C0-C2角(以20°为界限)、术前C0-C7角(以45°为界限)和术后C1-C2角(以20°为界限)等临床因素相关性的单因素分析。采用Logistic回归对术后下颈椎前凸曲度减小的相关因素进行多因素分析。结果:所有患者术前和末次随访时的C0～C2角分别为21.6°±16.4°和28.3°±8.6°、C2～C7角分别为15.3°±12.9°和16.4°±11.1°、C0～C7角分别为36.8°±19.7°和44.9°±13.2°、C1～C2角分别为12.4°±17.6°和17.5°±7.3°、C2～C7 SVA分别为13.4±14.7mm和15.1±11.7mm、T1S分别为22.8°±8.2°和23.5°±7.3°、NT分别为50.8°±9.5°和51.9°±8.9°、TIA分别为73.6°±11.1°和75.4°±10.0°,以上这些颈椎矢状面参数在术前与末次随访的比较均无显著性差异(P0.05)。对两组患者术前和末次随访的颈椎矢状面参数进行比较,前凸减小组的术前C2～C7角明显大于前凸增加组(27.6°±10.5°vs 10.5°±10.5°,P0.05),余参数比较无统计学差异。单因素卡方分析显示术后下颈椎前凸曲度减小与术前C2～C7角≥20°有关(χ~2=4.923,P=0.026),多因素Logistic回归分析显示术前C2～C7角≥20°并不是独立危险因素(OR=0.147,P=0.225)。结论:后路寰枢椎融合术后有可能发生下颈椎前凸曲度减小,而术前C2-C7角≥20°是术后下颈椎前凸曲度减小的危险因素。     

Effect of the upper instrumented vertebral level (upper vs. lower thoracic spine) on gait ability after corrective surgery for adult spinal deformity

Background Context

The relationship between gait pattern and the level of upper instrumented vertebra (UIV) in surgically treated patients with adult spinal deformity (ASD) has not been fully documented.

Analysis of the cervical spine sagittal alignment in young idiopathic scoliosis: a morphological classification of 120 cases

Purpose

To analyze the relationship between the cervical spine and global spinal-pelvic alignment in young patients with idiopathic scoliosis based on a morphological classification, and to postulate the hypothesis that cervical kyphosis is a part of cervico-thoracic kyphosis in them.

Methods

120 young patients with idiopathic scoliosis were recruited retrospectively between 2006 and 2011. The following values were measured and calculated: cervical angles (CA), cervico-thoracic angles (CTA), pelvic incidence (PI), pelvic tilt (PT), sacral slope (SS), spinal sacral angle (SSA), hip to C7/hip to sacrum, thoracic kyphosis (TK), lumbar lordosis (LL), Roussouly sagittal classification, Lenke Type Curve and Lumbar Modifier. The cervical curves were classified as lordosis, straight, sigmoid and kyphosis. They were categorized into four groups as cervical non-kyphosis group (CNK Group), cervical kyphosis group (CK Group), cervical-middle-thoracic kyphosis group (CMTK Group), and cervical-lower-thoracic kyphosis group (CLTK Group) according to their morphological characters of sagittal alignments. All parameters were compared and analyzed among groups.

Results

The incidence of cervical kyphosis was 40 % (48/120). The CA and the CTA were in significant correlation (r = 0.854, P = 0.00). The cervical spine alignments were revealed to be significantly different among groups (r = 85.04, P = 0.00). Significant differences among groups in CA, CTA and TK were also detected. A strong correlation between the group type and Lenke Lumbar Modifier was still seen (P < 0.05). Fisher’s exact test revealed that the individual vertebral body kyphosis and wedging were directly related to the overall cervical kyphosis (P = 0.00, respectively).

Conclusion

The cervical kyphosis is correlated with global sagittal alignment, and is a part of cervico-thoracic sagittal deformity in young patients with idiopathic scoliosis. Despite the deformity in cervical alignment, the global spine could still be well-balanced with spontaneous adjustment. The correlation between our grouping based on the morphological characteristics of the sagittal alignments and Lenke Lumbar Modifier suggests that the coupled motion principle be appropriate to explain the modifications both in coronal and sagittal planes.     

