肿节风联合放化疗治疗局部晚期鼻咽癌的临床观察

目的 观察中药肿节风联合放化疗治疗局部晚期鼻咽癌的近期疗效及放疗急性反应。方法 100 例Ⅲ～Ⅳa 期局部晚期鼻咽癌患者随机分为2组,每组50例。所有患者均采用放化疗综合治疗,研究组配合口服中药肿节风水煎剂20 g/ d。结果 98例患者完成治疗。两组完全缓解、部分缓解及1、2年总生存率、无疾病进展生存率比较,差异无统计学意义;研究组急性放疗副反应Ⅱ～Ⅲ级放射性口腔黏膜炎及口干发生率明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 肿节风与放化疗结合治疗晚期鼻咽癌能减轻放疗急性副反应。     

同步推量调强放疗治疗鼻咽癌的近期疗效、毒副作用和中期预后分析

目的探讨同步推量调强放疗治疗鼻咽癌的近期疗效、毒副作用和中期预后。方法收集67例鼻咽癌患者,根据不同放射治疗方式分为2组,对照组31例给予常规调强放疗治疗,观察组36例给予同步推量调强放疗治疗。治疗结束后比较2组患者的临床疗效和毒副反应发生率。随访24个月,比较2组1,2年生存率和转移复发率。结果治疗结束后3个月,2组临床疗效比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);放疗后1个月,2组颈面部皮肤损伤、黏膜炎、唾液腺损伤、中耳炎发生率比较差异均无统计学意义(P均0.05);随访24个月,2组1,2年生存率和复发转移率比较差异均无统计学意义(P均0.05);2组患者听力下降、张口困难及口干发生率比较差异均无统计学意义(P均0.05)。结论同步推量调强放疗与常规调强放疗治疗鼻咽癌的近期疗效、中期预后及放射毒副反应相当。     

增效减毒汤对鼻咽癌放化疗患者预后及不良反应的观察

目的:观察自拟增效减毒汤对鼻咽癌放化疗患者预后及不良反应的影响。方法:将81例鼻咽癌患者随机分为观察组41例及对照组40例,2组均行放化疗,对照组在放化疗期间应用庆大霉素及维生素B2治疗,观察组于放化疗期间在对照组基础上应用增效减毒汤治疗,比较组治疗期间不良反应发生率,随访2年比较2组生存率及无远处转移生存率。结果:观察组体质、疼痛及食欲改善率分别为78.0%、82.9%、70.7%,对照组分别为55.0%、62.5%、45.0%,2组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。2年生存率观察组为95.1%,对照组为92.5%,2组比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。2年无远处转移生存率观察组为95.1%,对照组为80.0%,2组比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组放射性黏膜炎、骨髓抑制发生率分别为22.0%、17.1%,对照组分别为42.5%、37.5%,2组比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:扶正解毒汤在鼻咽癌放化疗患者中的应用,不仅利于预后改善,同时可减轻毒副反应,效果显著。     

多西他赛联合调强放疗治疗局部晚期非小细胞肺癌临床研究

目的:研究多西他赛联合调强放疗治疗局部晚期非小细胞肺癌效果。方法:选择罗定市人民医院80例局部晚期非小细胞肺癌患者,按临床随机数表法随机分为对照组和观察组各40例。对照组行单独调强放疗治疗;观察组行多西他赛与调强放疗联合治疗。比较两组患者近期治疗效果、远期治疗效果及毒副反应发生率。结果:治疗后对照组患者近期治疗有效率(57.5%)低于观察组(80.0%),远期生存率(37.5%)低于观察组(62.5%),差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后对照组患者骨髓抑制、放射性肺炎、放射性食管炎、放射性皮肤反应等毒副反应发生率与观察组比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:采用多西他赛联合调强放疗治疗局部晚期非小细胞肺癌,可提高近期疗效,延长患者生存期,减少毒副反应。     

