脾脏错构瘤的CT诊断

目的：探讨脾脏错构瘤（SH）的CT诊断价值。方法：回顾性分析9例经病理证实的SH的CT平扫及三期动态增强表现。结果：本组9例中,8例单发病灶,1例多发病灶。单发病灶CT表现：3例平扫呈等密度,4例呈稍低密度（其中2例边缘伴钙化）,1例呈高密度,病灶呈爆米花样钙化。多期增强扫描表现为动脉期弥漫性不均匀轻度强化或周围斑片状强化（6例）,动脉期明显强化（1例）,延迟后上述病灶均接近或稍高于脾实质密度。1例爆米花样钙化各期均未见强化;本组1例多发病灶者共发现8个病灶,最大径1.2～9.5cm不等,CT显示脾上极1个病灶以囊性为主,边缘弧形钙化。其余病灶为实性结节或肿块,以等低密度为主,边界欠清,增强后呈弥漫性、渐进性强化。结论：SH的CT表现有一定特征,当CT平扫显示脾内等或稍低密度实性肿块,伴或不伴钙化,多期增强扫描动脉期病灶呈弥漫性不均匀轻度强化或周围斑片状强化,随时间延迟呈渐进性强化,延迟期接近或稍高于脾实质密度时有助于SH的诊断。     

肝局灶性结节增生的CT表现与病理对照分析

目的：总结分析肝脏局灶性结节增生（FNH）的平扫和多期增强扫描的CT表现,探讨其诊断价值。方法：回顾性分析18例（21个病灶）经病理证实的FNH的平扫及三期增强CT表现。结果：CT平扫21个病灶中7个病灶呈均匀低密度,14个呈不均匀低密度。增强扫描动脉期除中央疤痕外,19个病灶有明显均匀强化、1个中等不均匀强化、1个轻度不均匀强化,6个病灶还可见病灶中心或周边增粗、扭曲的动脉影;门脉期和延迟期扫描显示10个病灶呈略高密度,6个病灶呈等密度,5个病灶呈略低密度。平扫显示7个病灶伴有中央星状疤痕者,多期增强CT显示15个病灶有中央疤痕并于平衡期出现延迟强化。结论：CT检查能较全面显示FNH的病理特征和血供特点,FNHCT平扫为低密度,增强扫描以＂快进慢出＂为主要特征。     

胸部孤立性纤维瘤的CT表现

目的 :探讨胸部孤立性纤维瘤(SFT)的CT特征,以提高对该病的认识。方法 :回顾性分析经手术病理证实的10例胸部SFT的CT表现并复习文献,总结其CT影像特征。结果:本组10例均为原发灶,9例单发,1例多发。1例多发病灶位于左侧胸膜、胸壁;9例单发病灶中2例位于胸腔内(肺内),6例位于胸膜下,1例位于纵隔内主动脉弓旁;4例位于右肺,5例位于左肺。10例肿块边缘均光整,无毛刺,2例有分叶,3例伴胸腔积液。肿瘤长径1.0~15.6 cm,平均(7.4±5.4)cm。7例行CT平扫,2例密度不均,2例伴低密度区,余3例呈软组织密度肿块。10例均行增强扫描,4例不均匀强化,其内可见血管影,呈"肿瘤包绕血管征",其中2例伴低密度区及边缘强化,低密度区轻度强化;边缘明显强化;余6例表现为均匀强化。结论:胸部SFT的CT平扫表现为软组织密度肿块,可有分叶但无毛刺征,不侵犯周围组织;增强扫描较大肿块(直径10 cm)呈不均匀强化,可呈"肿瘤包绕血管征",同时伴轻度强化的低密度区与边缘强化区,具有一定特征性。     

