原始神经外胚层肿瘤（PNET）1例光镜,免疫组化和电镜观察 …

研究原始性神经外胚层肿瘤的特征。方法：采用光镜，电镜和免疫组化对１例颈部原始生神经外胚层肿瘤进行观察。结果；肿瘤组织由小圆形细胞构成，肿瘤细胞胞膜示ＭＩＣ２强阳性，肿瘤细胞胞浆内含有微和及神经内分泌颗粒。     

具有神经内分泌分化的肺粘液样软骨肉瘤

目的：探讨肺原发性具有神经内分泌分化的粘液样软骨肉瘤的病理特征。方法：通过HE、组化、免疫组化及电镜观察1例肺粘液样软骨肉瘤。结果：肿瘤由粘液样基质和疏网状结构的梭形及圆形细胞、软骨母细胞样细胞和小圆形细胞组成,3种细胞梯度移行,形成典型粘液样软骨肉瘤及类似原始性神经外胚层肿瘤结构。组化染色显示AB（pH2.5),TB(pH4.0)阳性,Grimelius嗜银颗粒阳性。免疫表型：S－100蛋白、vimentin,NSE,Syn阳性,小圆细胞和软骨母细胞样细胞还显示HBA71、CgA、Leu7、EMA阳性。超微结构;瘤细胞胞质分布致密核心颗粒。结论：证实该例为肺原发性具有神经内分泌分化粘液样软骨肉瘤。     

Askin瘤的起源及本质

目的：探讨Ａｓｋｉｎ瘤的本质、起源。方法：以临床病理观察、免疫组织化学、电子显微镜技术和细胞遗传技术对２２例Ａｓｈｉｎ瘤进行研究。结果：显示瘤细胞免疫组化为ＭＩＣ２（ＣＤ９９）,ＮＳＥ、ＣｇＡ阳性;电镜下见神经分泌颗粒;细胞遗传分析示特异性基因遗传异位,即ｔ（１１;２２）（ｑ２４;ｑ１２）。这些特点与恶性原始神经外胚叶肿瘤（ＰＮＥＴ）相同。结论：Ａｓｋｉｎ瘤实际上是ＰＮＥＴ／尤文肉瘤家族的一员,只     

骨外Ewing肉瘤/外周原始神经外胚叶肿瘤的临床病理分析

目的探讨骨外Ewing肉瘤／外周原始神经外胚叶肿瘤的临床病理特征及诊断、鉴别诊断依据。方法18例骨外Ewing肉瘤／外周原始神经外胚叶肿瘤行常规病理检查及免疫组化染色,其中2例进行电镜检查。结果光镜显示肿瘤组织主要由小圆形或卵圆形细胞组成,免疫组化染色显示肿瘤细胞膜CD99强阳性,电镜显示肿瘤细胞质内有神经内分泌颗粒。结论骨外Ewing肉瘤/外周原始神经外胚叶肿瘤的诊断依赖病理特征,并需要与其他小细胞恶性肿瘤进行鉴别。     

膀胱小细胞神经内分泌复合癌1例报道及文献复习

目的：研究膀胱小细胞神经内分泌复合癌（ＳＣＮＥＣＣ）的临床病理特征及生物学行为。方法：采用光镜、电和免疫细胞对１例膀胱ＳＣＮＥＣＣ进行观察及行随访。结果本例肿瘤组织由小细胞神经内分泌癌，移行细胞癌及腺中闾民分构成。电镜下在小细胞癌人可找见神经内分泌颗粒，免疫组化ＮＳＥ阳性。术后３个月发生肝与肩胛骨转移，１３个月死于肝功能衰竭。结论：ＳＣＮＥＣＣ是一罕见高度恶性肿瘤，有独特的病理形态，早期即可发生侵     

促纤维化小圆细胞肿瘤5例临床病理、免疫组化及电镜观察

目的：观察５例促纤维化小圆细胞肿瘤的临床病理特点,提高对此类肿瘤的认识。方法：常规组织学（ＨＥ）、免疫组化（ＡＢＣ法）和电镜技术检测结合临床资料综合分析。结果：５例中２例多次局部复发,２例在随访中,１例确诊后４个月死亡。该肿瘤组织学特点为肿瘤组织呈单结节或多结节状浸润生长,伴有明显致密的成熟纤维性间质增性,肿瘤细胞主要为大小比较一致的小圆形细胞,呈团状或巢状埋于增生纤维间质中,少数病例部分区域肿瘤     