Lenke 5型青少年特发性脊柱侧凸患者后路矫形术后颈椎矢状位曲度的改变

目的 :分析Lenke 5型青少年特发性脊柱侧凸(AIS)患者颈椎矢状位曲度(CSA)在后路矫形术后改变的特点。方法:回顾性分析2011年7月～2017年7月解放军总医院脊柱外科收治的43例Lenke 5型AIS患者的临床资料。在术前、术后及末次随访时的X线片上测量颈椎前凸角(CL)、胸椎后凸角(TK)、胸腰段后凸角(TLK)、腰椎前凸角(LL)、融合节段内腰椎前凸角(LIF)、C7矢状位垂直距离(SVA)。同时统计患者的基本资料,包括性别、年龄、Risser征、随访时间、融合节段椎体数目(NVF)及术前胸腰段/腰弯(TL/L Curve,TL/L C)。依据患者术前CSA分为颈椎前凸组(L组,术前CL0°)、颈椎后凸组(K组,术前CL≥0°);依据患者末次随访时CSA较术前的改变分为颈椎前凸增加组(I组)与颈椎前凸减少组(D组)。使用t检验分析L组与K组、I组与D组对应参数的差异性,使用LSD-t检验分析各组内术前、术后、末次随访时参数的差异。使用Pearson相关性检验分析CL与I组和D组各参数的相关性。检验水准为双侧α=0.05。结果:43例患者中男10例,女33例;年龄15.90±4.98岁,随访时间22.84±14.10个月。L组15例,K组17例;I组26例,D组17例。L组与K组、I组与D组的基本资料无显著性差异。所有患者末次随访时TK较术前增加(P=0.000);术后TLK与术前比较有显著性差异(P=0.000);CL在术前、术后及末次随访时无统计学差异。L组与K组术前CL(P=0.000)、LIF(P=0.029)、SVA(P=0.003)差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。K组末次随访时CL较术前改善(P=0.025),TK较术前增加(P=0.000);术后TLK较术前减小(P=0.002)并维持至末次随访(P=0.002)。I组与D组术前LL(P=0.043)、CL(P=0.009)有显著性差异(P0.05)。I组末次随访时CL较术前改善(P=0.008),TK较术前(P=0.000)及术后(P=0.001)增加;术后TLK较术前减小(P=0.005)并维持到末次随访时(P=0.006)。D组术后LL较术前增加(P=0.011)并维持到末次随访(P=0.001)。I组术前CL与TK、SVA有相关性;D组CL术前与LL、SVA,术后与TLK、SVA,末次随访时与TLK有相关性。结论:术前颈椎后凸的患者较颈椎前凸的患者在术后CSA的改善更为明显;随访中TK增加、术后TLK改善可能有助于CSA的改善;术后只有LL增加而无TK、TLK的改变则可能不会引起CSA改善。     

Endoscopic surgery on the thoracolumbar junction of the spine

The thoracolumbar junction is the section of the truncal spine most often affected by injuries. Acute instability with structural damage to the anterior load-bearing spinal column and post-traumatic deformity represents the most frequent indications for surgery. In the past few years, endoscopic techniques for these indications have partially superseded the open procedures, which are associated with high access morbidity. The particular position of this section of the spine, which lies in the transition area between the thoracic and abdominal cavities, makes it necessary in most cases to partially detach the diaphragm endoscopically in order to expose the surgical site, and this also provides access to the retroperitoneal section of the thoracolumbar junction. A now standardised operating technique, instruments and implants specially developed for the endoscopic procedure, from angle stable plate and screw implants to endoscopically implantable vertebral body replacements, have gradually opened up the entire spectrum of anterior spine surgery to endoscopic techniques.     

Esophagus perforation complicating anterior cervical spine surgery

Purpose  

To study the diagnosis and treatment strategy of esophagus perforation complicating anterior cervical spine surgery.     