少血供小肝癌的螺旋CT表现并与病理对照

目的 研究螺旋CT双期增强扫描低密度小肝癌的CT表现及其病理学基础。方法 分析经手术病理证实的螺旋CT双期增强扫描表现为低密度的小肝癌25例共27个病灶的CT征象和病理学改变。结果 (1)平扫病灶边界模糊不清者有16个病灶，边界清楚者有11个病灶；增强后病灶边界模糊者只有7个病灶，边界清楚者有20个病灶，同时病灶边缘轮廓轻度不规整。(2)平扫瘤内呈均匀性低密度者有18个病灶，瘤内密度不均匀者有9个病灶；增强后瘤内密度均匀者只有6个病灶，瘤内密度不均匀、有多个小斑点状密度更低区者有21个病灶。结论 螺旋CT双期增强扫描低密度小肝癌的CT表现特点是：平扫病灶边界模糊，增强后病灶边界变清楚并呈轻度不规整，同时病灶内密度不均匀，有多个小斑点状密度更低区。根据该特点可以与肝脏的其他表现为低密度的病变进行鉴别。     

肾嗜酸细胞腺瘤的MSCT表现及病理基础

目的:分析8例肾嗜酸细胞腺瘤(renal oncocytoma,RO)的SCT表现和病理特点,以提高CT对该病诊断的准确性。方法:8例均经手术病理证实,CT全肾平扫后行皮质期、实质期动态增强扫描。结果:CT平扫7个病灶为等密度,1个为略高密度,内见低密度影。皮质期所有病灶均强化,2个病灶出现"车辐征",5个出现中心瘢痕。实质期所有病灶密度明显低于肾实质,6个病灶强化明显减低。结论:SCT能显示RO的某些特征,有助于术前诊断。     

少脂肪性肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤的CT诊断与鉴别

目的:探讨少脂肪性肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤(AML)的CT表现,提高对该病的诊断水平。方法:回顾性分析12例经手术病理证实并行CT平扫及双期增强扫描的少脂肪性肾AML CT表现,着重分析病灶的大小、部位、轮廓、密度以及动态增强扫描表现等。结果:12例12个病灶均表现为实性肿块,CT平扫7个病灶呈均匀略高密度,2个病灶呈等密度,3个病灶内示散在小结节状低密度影,9例肿块呈类圆形,3例呈不规则形,全部肿块与肾实质分界清楚,8例肿块突向肾轮廓外1/3~1/2,9例病灶在CT增强扫描肾皮质期明显强化,6例为均匀强化,3例病灶内散在低密度灶未见强化,7例在肾实质期呈相对低密度,2例仍强化明显,3例双期增强均扫描表现为病灶内轻度条片状强化。结论:少脂肪性肾AML有一定的CT表现特征,有利于和肾细胞癌相鉴别。     

原发性脾脏B细胞淋巴瘤CT特征

目的探讨原发性脾脏B细胞淋巴瘤的CT表现特征。方法回顾性分析11例经病理证实的原发性脾脏B细胞淋巴瘤CT表现。结果左上腹不适8例、隐痛6例、胀痛5例、乏力10例、低热8例、食欲下降7例、体重减低8例,左上腹扣击痛8例、压痛6例。弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤8例:其中孤立肿块型7例,肿块5.5～12.0cm,平扫呈低密度5例,等密度2例;界限清楚5例,不清楚2例;增强扫描于动脉期轻度强化5例,无强化2例;界限清楚5例,不清楚2例;静脉期轻度强化3例,无强化4例;实质期轻度强化2例,无强化5例。粟粒结节型1例,平扫呈等密度,增强扫描脾脏实质强化,内见直径2.1～2.8cm多发低密度结节。小B细胞淋巴瘤1例(粟粒结节型):平扫示脾脏肿大,内见1.5～2.0cm多发结节状低密度灶,界限不清楚;增强扫描脾脏实质强化,低密度小结节灶无强化,界限清楚。套细胞淋巴瘤1例(多发肿块型):平扫见脾脏增大,肿块呈等密度,增强扫描动脉期显示脾脏实质强化,内见3.5～7.8cm的低密度肿块影,界限清楚,静脉期和实质期肿块边缘模糊。毛细胞淋巴瘤1例(弥漫型):脾脏呈弥漫性增大,平扫和增强均未发现明确肿块及结节灶。结论原发性脾脏B细胞淋巴瘤以孤立巨块型弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤多见,CT平扫以低密度或等密度;增强扫描轻度强化或不强化为特征。     