104例重症肌无力胸腺的临床病理研究

１０４例重症肌无力（ＭＧ）胸腺的临床病理研究，其中６例分别用细胞角蛋白（ＣＫ），上皮细胞膜抗原（ＥＭＡ），癌胚抗原（ＣＥＡ），全Ｔ细胞标记物（ＵＣＨＴ１），Ｔ辅助细胞标记物（Ｔ４），Ｔ抑制细胞标记物（Ｔ８），Ｂ细胞标记物（Ｌ２６），Ｓ－１００蛋白（Ｓ－１００）作免疫组化和电镜检查，长期随访７３例。结果：光镜下胸腺淋巴细胞增生伴生发中心形成和分枝状增生的毛细血管为其病理特征；电镜下见淋巴细胞可形成丰     

肺的一种良性神经内分泌肿瘤──对所谓肺硬化性血管瘤来源的探讨

对３１例所谓肺硬化性血管瘤（又称为肺腺瘤或假乳头瘤型及硬化性血管瘤型肺炎性假瘤）进行了大体及组织学观察，并对其中大部分病例做了１１种免疫组化染色和部分病例电镜观察。结果表明：８６％及全部病例ＣｇＡ和ＮＳＥ呈阳性（其瘤细胞的阳性率分别为７６％和８２％），７３％～７９％的病例有降钙素、胃泌素、生长激素和促肾上腺皮质激素２～４种激素表达（其瘤细胞的阳性率为３７％～７５％）；Ｋｅｒａｔｉｈ、第Ⅷ因产和α－ＡＴ为阴性反应；在电镜下瘤细胞胞浆内见有数量不等的神经分泌颗粒。所见提示此瘤是一种尚未见报道的来自肺神经内分泌细胞的良性肿瘤，暂命名为肺良性神经内分泌瘤（ＬＢＮＥＴ）。     

54例颅内肿瘤CD56（Leu7）表达的免疫组化观察

应用抗ＣＤ５６单克隆抗体和ＡＢＣ技术观察了５４例颅内肿瘤细胞的ＣＤ５６表达状况，３４例胶质瘤中３１例（９１．２％）阳性，其中包括小脑髓母细胞瘤２例，大脑ＰＮＥＴ１例，１０例脑膜瘤中３例阳性，原发性恶性淋巴瘤２例均阳性，胚生殖细胞瘤１例、转移癌７例均阴性，本组结果表明ＣＤ５６并非神经鞘细胞、少突胶质细胞及其肿瘤的特异性标记物，但可作为颅内原发性肿瘤、特别是胶质癌与转移癌鉴别的重要参考指标。     

软组织小圆形细胞肿瘤的诊断和鉴别诊断

软组织小圆形细胞肿瘤 (ｓｍａｌｌｒｏｕｎｄｃｅｌｌｔｕｍｏｒｓｏｆｔｈｅｓｏｆｔｔｉｓｓｕｅｓ,ＳＲＣＴＳ)是指光镜下形态近似的原始或较原始的小圆形细胞 (部分呈类圆形或短梭形 )组成的组织发生和生物学行为不同的一组恶性肿瘤。这组肿瘤涵盖的范围 ,各作者的意见尚不一致 ,我们认为至少应包括下述肿瘤 :尤因肉瘤 /周围原始性神经外胚层瘤、Ａｓｋｉｎ瘤、神经母细胞瘤、硬化性小细胞肿瘤、肾外恶性横纹肌样瘤、胚胎性横纹肌瘤、低分化小细胞性滑膜肉瘤、圆形细胞脂肪肉瘤、硬化性小圆细胞间皮瘤、粒细胞肉瘤、软组织原发性恶性淋…     

纳米水平分子成像与诊疗一体化研究进展与挑战

分子成像能以非侵入性的方式重现活体细胞的生理功能和生物学过程,提高疾病的早期和特异性诊断水平。纳米颗粒/材料具有物理性质可控性高、易于表面修饰、血液循环时间长和可功能化等优点,在疾病诊断与治疗中显示出巨大潜力。但如何阐明纳米材料多功能间的内在联系、解决其代谢及安全性等关键机制难题、实现纳米颗粒/材料多功能性到临床多功能...     