可视喉罩CTrach在颈椎手术中的临床应用研究

目的评估新型可视喉罩CTrach在颈椎病手术中的应用价值。方法80例颈椎手术行全身麻醉者采用CTrach喉罩系统置入通气，并引导气管插管，记录喉罩置入所需时间、喉罩通气的成功率、气管导管首次插入的成功率、总的成功率、喉罩直视下声门显露的比率以及从喉罩置入到气管导管成功插入所需的时间。结果所有患者均可置入喉罩，其中2例通气效果不满意；喉罩通气满意者78例中有5例首次插管未成功。除2例喉罩通气效果不满意和3例3次试插未成功外，其余75例最后都可以在CTrach喉罩引导下完成气管导管的插入，从开始操作到完成置入气管导管的平均时间为192s（156—273s）。结论CTrach喉罩系统可以在直视下进行调整，暴露喉头的位置，提高插管的成功率，避免一些不必要的损伤，在颈椎手术的气道管理中具有一定的应用价值。     

早期手术治疗急性颈脊髓损伤

目的 探讨早期手术治疗急性严重颈脊髓损伤的临床效果。方法 自1999～2002年对24例急性颈脊髓损伤的患者进行早期手术治疗，受伤到手术的平均时间为67h，手术方式包括颈椎前路手术、后路手术及前后路联合手术，对损伤的颈椎节段实施复位、减压、固定和融合。结果 22例获得12．38个月(平均18个月)的随访，除11例全瘫者中的2例无恢复外，其他病例均有不同程度的恢复，ASIA分级平均提高1．8个等级，无并发症发生。结论 对急性严重颈脊髓损伤，早期实施手术治疗可取得满意的治疗效果。     

Screening cervical spine MRI after normal cervical spine CT scans in patients in whom cervical spine injury cannot be excluded by physical examination

Background

Cervical spine injuries can occur in as many as 10% of patients with blunt trauma with mental status changes from closed head injuries. Despite normal results on cervical spine computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is often recommended to exclude ligamentous or soft tissue injury.

Methods

A retrospective review was conducted of trauma patients admitted to a level I trauma center from 2002 to 2006, in whom cervical spine injuries could not be excluded by physical examination. All patients with normal results on cervical spine CT followed by cervical spine MRI were included in the analysis.

Results

One hundred twenty patients underwent MRI to examine their cervical spines. Seven patients had abnormal MRI findings suggestive of acute traumatic injury. No MRI studies led to operative intervention. Screening MRI increased from 1% of comatose patients in 2002 to 18% in 2006.

Conclusions

The use of MRI in patients with normal results on cervical spine CT does not appear to alter treatment.     

Osteochondromas of the cervical spine in atypical location

In the current article we review the available English literature by pubmed search engine on the topic of osteochondromas and their location in the cervical spine. The focus is to investigate the location of the lesions in cervical spine and to analyze clinical presentations and symptoms of patients, the aetiology and histopathology examination of the masses. In addition we report a rare illustrative case of a 62 year-old man with an osteochondroma of the cervical spine. The mass developed at a very slow rate for many years and produced no clinical symptoms. The location of the extradural mass in the right atlanto-axial joint of C1 and C2 is extremely rare and was not been reported so far. After preoperative CT- and MRI-imaging the entire mass could be removed.     