多西他赛联合顺铂同步调强适形放疗治疗局部晚期鼻咽癌疗效观察

目的观察多西他赛联合顺铂同步调强适形放疗治疗局部晚期鼻咽癌的临床疗效。方法将150例局部晚期鼻咽癌患者随机分为观察组和对照组各75例,对照组给予常规放疗,观察组给予调强适形放疗,在此基础上,2组均给予多西他赛联合顺铂同步化疗,观察2组近远期临床疗效及不良反应发生情况。结果放疗结束后3个月,观察组临床总有效率高于对照组(P0.05);观察组Ⅲ~Ⅳ级急性口干、口腔黏膜反应发生率均明显低于对照组(P均0.05);观察组随访第2年的局部区域控制率和总生存率均明显高于对照组(P均0.05);2组远期放射不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P均0.05)。结论多西他赛联合顺铂同步调强适形放疗治疗局部晚期鼻咽癌可取得满意的远近期临床疗效,且在调强适形放疗中可有效保护正常组织,减少相应并发症发生。     

清热解毒饮配合放疗治疗鼻咽癌

目的：观察清热解毒饮配合放疗治疗鼻咽癌的疗效及毒副反应。方法：2001年1月～2004年1月将78例中晚期鼻咽癌患者随机分为两组：联合治疗组（放疗＋清热解毒饮）39例,对照组（单纯放疗）39例。两组采用常规分割照射,靶区包括鼻咽部原发灶、颅底及颈部转移灶。联合治疗组放疗第1天开始服用清热解毒饮,1剂/日,连用至放疗结束。结果：联合治疗组3、5年生存率分别为82.05%,64.10%,对照组为71.79%,48.72%,两组Ⅰ度以上放射性口咽反应发生率分别为：25.64%和53.84%;而消化道反应两组发生率分别为7.69%和23.07%。结论：清热解毒饮与放疗同步治疗鼻咽癌与单纯放疗两组间有显著性差异（P〈0.05）,提示清热解毒饮配合放疗治疗鼻咽癌有减毒增效的作用。     

养阴清肺汤防治鼻咽癌放疗后急性放射性口腔黏膜炎临床研究

目的:观察养阴清肺汤防治鼻咽癌放疗后急性放射性口腔黏膜炎的临床效果。方法:选取72例鼻咽癌放疗患者,按随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组各36例。2组均采用调强适形放射治疗,对照组给予常规口腔护理,观察组在对照组基础上口服养阴清肺汤。比较2组放疗结束时急性放射性口腔黏膜炎发生情况、严重程度以及平均出现时间,并检测比较2组患者血清C-反应蛋白(CRP)、转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)水平。结果:观察组Ⅱ度以上急性放射性口腔黏膜炎发生率低于对照组,并且平均出现口腔黏膜炎时间晚于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。放疗前,2组血清CRP、TGF-β1及TNF-α水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。放疗后,2组血清CRP、TGF-β1及TNF-α水平较放疗前升高,但观察组升高程度低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:鼻咽癌患者在放疗期间同步接受养阴清肺汤治疗,能够有效延缓急性放射性口腔黏膜炎的出现,并降低病变严重程度,提高放疗耐受程度。     

扶正减毒抗癌方防治非小细胞肺癌放射治疗急性肺损伤的临床研究

目的:研究四川省名医刁本恕创制的扶正减毒抗癌方对非小细胞肺癌放射治疗所致急性肺损伤的防治作用。方法:纳入符合条件患者60例,随机分为对照组(常规放疗)及治疗组(常规放疗加中药),每组30人,均治疗4周。结果:治疗组30例对照组28例完成实验。治疗后1月两组放射性肺炎发生率差异无显著性,治疗后3月治疗组放射性肺炎发生率10.00%,低于对照组32.14%(P0.05);治疗后1月治疗组咳嗽、咯痰、疲劳乏力、口干咽燥4项证候积分低于对照组,治疗后3月治疗组咳嗽、咯痰、疲劳乏力、胸闷气短、口干咽燥5项证候积分低于对照组(P0.05);治疗后1月两组体力指数积分无显著差异,而治疗后3月治疗组体力指数积分高于对照组(P0.05);1年生存率治疗组33.3%,高于对照组10.71%(P0.05),2年生存率未发现统计学差异。结论:扶正减毒抗癌方能减轻非小细胞肺癌放疗所致急性肺损伤,缓解相关临床症状,改善患者体力,提高1年生存率。     