Association between functional alterations of senescence and senility and disorders of gait and balance

OBJECTIVES:

Declines in cognition and mobility are frequently observed in the elderly, and it has been suggested that the appearance of gait disorders in older individuals may constitute a marker of cognitive decline that precedes significant findings in functional performance screening tests. This study sought to evaluate the relationship between functional capacities and gait and balance in an elderly community monitored by the Preventive and Integrated Care Unit of the Hospital Adventista Silvestre in Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.

METHODS:

Elderly individuals (193 females and 90 males) were submitted to a broad geriatric evaluation, which included the following tests: 1) a performance-oriented mobility assessment (POMA) to evaluate gait; 2) a mini-mental state examination (MMSE); 3) the use of Katz and Lawton scales to assess functional capacity; 4) the application of the geriatric depression scale (GDS); and 5) a mini-nutritional assessment (MNA) scale.

RESULTS:

Reductions in MMSE, Katz and Lawton scores were associated with reductions in POMA scores, and we also observed that significant reductions in POMA scores were present in persons for whom the MMSE and Katz scores did not clearly indicate cognitive dysfunction. We also demonstrated that a decline in the scores obtained with the GDS and MNA scales was associated with a decline in the POMA scores.

CONCLUSIONS:

Considering that significant alterations in the POMA scores were observed prior to the identification of significant alterations in cognitive capacity using either the MMSE or the Katz systems, a prospective study seems warranted to assess the predictive capacity of POMA scores regarding the associated decline in functional capacity.     

Alterations of regular and mature monocytes are distinct,and dependent of intensity and duration of exercise

Circulating monocytes comprise functionally distinct regular (CD14^bright+) and mature (CD141^low+) cells. Cell surface receptors were determined by three colour flow cytometry in 8 healthy control subjects. Compared to regular monocytes, mature monocytes had lower levels of the high affinity Fcy receptor 1 (CD64), complement receptor 3 (CDllb), CD45RO and higher levels for HLA-DR, LFA-1 (CD11a/CD18), interleukin-2 receptor (CD25), CD45RA and the Fc receptor 3 (CD16). Both regular and mature monocytes were measured before and up to three hours after four different types of exercise (Ex) in endurance trained athletes (n=9-16). Immediately after anaerobic exercise of I min with a maximal lactate concentration (la_max) of I2.3 (SD I.4) mmol · l^–1 and exhaustive exercise of 24 (SD 8) min with a maximal lactate concentration (la_max) of 7.4 (SD 2.6) mmol· l^–1 mature monocytes increased more than regular monocytes. Exhaustive endurance exercise of 87 (SD 21) min [la_max 3.7 (SD I.0)] led to a similar increase of regular and mature monocytes. 15–33 min after a 100km run regular monocytes increased significantly, whereas mature monocytes decreased. Up to three hours after the end of all exercises mature monocytes fell below pre-exercise values. In conclusion, duration and intensity of exercise alter distinct maturation stages of monocytes differently. It is probable that the avidity of adhesion molecules like LFA-1 to their endothelial ligands is increased to enable the firm attachment to the endothelium.     

Triptorelin and cetrorelix induce immune responses and affect uterine development and expressions of genes and proteins of ESR1, LHR,and FSHR of mice

Context: GnRH immunity can reduce the expression of pituitary GnRH levels, and cause the changes in reproductive behaviors. It is unclear whether triptorelin (TRI) and cetrorelix (CET) immunity influences uterine development and expression of follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR), luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR), and estradiol receptor 1 (ERS1) in the uterus.

Objective: The study investigated the effects of active immunity of GnRH agonist and antagonist on uterine development, microstructures, expression of hormone receptors mRNAs, and proteins in uteri.

Materials and methods: One hundred and five mice were assigned into CET, TRI, and control groups (CG). Mice in CET-1, CET-2, and CET-3 (n?=?15) were subcutaneously injected with 10, 20, and 40?μg CET antigens for seven days, respectively. Mice in TRI-1, TRI-2, and TRI-3 were injected with 10, 20, and 40?μg TRI antigens for seven days, respectively. The qPCR and Western blot were implemented to determine expressions of ESR1, LHR and FSHR mRNAs, and proteins.