寰枢关节不稳或脱位患者上颈椎曲度改变对下颈椎的影响

目的:探讨寰枢关节不稳或脱位患者上颈椎的曲度变化对下颈椎力线和退变的影响.方法:在148例寰枢关节不稳定或脱位患者的颈椎中立位X线片上测量CO-1、C1-2、CO-2及C2-7角度,评估颈椎间盘的退变程度.分析上、下颈椎曲度之间以及颈椎曲度与年龄、病程之间的相关性,观察不同年龄组上颈椎曲度对下颈椎椎间盘退行变的影响.结果:CO-1角度为-22.9°18.6°(n=88);CI-2角度为-31.7°～39.1°(n=88);CO-2角度为-35.2°～44.8°(n=148);C2-7角度为-17.4°77.8.(n=148).C1-2和C2-7角度之间、C0-2与C2-7角度间、C0-1与C1-2角度之间存在显著负相关性.上、下颈椎曲度与病程、年龄无相关性.30～39岁组、40～49岁组及50～59岁组C5/6椎间盘退变、60岁以上组C2/3椎间盘退变与上颈椎角度(C0-2角度)之间存在显著负相关.结论:上、下颈椎曲度间存在密切关系,寰椎前脱位可导致下颈椎出现代偿性过度前凸,即鹅颈畸形,鹅颈畸形可能加速下颈椎的退变进程.     

脊柱后路去松质骨截骨术用于脊柱畸形翻修手术的安全性和有效性

目的 :探讨脊柱后路去松质骨截骨术(vertebral column decancellation,VCD)应用于脊柱畸形翻修手术中的安全性和有效性。方法:回顾性分析2010年1月~2012年1月在我院接受脊柱畸形翻修手术的20例患者的临床资料,年龄17~58岁(34.5±11.6岁),男12例,女8例。强直性脊柱炎后凸畸形6例,先天性半椎体后凸畸形4例,结核性脊柱侧后凸畸形4例,先天性侧后凸畸形3例,青少年特发性脊柱侧凸3例。翻修手术距初次手术时间为5.6±3.3年(1~16年)。翻修术前10例冠状面失衡患者冠状面Cobb角45°~85°(64.2°±15.6°),17例矢状面失衡患者矢状面畸形后凸Cobb角75°~110°(92.7°±9.7°)。均在插管全麻下行VCD进行畸形矫正。记录患者翻修手术时间、术中出血量及围手术期并发症等一般情况。所有患者翻修术前、术后1周及末次随访均拍摄包括骨盆的站立位脊柱全长正侧位X线片,测量脊柱矢状面、冠状面Cobb角,冠状位顶椎偏移距离、双肩相对高度差,矢状面偏移距离、矢状位腰前凸角、胸腰段后凸角、骨盆倾斜角、骨盆入射角及骶骨倾斜角。采用SRS-22调查表评估患者术前及术后6个月生存质量。结果 :均顺利完成手术,平均截骨椎体数量1.5±0.6个(1~2个)。手术时间为4~6.5h(5.3±0.7h),术中出血量为600~1300ml(830.0±150.5ml)。所有患者术中脊髓监测未发现在复位过程中有体感诱发电位(SEP)及运动诱发电位(MEP)异常变化,术中唤醒试验患者下肢运动感觉功能正常。术后切口均Ⅰ期愈合。3例发生脑脊液漏,2例后凸畸形患者术后并发肠系膜上动脉综合征,围手术期未发生感染、呼吸衰竭、下肢深静脉血栓等其他并发症。住院时间13.9±2.4d。随访时间18~40个月(27.6±2.8个月),随访期间未出现内固定棒断裂、螺钉松动及深部感染等并发症。冠状面和矢状面畸形获得良好矫正,术后1周冠状面和矢状面Cobb角分别矫正至15.7°±4.9°、28.7°±8.7°。术后1周脊柱冠状面和矢状面Cobb角、顶椎偏移距离及双肩相对高度差、矢状面偏移距离与翻修术前比较均明显变小(P0.05),末次随访时与术后1周比较无统计学差异(P0.05);脊柱-骨盆矢状面参数除骨盆入射角与术前比较无统计学差异(P0.05)外,腰前凸角、胸腰段后凸角、骨盆倾斜角及骶骨倾斜角与术前比较均有明显改善(P0.05)。术后1周冠状面Cobb角矫正率为(75.5±4.5)%,矢状面Cobb角矫正率为(63.5±5.7)%;末次随访时与术后1周比较,冠状面矫形丢失率为26.5%,矢状面矫形丢失率为34.1%。翻修术后6个月SRS-22量表功能、疼痛、外观、精神健康、满意度评分与翻修术前比较均明显增加(P0.05)。结论:VCD在脊柱畸形翻修手术中可重新恢复脊柱矢状面、冠状面的平衡和稳定,尤其在脊柱矢状面平衡的恢复中有良好的效果,同时可避免脊髓过度短缩、神经卡压等并发症,是一种较安全有效的补救措施。     

