Association between first airborne cedar pollen level peak and pollinosis symptom onset: a web-based survey

Cedar pollinosis in Japan affects nearly 25?% of Japanese citizens. To develop a treatment for cedar pollinosis, it is necessary to understand the relationship between the time of its occurrence and the amount of airborne cedar pollen. In the spring of 2009, we conducted daily Internet-based epidemiologic surveys, which included 1453 individuals. We examined the relationship between initial date of onset of pollinosis symptoms and daily amount of airborne cedar pollen to which subjects were exposed. Approximately 35.2?% of the subjects experienced the onset of pollinosis during a one-week interval in which the middle day coincided with the peak pollen count. The odds ratio for this one-week time interval was 4.03 (95?% confidence interval: 3.34–4.86). The predicted date of the cedar pollen peak can be used to determine the appropriate date for initiation of self-medication with anti-allergy drugs and thus avoid development of sustained and severe pollinosis.     

Does change of residence affect pollinosis? A study of Japanese university students

The effects of change of residence on pollinosis symptoms remain unclear. We investigated the effects of geographical change of residence on pollinosis symptoms among university freshmen. All freshmen (n = 2142) entering Shinshu University in 2011 completed self-administered questionnaires. Associations between history of pollinosis and environmental factors were assessed. Subjects were classified into three groups according to pollen count at previous residences (stationary, low pollen, and high pollen). Pollinosis both before and after relocation were compared among and within the groups. Of the 1558 subjects, 540 (34.7%) developed pollinosis before and 483 (31.0%) after entering university. The rates of pre- and post-university entrance pollinosis were 40.0 and 32.5% in the high pollen group (P < 0.001) but were similar in the other two groups. Pollinosis symptoms decreased among students that moved from high to low pollen areas, indicating that pollinosis was affected by geographic environmental factors.     

青岛地区2010年与1985年豚草花粉的调查对比分析

目的 调查青岛地区2010年豚草花粉含量、分布及飘散规律,并与1985年调查进行对比分析,为豚草花粉症的防治提供依据.方法 采用 Durham 重力沉降法,于2010年3月1日至2011年2月28日进行逐日花粉空气曝片,并结合野外调查法,查明豚草的分布情况.结果 2010年豚草花粉含量为 175粒,占全年花粉总量的4.36%,比1985年下降了76.67%.结论 经过25年的综合治理,豚草花粉的分布和含量明显下降,但它仍是青岛地区秋季主要致敏花粉,是引起花粉症的主要病因.     

北京市15岁以上居民花粉症的电话调查

目的研究2005年北京市15岁以上居民的花粉症发病情况。方法于2005年11月—2006年9月,通过随机抽样的方法,对北京市各区县的4132户家庭的10966例15～75岁居民(包括接电话者及其主要家庭成员)进行电话调查。调查内容包括过敏史、致敏原、花粉过敏发生时间、花粉症诊断情况等。结果被调查家庭的电话应答率为67.2%(4132/6150),花粉症发病率为2.51%(275/10966)。男性和女性花粉症发病率分别为1.63%(105/6463)和3.73%(167/4482),差异有统计学意义(χ2=47.716,P<0.01)。随着年龄增长,花粉症发病率下降(经趋势检验,χ2=3.880,P<0.05)。花粉症发病高峰为4月。结论电话调查获得资料可以反映北京市成年居民花粉症发病情况,其发病率为2.51%(275/10966)。北京市花粉过敏症的高峰季节是春季。     

大气污染对变应性疾病及花粉症就诊人次的影响

目的 研究大气污染物浓度对医院变应性疾病和花粉症日就诊人次的影响.方法 收集2004年4-9月北京市8个国家监测点大气污染物[SO2、NO2、可吸入颗粒物(PM10)]浓度、4个观测点花粉日监测数据、气象资料及北京世纪坛医院变态反应科同时段变应性疾病和花粉症日就诊人次资料,应用时间序列分析的广义相加泊松回归模型进行定量分析,并考虑滞后效应和多种空气污染物的影响.结果 研究期间大气SO2、NO2、PM10日均浓度分别为(20.9±12.9)、(58.6±13.6)、(126.8 ±64.1)μg/m3,花粉日均浓度为(163.8±209.0)粒/1000 mm2,变应性疾病日就诊(16.3±5.3)人次,花粉症日就诊(3.5±5.0)人次.时间序列分析显示,花粉浓度每升高100粒/1000 mm2,第2天的变应性疾病日就诊人次增加2.44%(95%CI:0.75%～4.13%),当天的花粉症日就诊人次增加6.58%(95%CI:3.82%～9.34%).而大气污染物(NO2、SO2和PM10)对变应性疾病和花粉症日就诊人次的影响呈现明显的滞后效应:NO2每升高10 μg/m3,滞后6 d的变应性疾病日就诊人次增加3.14%(95%CI:0.42%～5.85%);S02滞后1 d、NO2滞后6 d、PM10滞后3 d对花粉症日就诊人次影响较大,但差异均无统计学意义[RR值(95%CI值)分别为1.0460(0.9640～1.1280)、1.0325(0.9633～1.1017)、1.0079(0.9942～1.0217)].将4种大气污染物同时引入模型分析时,其效应稍微增强:花粉浓度每升高100粒/1000 mm2,变应性疾病日就诊人次增加2.56%(95%CI:0.80%～4.31%),花粉症日就诊人次增加6.81%(95%CI:3.91%～9.71%).结论 影响变应性疾病和花粉症日就诊人次的环境因素主要为空气花粉浓度,大气污染物的作用不大.     

