胆汁反流性胃炎临床内镜结果分析

目的：探讨胆汁反流性胃炎的内镜特征,以提高对该疾病的诊断水平。方法：对我院2003年1月～2009年1月就诊的胆汁反流性胃炎179例的内镜检查及病理组织学检查结果进行回顾性分析。结果：慢性浅表性胃炎84例（46．9％）,慢性萎缩性胃炎25例（14．0％）,十二指肠球部溃疡38例（21．2％）,胃溃疡15例（4．2％）,反流性食管炎17例（9．5％）。结论：胆汁反流是慢性胃炎的常见内镜下表现,其病理组织学可表现为胃小凹增生、间质水肿、固有层平滑肌纤维增生、黏膜层血管扩张和炎症细胞浸润等。对于该病的诊断除依靠电子胃镜检查外,还需辅助病理组织学检查。     

3种胆汁反流性胃炎的临床与胃镜特征

目的:探讨不同病因所致胆汁反流性胃炎的临床和内镜特点.方法:分析267例胆汁反流性胃炎患者的临床特征及内镜特点,257例患者病变部位黏膜组织行病理检查,所有病例均进行幽门螺旋杆菌(Hp)监测.结果:胃切除术后所致的胆汁反流性胃炎患者年龄最大,临床症状明显,胃镜检查示残胃黏膜胆染显著,偏金黄色,炎症反应明显;胆道疾病所致胆汁反流性胃炎患者年龄较年轻,无典型临床症状,胃镜示黏膜胆染面积广泛,偏黄绿色;胃动力障碍所致胆汁反流性胃炎患者年龄最小,最突出的临床症状为上腹饱胀,胃镜示胆染面积较集中,偏草黄色;所有病例中合并Hp感染阳性病例较阴性病例临床症状显著,胃镜下表现胃黏膜炎症反应较重.结论:不同病因所致的胆汁反流性胃炎的临床及胃镜表现不尽相同,可为胆汁反流性胃炎的临床诊断、鉴别诊断及治疗提供依据.     

军人胆汁反流性胃炎53例分析

目的分析内镜检出的军人胆汁反流性胃炎的临床表现及内镜特征，探讨其发病情况及病因。方法回顾性分析我院消化内镜室2007年5月—2008年5月53例胆汁反流性胃炎患者的临床和胃镜资料，并与同期慢性胃炎进行比较。结果我院消化科门诊及住院军人患者内镜检查共723例，内镜诊断胆汁反流性胃炎53例，检出率达到7．33％，病变部位以胃窦、胃体为主，内镜下主要表现为黏液糊呈黄色或黄绿色胆汁样，胃黏膜上可见胆汁淤块，黏膜充血，变脆或糜烂、出血、斑点。主要病理改变为：黏膜下层水肿．黏膜层血管扩张充血，炎性细胞浸润。快速尿素酶试验单纯性胆汁反流性胃炎患者与同期慢性胃炎患者幽门螺杆菌检测，阳性率分别为39．2％，58.6％。经4周规律性治疗后临床症状消失。结论本病临床表现无特异性（同慢性胃炎），内镜特征具诊断意义。胆汁反流性胃炎患者Hp感染率较慢性胃炎低，认为胆汁反流是本病独特的致病因素。军人因职业特点，胆汁反流性胃炎具有较高发病率。     

术后反流性胃炎与慢性胃炎的病理组织学对照研究

目的探讨术后反流性胃炎的病理组织学变化特征及病理学诊断标准。方法溃疡胃大部切除术后患者５０例，慢性胃炎患者４０例，行胃镜检查，分别在吻合口／胃窦、胃体、胃底取活检，作病理组织学检查。观察各种病变的严重程度，计算反流积分与炎症积分；比较不同部位病理改变的特点；分析胆汁反流、ｐＨ与病理改变的关系。结果残胃的胆汁酸浓度和ｐＨ显著高于慢性胃炎组（Ｐ＜０．０１），粘膜基底层胃小凹增生、间质水肿、毛细血管扩张充血及反流积分，在残胃组显著高于慢性胃炎组（Ｐ＜０．０１），且以吻合口最重。而残胃底较轻。残胃内不同部位的病变特征不同。结论胃小凹增生、间质水肿、毛细血管扩张充血是反流性胃炎的主要病理组织学特征，反流积分的高低可代表反流性病变的严重程度。     