颈部神经鞘瘤的CT表现与病理对照

目的 :探讨颈部神经鞘瘤的CT表现及其与病理学之间的关系 ,了解其CT表现的病理学基础。方法 :回顾性分析经手术、病理证实的颈部神经鞘瘤 3 6例 ,增强扫描 2 7例 ,并与手术病理结果进行比较。结果 :CT平扫表现为均匀等密度、略低密度 (和颈部肌肉相比 )肿块 12例 ,增强扫描呈轻度均匀强化 ;2 4例平扫表现为不均匀等密度、略低密度肿块 ,伴中心点状、片状更低密度区 ,增强扫描肿块呈轻度至明显强化 ,中央更低密度区无明显强化。上述表现与病理对照显示更低密度区由疏细胞区 (AntoniB区 )、陈旧性出血及囊性变组成 ,等密度、略低密度区由富细胞区 (AntoniA区 )和胶原组成。不同的细胞区域构成形成不同的CT表现 ,增强表现与AntoniA区增强有关。结论 :颈部神经鞘瘤的CT表现与其病理改变有关 ,对正确诊断具有指导意义。     

原发性肝类癌的CT及MRI表现

目的 探讨原发性肝类癌的CT及MRI表现.方法 回顾性分析2003年12月至2008年11月间11例经手术病理证实的原发性肝类癌患者资料.4例行CT检查,8例行MRI检查,分析其影像表现特征.结果 11例中肿瘤多发2例,表现为2个或2个以上的结节状病灶,其余9例均为单发.CT检查4例患者病灶均表现为平扫边界清楚低密度,中心可见不规则更低密度区;增强后动脉期病灶实质部分不均匀强化,中心更低密度区无强化,门静脉期及延迟期病灶边缘仍轻度强化,强化程度较动脉期减低,中心坏死区始终无强化.MRI 8例患者中7例T_1WI表现为边界清楚的不均匀低信号,T_2WI病灶呈高信号,中心可见不规则低信号;增强后动脉期病灶边缘不均匀强化,病灶中心可见不规则无强化低信号区,门静脉期及延迟期病灶边缘仍轻度强化,边缘显示不清,病灶中心无强化低信号区范围较动脉期缩小.1例患者T_1WI表现为边界清楚的囊状低信号影,囊内可见高信号,T_2WI病灶呈高信号;增强后动脉期病灶边缘不均匀强化,门静脉期及延迟期呈低信号.结论 平扫和动态增强CT扫描及MRI能反映原发性肝类癌的影像特点,具有一定特征性.     

肝脏局灶性结节增生的CT表现

目的 :探讨肝脏局灶性结节增生(focal nodular hyperplasia,FNH)的CT表现特点。方法 :14例均经病理证实为FNH,术前均行MSCT平扫及动态增强扫描。结果:14例均为孤立性病变,平均直径3.2 cm,平扫呈等或略低密度,密度均匀。动态增强扫描动脉期病灶均显示明显强化;静脉期9例强化程度高于肝实质,5例等于肝实质;延迟期6例略高于肝实质,4例等于肝实质,4例为低密度。9例病灶中心区CT平扫显示低密度瘢痕,动脉期均无强化,延迟期7例强化。结论:FNH的CT表现典型,充分认识其CT表现,可避免不必要的手术。     

肾脏嗜酸细胞腺瘤的CT诊断

目的 探讨肾嗜酸细胞腺瘤(RO)的CT表现,以提高对其诊断的准确性. 资料与方法 回顾性分析经病理证实的14例RO的CT资料,全部经MSCT多期检查,包括平扫、增强皮质期和髓质期,其中5例另行排泄期扫描. 结果 病灶全部单发,9例位于左肾,5例位于右肾,最大径2.0～11.6 cm,平均6.2 cm,<3.0 cm者3例.皮质期,12例病灶明显强化,其中9例强化低于肾皮质,3例强化接近于肾皮质.髓质期,9例强化程度下降并低于肾脏髓质, 3例持续强化但在排泄期见密度开始下降.2例在皮质期至排泄期表现为持续的强化.8例见星芒样瘢痕,8例见完整包膜,4例见中央钙化. 结论 大部分RO为富血供,增强后实质部分均匀强化,囊变或坏死罕见,有助于与肾透明细胞癌及肾嫌色细胞癌等相鉴别.     