青岛地区空气中豚草等常见花粉及其致敏性的调查

A survey of the distribution of ragweed in Qingdao district was carried out. Ambrosia-artemisifolia has been found to be widespread in many areas. The results of the survey showed that ragweed pollen was the chief allergen of the district and that it was 18%-21.3% of total air-borne pollen in a year. Skin tests with Ambrosia allergen extracts showed a positive rate of 67.7% in 624 cases of pollinosis. Ragweed pollens have become the major allergic pollen, causing important pathogenesis with pollinosis in the district. Preventive measures must be taken to eradicate ragweed. Otherwise it certainly will spread all over China.     

Pollen counts in Slavonski Brod, croatia during the pollination period 2008 to 2010

Hay fever or pollinosis is the allergic reaction of the human body to allergic pollen grains and is a seasonal phenomenon. Pollen concentrations depend on the climate, geographic features, and vegetation. Trees, grass, and weed pollinosis is frequent in Croatia, common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisifolia L.) pollinosis in particular. Continuous monitoring of pollen air concentrations can provide timely information to the general public and can help sensitised patients and their physicians to prevent or alleviate allergic reactions. This is the task of health ecology services such as our Public Health Institute of the Brod-Posavina County. This article reports pollen concentrations in Slavonski Brod measured in March 2008 to November 2008, March 2009 to October 2009, and April 2010 to October 2010 and discusses the increasing exposure to ragweed and ways to control it.     

Effects of quantity of Japanese cedar pollen,air pollution and urbanization on allergic rhinitis morbidity in Ibaraki prefecture

OBJECTIVES: It has been reported that morbidity from allergic rhinitis in the National Health Insurance records in Ibaraki Prefecture for May correlated with the quantity of Japan cedar pollen scattered in each year. The purpose of the present investigation was to clarify the Japanese cedar pollinosis contribution to morbidity, and also clarifying the influence of air pollution and medical resources on the crisis and symptoms of allergic rhinitis. METHODS: The charts in four otolaryngology facilities were used for analyzing the Japan cedar pollinosis content with reference to the allergic rhinitis during the pollen season. The age-adjusted morbidity of allergic rhinitis was annually compared employing data of National Health Insurance records for medical examinations made in May during the period between 1988 and 1996 in Ibaraki Prefecture. The quantity of Japanese cedar pollen was measured at seven area points in Ibaraki Prefecture during the three-year period from 1994 to 1996, and was compared with the degree of Japan cedar wood occupation in each municipality. Traffic volume according to municipalities in Ibaraki Prefecture was taken as a surrogate indicator of air pollution. The area otolaryngology facilities and doctors were taken as medical resources. Values were thus compared with allergic rhinitis morbidity. RESULTS: Sixty to eighty percent of the allergic rhinitis patients examined in May were found to be suffering from pollinosis. The quantities of Japanese cedar pollen scatter at the seven points in Ibaraki Prefecture varied in concert every year, the quantities correlating well with the area of Japanese cedar woods stands in each municipality in some but not in other years. The morbidity in the records of allergic rhinitis according to municipalities correlated negatively with the proportion of the population occupied in farming (r = -0.38) and with the area of Japanese cedar woods in each municipality (r = -0.40). The traffic volume calculated according to municipalities in Ibaraki Prefecture correlated significantly with the yearly average concentration of nitrogen dioxide (r = 0.63, P < 0.01) and with the morbidity of allergic rhinitis. In places among the northern mountains of the Prefecture, both the morbidity in the records and the distribution of otolaryngology facilities were low. CONCLUSIONS: More than 60% of the morbidity from allergic rhinitis in May appeared in the National Health Insurance records to be associated with Japanese cedar pollinosis. This was confirmed by the correlation between yearly variation in morbidity and that of the quantity of Japanese cedar pollen scatter. As local factors increasing the morbidity of allergic rhinitis in the records, air pollution, urbanization and a greater availability of medical resources were indicated.     

气传致敏花粉区域性调查现状

气传致敏花粉引起的花粉症受到了越来越多的重视,不同地区地理环境和气候差异导致致敏花粉不同,因此,花粉症具有明显的季节性和地域性。本调查主要对上世纪九十年代至今我国八大地区部分城市进行的气传致敏花粉调查进行简要综述。     

青岛市夏秋季草本植物气传花粉调查分析

目的调查青岛市夏秋季草本植物气传花粉的种类、含量及分布规律,为夏秋季花粉症的防治提供依据。方法采用重力沉降法,于2010年3月1日至2011年2月28日分别在青岛东、西部设监测点,每日进行花粉曝片。培呆青岛市东部夏秋季草本植物气传花粉总含量为3532粒．占全年花粉总量的42．43％;鉴定出9科6个属。西部夏秋季草本植物气传花粉总含量为1537粒,占全年花粉总量的38．25％;鉴定出8科4个属。夏秋季草本植物花粉数量月分布高峰在8～9月份。律草属含量最高,东、西部全年合计1955粒,其次是蒿属花粉为1565粒,禾本科670粒,豚草花粉432粒。结论蒿属、蓓草属、禾本科和豚草属花粉是青岛市夏秋季草本植物主要的气传花粉,是引起夏秋花粉症的重要病因。