胆汁反流性胃炎108例内镜分析

目的：分析胆汁反流性胃炎（BRG）的内镜表现,以探讨其可能的发病因素。方法：对108例胆汁反流性胃炎患者进行胃镜下及临床资料回顾性分析。结果：108例患者在胃镜检查中发现合并十二指肠球部溃疡16例,胃窦部溃疡5例,反流性食管炎25例,幽门螺杆菌（Hp）阳性42例,占胆汁反流性胃炎的38．89％,病理检测诊断慢性胃炎的89例,慢性胃炎伴轻度萎缩12例,中都萎缩9例,肠化生6例,非典型增生2例。Ⅰ度胆汁反流55例,Ⅱ度胆汁反流41例,Ⅱ度胆汁反流12例。结论：BRG病因很多,Hp可为BRG的病因之一;BRG必须明确诊断,才能合理治疗,治疗选用胃黏膜保护剂、胆酸络合剂、胃动力剂能收到良好疗效。     

胆汁反流性胃炎54例临床分析

目的分析内镜检出的胆汁反流性胃炎的临床表现及内镜特征,探讨其发病情况及病因。方法回顾性分析笔者所在医院54例胆汁反流性胃炎患者的临床和胃镜资料。结果 54例胆汁反流性胃炎,胆囊疾病15例,占27.8%;胃术后9例,占16.7%;不明原因30例,占55.5%。Hp感染情况:54例中17例Hp阳性,占31.5%。结论胆汁反流性胃炎临床表现无特异性,内镜特征具有诊断意义。     

胆汁反流性胃炎临床分析

目的:进一步提高对胆汁反流性胃炎(BRG)的病因、诊断及治疗有关问题的认识。方法:从一般资料、临床表现、内镜及病理所见、幽门螺杆菌(Hp)检测、治疗与转归几方面对84例BRG病例进行回顾分析。结果:男性多于女性,20-40岁发病率最高(82.1%,69/84),全部病例均有上腹痛,但无特异性,内镜检查全部病例黏液湖呈黄绿色,黏膜明显充血、水肿,以窦部或远端胃为甚,部分病例见胆汁反流,黏膜糜烂,质脆易出血,附有胆汁斑;病理检查,慢性胃窦炎为14例(16.7%),伴轻度萎缩8例(9.5%),中度萎缩7例(8.3%),肠化生3例(3.6%),非典型增生2例(2.4%),反应性胃炎50例(59.5%);Hp阳性36例(42.8%);全部病例治疗4周后症状明显减轻或消失。结论:BRG病因原发病例(85.7%)多于继发性(14.3%),而Hp可能为BRG的病因之一;诊断主要根据胃镜所见及病理组织学胃小凹增生性改变,结合临床症状及既往病史诊断较为可靠;治疗选用胆酸络合剂、胃肠动力剂、黏膜保护剂、抑酸剂能收到较好疗效。     

新络纳治疗胆汁反流性胃炎80例疗效观察

胆汁反流性胃炎（BRG）是临床上常见的一种化学性胃炎，又称碱性反应性胃炎．是由于含有胆汁的十二指肠内容物异常地反流人胃引起的以胃小凹增生为主且炎症细胞浸润很少为特征的反应性胃粘膜病变。其原因多为消化道手术、胃肠结构异常或幽门功能紊乱所致。2004年9月-2006年2月我们对在门诊就诊的160例胆汁反流性胃炎患者使用新络纳与奥美拉唑联合治疗获得较好疗效，现报告如下。     

胆汁反流性胃炎159例临床分析

目的分析内镜检出的胆汁反流性胃炎的临床表现及内镜特征,探讨其发病情况,病因及治疗.方法回顾性分析我院消化内科2000年5月—2010年5月例胆汁反流性胃炎患者的临床和胃镜资料,并与同期慢性胃炎进行比较.我院消化科门诊及住院患者内镜检查共2169例,内镜诊断胆汁反流性胃炎159例,检出率达到7.33%,病变部位以胃窦、胃体为主,内镜下主要表现为粘液糊呈黄色或黄绿色胆汁样,胃粘膜上可见胆汁淤块,粘膜充血,变脆或糜烂、出血、斑点.     

胆汁反流性胃炎的病因分析

目的探讨胆汁反流性胃炎的病因，及其与幽门螺旋杆菌（Hp）致病的相关性。方法对216例经内镜检查和病理证实的胆汁反流性胃炎患者的病因进行分析，并行幽门螺旋杆菌检测。结果216例胆汁反流性胃炎患者的病因有胃切除术史86例，胆结石、胆囊炎者63例，糖尿病史者24例，消化性溃疡8例，肝炎、肝硬化7例，消化道肿瘤7例，胰腺炎3例，不明原因者18例。胆汁反流性胃炎患者中Hp感染率不高（26．9％）。结论胆汁反流性胃炎与胃切除术、胆囊疾病、糖尿病、消化性溃疡、胰腺炎、肝炎、肝硬化、消化道肿瘤相关。就胃炎而言，胆汁反流和Hp感染是二个独立的致病因子。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.