益气养阴、凉血散瘀法防治老年鼻咽癌放射性口干20例

目的:观察益气养阴、凉血散瘀法防治老年鼻咽癌放射性口干的临床疗效。方法:将40例老年鼻咽癌放射性口干患者随机分为对照组和治疗组,每组各20例。对照组仅给予常规放疗方案,治疗组在对照组的基础上,以益气养阴、凉血散瘀为治疗大法给予中药口服。比较两组患者治疗第3周及治疗第6周口干程度、唾液腺损伤程度、卡氏评分、唾液流率及唾液pH值,检测两组患者放疗前后肝功能肾功能[丙氨酸氨基转移酶(alanine transaminase,ALT)、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(aspartateaminotransferase,AST)、肌酐(serum creatinine,Scr)、血尿素氮(blood urea nitrogen,BUN)]水平变化情况。结果:两组患者治疗前均无口干、唾液腺损伤等症状,第3周出现口干、唾液腺损伤等症状,差异无统计意义(P 0. 05);第6周治疗组口干、唾液腺损伤等症状较对照组轻,差异具有统计学意义(P 0. 05)。第3周两组患者唾液流率明显下降、pH值显著升高,第6周唾液流率继续降低、pH值持续升高,唾液流率治疗组明显高于对照组,治疗组pH值低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P 0. 05)。两组患者卡氏评分、肝功能及肾功能指标比较,差异无统计学意义(P 0. 05)。结论:益气养阴、凉血散瘀能明显降低老年鼻咽癌患者放疗期间唾液腺损伤程度,缓解患者口干等症状。     

参一胶囊联合三维适形放疗治疗老年食管癌34例

目的分析参一胶囊联合三维适形放疗治疗老年食管癌患者的疗效和不良反应。方法64例老年食管鳞癌患者随机分为2组,试验组34例采用参一胶囊联合三维适形放疗,对照组30例采用单纯放疗。结果试验组与对照组的近期有效率分别为85.2%和53.3%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。2组不良反应主要为骨髓移植、放射性食管炎和放射性肺炎,试验组的不良反应发生率均低于对照组(P0.05)。试验组的1年、2年、3年生存率均高于对照组(P0.05)。结论参一胶囊联合三维适形放疗治疗老年食管癌可增加近期疗效,提高患者生存率,同时降低放疗所致不良反应。     

Effect of feeding Mucuna pruriens on helminth parasite infestation in lambs

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Mucuna pruriens is a tropical legume anecdotally reputed to have anthelmintic properties. This study was conducted to examine the validity of such claims.

Aim of the study

The aim of this study was to determine if ingestion of Mucuna seeds reduces helminth parasite infestation in lambs.

Materials and methods

Thirty-six Dorper × Katahdin ram lambs were assigned to three treatments, a cottonseed meal based control diet, a diet in which Mucuna replaced cottonseed meal and the control diet with levamisole (7.5 mg/kg body weight) administration. All diets were isonitrogenous and isocaloric. The 12 lambs in each treatment were assigned randomly to 4 pens, each containing 3 lambs. Lambs were trickle infected three times per week by gavage with infectious Haemonchus contortus larvae (2000 larvae/lamb) for 3 weeks.

Results

Levamisole treatment decreased fecal egg counts by 87% and abomasal worm counts by 83%. Mucuna intake did not statistically affect fecal egg counts or abomasal worm counts, though numerical (P > 0.10) reductions of 7.4% and 18.1%, respectively were evident. Anemia indicators, feed intake, and lamb growth were unaffected by treatment.

Conclusions

Levamisole reduced the Haemonchus parasite burden in lambs significantly but feeding Mucuna reduced the burden by levels unlikely to eliminate the clinical effects of parasitism.     

Investigation of plant extracts in traditional medicine of the Brazilian Cerrado against protozoans and yeasts

Aim of the study

To investigate the activities of the 217 plant extracts in traditional medicine of the Brazilian Cerrado against protozoans and yeasts.