Multidetector CT: detection of active hemorrhage in patients with blunt abdominal trauma

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the imaging findings and the prevalence of active hemorrhage on contrast-enhanced multidetector CT in patients with blunt abdominal trauma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Contrast-enhanced multidetector CT images of 165 patients with blunt abdominal trauma were reviewed for the presence of extravasated contrast agent, a finding that represents active hemorrhage. The site and appearance of the hemorrhage were noted on multidetector CT images. These findings were compared with surgical and angiographic results or with clinical follow-up. RESULTS: On multidetector CT images, active hemorrhage was detected in 22 (13%) of 165 patients with a total of 24 bleeding sites (14 intraperitoneal sites and 10 extraperitoneal sites). Active hemorrhage was visible most frequently as a jet of extravasated contrast agent (10/24 bleeding sites [42%]). Diffuse or focal extravasation was less frequently seen (nine [37%] and five [21%] bleeding sites, respectively). CT attenuation values measured in the aorta (mean, 199 H) were significantly higher than those measured in extravasated contrast material (mean, 155 H) (p < 0.001). Sixteen (73%) of 22 patients with active bleeding on multidetector CT images underwent immediate surgical or angiographic intervention. One patient received angiographic therapy 10 hr after undergoing multidetector CT, and five patients died between 1 and 3 hr after multidetector CT examination. CONCLUSION: Active hemorrhage in patients after blunt abdominal trauma is most frequently visible as a jet of extravasated contrast agent on multidetector CT. When extravasation is detected, immediate surgical or angiographic therapy is required.     

Appendicitis: advantages of US and CT in aspecific clinical and radiological findings

We present the case of a 23-year-old woman with atypical clinical and radiological findings of subacute appendicitis. When abdominal plain film and contrast medium enema examination show atypical findings and ultrasound results are uncertain, CT should be considered. CT after peroral and intravenous contrast administration can confirm or exclude the diagnosis of suspected appendicitis showing the possible presence, location and degree of inflammation, phlegmon and abscess masses.     

MRI evaluation of acute renal trauma

We describe the MR findings in a patient with acute renal injury after blunt abdominal trauma associated with perinephric hematoma and urinoma. Both CT and MR findings are described. Active urine extravasation into a perinephric urinoma is demonstrated by serial post-contrast imaging with CT and MRI showing progressively increased attenuation/signal intensity fluid in communication with the collecting system, commencing 2 minutes after contrast administration.     

Small bowel rupture after blunt trauma: Computed tomographic signs and their sensitivity

The purpose of this study is to describe the characteristic computed tomographic (CT) signs of small bowel perforation after blunt abdominal trauma and to evaluate their sensitivity. Nineteen preoperative CT scans were obtained from 16 patients with surgically proven small bowel rupture secondary to blunt abdominal trauma. Only the CT findings described in the original CT reports were used. Eleven of 19 CT scans (58 %) had findings that were unequivocal for bowel rupture (i.e., extraluminal air and/or extravasation of oral contrast medium). Seven CT scans (37 %) had findings that were suggestive of severe small bowel injury (i.e., focal small bowel wall thickening and/or free peritoneal fluid without other accompanying organ injuries). In all, 95 % of cases of small bowel rupture had either pathognomonic or suggestive CT findings. One CT scan did not demonstrate small bowel wall thickening, although a hemoperitoneum was present. CT is a sensitive method for suggesting severe small bowel injury and rupture secondary to blunt abdominal trauma.     