Results: Compared with CG, the uterine weights of CET-1, CET-2, and CET-3 increased by 42.86, 62.86, and 10.00% on day 35 (p?p?p?p?p?Conclusions: CET immunity promoted the uterine development, improved EET and UWT, and also promoted the expressions of ESR1 and FSHR protein levels. It lessened the LHR protein levels. TRI immunity blocked EET and UWT, inhibited uterine growth and development. The efficacy of CET immunity was more obvious than TRI.     

韧带和肌腱的生物力学和力学生物学研究

国际韧带和肌腱研讨会(The International Symposium on Ligaments and Tendons,ISI&T)于2000年在美国佛罗里达州奥兰多市首次召开。研讨会的宗旨是引起对韧带和肌腱研究的重视,并为生物工程师、生物学家、临床医师提供一个可以分享、评论、讨论韧带和肌腱最新研究成果的论坛。从2000年起,国际韧带和肌腱研讨会已经开展了15届;每届研讨会上涌现了大量令人振奋的关于当前韧带和肌腱研究热点和未来挑战的讨论。多年来,韧带和肌腱领域内的研究数量大幅增加,研究质量不断提升。为纪念《医用生物力学》杂志创刊30周年,本文总结过去30年里韧带和肌腱研究的主要进展,包括组织力学、力学生物学、损伤与治愈机制、组织修复和再生。     

男性乳腺发育症临床病理分析及雌,孕激素受体检测

对１１３例男性乳腺发育症进行临床病理分析。同时检测其中３０例乳腺组织中雌激素受体和孕激素受体分布情况，结果发现两者阳性率分别为８０．０％和８３．３３％。结合文献讨论了男性乳腺发育症的发生与高血清激素浓度及乳腺组织高受体水平的关系。     

Morphology and cytochemistry of leucocytes and thrombocytes of six species of fish

Cytochemical reactions of blood leucocytes and thrombocytes from six species of fish, rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss), coho salmon (Onchorhynchus kisutch), white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus), goldfish (Carassius auratus), striped bass (Morone saxatulis), and channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) were determined. Because the staining reactions were generally similar to the reactions found in mammalian leucocytes with similar morphological features, it is reasonable to classify fish leucocytes using the same terminology as is used for mammalian leucocytes. However, in some species leucocytes with features similar to mammalian eosinophils or basophils were not found. In goldfish leucocytes were found that had segmented nuclei and unstained, moderately refractile cytoplasmic granules. These cells were classified as segmented, granular leucocytes. Although these cells do not appear similar to any mammalian or avian leucocyte, the pattern of positive cytoplasmic alkaline phosphatase staining and negative granular staining is similar to that of equine eosinophils.     

T、B细胞表型抗体免疫组化敏感性与特异性分析

目的：探讨Ｔ、Ｂ细胞非霍奇金淋巴瘤免疫表型染色的特异性和交叉反应性。方法：应用Ｓ－Ｐ免疫组织化学方法对６２例非霍奇金淋巴瘤进行ＣＤ２０、ＣＤ７４、ＣＤ４５ＲＯ、ＣＤ４３和ＣＤ３免疫表型测定。结果：发现Ｂ细胞表型抗体ＣＤ２０和ＣＤ７４对Ｂ细胞非霍奇金淋巴瘤染色阳性率达８８．２％～１００％,但ＣＤ７４的特异性不强,与Ｔ细胞有２６．７％（４／１５）～３５．７％（５／１４）的交叉反应,而ＣＤ２０表现出高度的特异性,交叉反应为０。Ｔ细胞表型抗体ＣＤ４５ＲＯ、ＣＤ４３和ＣＤ３对Ｔ细胞非霍奇金淋巴瘤染色阳性率达８５．７％～１００％,但ＣＤ４５ＲＯ和ＣＤ４３对Ｂ细胞的交叉反应高达４０％（６／１５）～４７．１％（８／１７）,特异性不强,而多克隆抗体ＣＤ３与Ｂ细胞仅有５．９％（１／１７）的交叉反应,表现出明显的特异性。结论：提示在进行Ｔ、Ｂ细胞免疫表型划分时,应使用一组包括ＣＤ２０、ＣＤ７４,ＣＤ４５ＲＯ、ＣＤ４３和ＣＤ３等抗体,ＣＤ３是一种具有高度敏感性和高度特异性的Ｔ细胞标志抗体,值得推荐。