颈椎前路手术对脊髓型颈椎病患者椎间盘组织中炎性细胞因子的影响

目的 探讨颈椎前路手术对脊髓型颈椎病(CSM)患者椎间盘组织中炎性细胞因子的影响.方法 35例脊髓型颈椎病患者(CSM组)和30例颈椎外伤患者(对照组)均行颈椎前路手术治疗,观察治疗效果.采用固相分离放射免疫分析法(SPRIA)测定两组颈椎间盘组织中白细胞介素(IL)-6、IL-8、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)－α水平.结果病程≤6个月组优良率为81.8％,病程＞6个月组优良率为38.5％,两组优良率比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);CSM患者术前JOA评分为(9.73±2.12)分,术后JOA评分为(14.21±2.52)分,术后JOA评分显著高于术前(P＜0.05);CSM组颈椎间盘中IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α水平均显著高于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 颈椎前路手术是治疗CSM的一种较有效手术方法;IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α在颈椎间盘退变和CSM发病中起重要作用.     

Postoperative complications in adult spinal deformity patients with a mental illness undergoing reconstructive thoracic or thoracolumbar spine surgery

BACKGROUND CONTEXT

Previous studies have found an association between mental illness and poor outcomes in spine surgery, but little is known about the effects of depression and/or anxiety on the adult spinal deformity population. In addition, most relevant studies exclusively focused on the lumbar spine and had relatively small patient sizes.

Evolution of patient-reported outcome measures, 1, 2, and 5 years after surgery for subaxial cervical spine fractures,a nation-wide registry study

BACKGROUND CONTEXTA longer duration of patient follow up arguably provides more reliable data on the long-term effects of a treatment. However, the collection of long-term follow up data is resource demanding and often complicated by missing data and patients being lost to follow up. In surgical fixation for cervical spine fractures, data are lacking on the evolution of patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) beyond 1-year of follow up. We hypothesized that the PROMs would remain stable beyond the 1-year postoperative follow up mark, regardless of the surgical approach.PURPOSETo assess the trends in the evolution of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) at 1, 2-, and 5-years following surgery in patients with traumatic cervical spine injuries.STUDY DESIGNNation-wide observational study on prospectively collected data.PATIENT SAMPLEIndividuals treated for subaxial cervical spine fractures with anterior, posterior, or combined anteroposterior approaches, between 2006 and 2016 were identified in the Swedish Spine Registry (Swespine).OUTCOME MEASURESPROMs consisting of EQ-5D-3L_index and the Neck Disability Index (NDI) were considered.METHODSPROMs data were available for 292 patients at 1 and 2 years postoperatively. Five-years PROMs data were available for 142 of these patients. A simultaneous within-group (longitudinal) and between group (approach-dependent) analysis was performed using mixed ANOVA. The predictive ability of 1-year PROMs was subsequently assessed using linear regression.RESULTSMixed ANOVA revealed that PROMs remained stable from 1- to 2-years as well as from 2- to 5-years postoperatively and were not significantly affected by the surgical approach (p<0.05). A strong correlation was found between 1-year and both 2- and 5-years PROMs (R>0.7; p<0.001). Linear regression confirmed the accuracy of 1-year PROMs in predicting both 2- and 5-years PROMs (p<0.001).CONCLUSIONPROMs remained stable beyond 1-year of follow up in patients treated with anterior, posterior, or combined anteroposterior surgeries for subaxial cervical spine fractures. The 1-year PROMs were strong predictors of PROMs measured at 2, and 5 years. The 1-year PROMs were sufficient to assess the outcomes of subaxial cervical fixation irrespective of the surgical approach.