Evaluation of non-contrast-enhanced CT in blunt abdominal trauma]

We compared the findings of noncontrast-enhanced CT with those of contrast-enhanced CT in 126 patients with blunt abdominal trauma to evaluate the usefulness of noncontrast-enhanced CT. In 112 of the patients, visceral injuries were confirmed by surgery or clinical follow-up including CT. Although noncontrast-enhanced CT diagnosed all patients with 12 intestinal injuries requiring immediate surgery, contrast-enhanced CT missed two of these patients because high density hematomas on noncontrast-enhanced CT became isodense after IV administration of contrast material. However, contrast-enhanced CT was superior to noncontrast-enhanced CT in the diagnosis of hepatic and renal injuries. A case of renal artery occlusion was only visualized on contrast-enhanced CT. We conclude that both noncontrast- and contrast-enhanced CT should be performed for the CT evaluation of blunt abdominal trauma.     

胃静脉曲张的CT表现（附15例报告）

本文对经手术或胃镜证实为胃静脉曲张的１５例患者的ＣＴ检查进行了回顾性分析，描述了胃静脉曲张的ＣＴ表现及其特点。胃静脉曲张特征性ＣＴ表现为注射造影剂后增厚的胃壁内可见条状或管状致密影，本组９例强化，７例显示特征性表现。ＣＴ检查还可以确定其原发疾病，脾血管和门静脉扩张程度，以及腹腔内侧支循环情况。     

肾透明细胞癌与肾嗜酸细胞腺瘤的CT鉴别诊断

目的探讨分析肾透明细胞癌与嗜酸细胞腺瘤的CT表现及鉴别诊断。方法选取我院收治并经手术病理证实为肾透明细胞癌(20例)及肾嗜酸细胞腺瘤(15例)的CT表现,分析两者病灶的大小、形态、密度、CT值及强化方式等。结果肾透明细胞癌与肾嗜酸细胞腺瘤病灶的直径差异不明显(P> 0.05),差异无统计学意义;肾透明细胞癌与嗜酸细胞腺瘤CT平扫均多数为等或稍低密度,增强期多表现为明显强化,但肾透明细胞癌的强化特点为快进快出型,而肾嗜酸细胞腺瘤为快进慢出型,且肾透明细胞癌可有淋巴结转移,而肾嗜酸细胞瘤可有中央瘢痕。结论综合分析肾透明细胞癌与肾嗜酸细胞腺瘤的CT平扫及增强扫描的影像学特点,有助于两者的鉴别诊断。     

CT of pancreas transplantation

Thirty-eight abdominal CT examinations obtained on 20 patients after pancreas transplantation were reviewed to determine the CT findings associated with pancreas transplantation and to assess the clinical utility of CT in this setting. Visualization of the transplanted pancreas was variable and was strongly influenced by adequacy of gastrointestinal opacification with contrast material. In four cases, linear high-density material was present within the graft, which, depending upon the surgical technique for handling exocrine secretions, represented either pancreaticojejunal stents or silicone within the pancreatic duct. Abdominal fluid collections were identified in 19 patients and were the most common complication identified by CT. Four of these collections were drained percutaneously. The major value of CT in pancreas transplantation is the identification and management of abdominal fluid collections in patients with abdominal pain and fever.     

小肠淋巴管扩张症在直接淋巴管造影及造影后CT平扫中的影像表现

目的探讨小肠淋巴管扩张症在直接淋巴管造影和造影后CT检查中的影像表现,提高对此病的认识。资料与方法回顾性分析21例临床诊断为小肠淋巴管扩张症患者的临床和影像资料,所有病例均先行直接淋巴管造影后再行腹盆部CT平扫,5例在淋巴管造影前做过CT平扫加增强,3例淋巴管造影、CT平扫后进行了增强扫描,分析所有病例影像学表现。结果直接淋巴管造影显示腹膜后、髂部淋巴管走行迂曲,不同程度扩张,结构紊乱,动态观察向肠系膜反流4例,3例可见对比剂直接进入肠腔内。直接淋巴管造影后行CT平扫,21例均可见向对侧腰干反流,9例向肠干反流。15例患者有节段性肠壁增厚,8例增强扫描,显示5例小肠壁分层强化呈"晕轮征",2例增厚肠壁呈均匀性强化,1例肠壁未见增厚。结论直接淋巴管造影与造影后CT联合检查是诊断小肠淋巴管扩张症的重要方法。