Materials and methods

Plant extracts were prepared by the method of maceration using solvents of different polarities. The growth inhibition of chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum strain (FcB1) was determined by measuring the radioactivity of the tritiated hypoxanthine incorporated. Activity against Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi and Trypanosoma cruzi was measured by the MTT colorimetric assay. The antifungal tests were carried out by using the CLSI method. The active extracts were tested also by cytotoxicity assay using NIH-3T3 cells of mammalian fibroblasts.

Results

Two hundred and seventeen extracts of plants were tested against Plasmodium falciparum. The eleven active extracts, belonging to eight plant species were evaluated against L. (L.) chagasi, Trypanosoma cruzi, yeasts and in NIH-3T3 cells. The results found in these biological models are consistent with the ethnopharmacological data of these plants. The ethyl acetate extract of Diospyros hispida root showed IC₅₀ values of 1 μg/mL against Plasmodium falciparum. This extract demonstrated no toxicity against mammalian cells, resulting in a significant selectivity index (SI) of 435.8. The dichloromethane extract of Calophyllum brasiliense root wood was active against Cryptococcus gattii LMGO 01 with MIC of 1.95 μg/mL; and Candida albicans ATCC 10231 and Candida krusei LMGO 174, both with MIC of 7.81 μg/mL. The same extract was also active against Plasmodium falciparum and L. (L.) chagasi with IC₅₀ of 6.7 and 27.6 μg/mL respectively. The ethyl acetate extract of Spiranthera odoratissima leaves was active against Cryptococcus gattii LMGO 01 with MIC of 31.25 μg/mL, and against Plasmodium falciparum with IC₅₀ of 9.2 μg/mL and Trypanosoma cruzi with IC₅₀ of 56.3 μg/mL.

Conclusion

The active extracts for protozoans and human pathogenic yeasts are considered promising to continue the search for the identification and development of leading compounds.     

真菌的中药干预研究近5年进展

近年来真菌感染率逐年上升,传统抗真菌药物易产生耐药性,而中药在防治真菌感染方面具有一定的优势。本文就近5年来中药对白念珠菌、皮肤癣菌、曲霉菌、马拉色菌、串珠镰孢菌、申克孢子丝菌、新生隐球菌及真菌生物膜的干预研究进展进行综述。     

α-Glucosidase inhibitory activity of selected Philippine plants

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Antidesma bunius Spreng. (Phyllantaceae), Averrhoa bilimbi L. (Oxalidaceae), Biophytum sensitivum (L.) DC. (Oxalidaceae), Ceriops tagal (Perr.) C.B. Rob. (Rhizophoraceae), Kyllinga monocephala Rottb. (Cyperaceae), and Rhizophora mucronata Lam. (Rhizophoraceae) are used as remedies to control diabetes. In the present study, these plants were screened for their potential α-glucosidase inhibitory activity.

Materials and methods

The 80% aqueous ethanolic extracts were screened for their α-glucosidase enzyme inhibitory activity using yeast alpha glucosidase enzyme.

Results

Except for A. bilimbi with IC₅₀ at 519.86±3.07, all manifested a significant enzyme inhibitory activity. R. mucronata manifested the highest activity with IC₅₀ at 0.08±1.82 μg mL⁻¹, followed by C. tagal with IC₅₀ at 0.85±1.46 μg mL⁻¹ and B. sensitivum with IC₅₀ at 2.24±1.58 μg mL⁻¹.

Conclusion

This is the first report on the α-glucosidase inhibitory effect of the six Philippine plants; thus, partly defining the mechanism on why these medicinal plants possess antidiabetic properties.     

European medicinal polypores – A modern view on traditional uses

Ethnopharmacological relevance

In particular five polypore species, i.e. Laetiporus sulphureus, Fomes fomentarius, Fomitopsis pinicola, Piptoporus betulinus, and Laricifomes officinalis, have been widely used in central European folk medicines for the treatment of various diseases, e.g. dysmenorrhoea, haemorrhoids, bladder disorders, pyretic diseases, treatment of coughs, cancer, and rheumatism. Prehistoric artefacts going back to over 5000 years underline the long tradition of using polypores for various applications ranging from food or tinder material to medicinal–spiritual uses as witnessed by two polypore species found among items of Ötzi, the Iceman. The present paper reviews the traditional uses, phytochemistry, and biological activity of the five mentioned polypores.

Materials and methods

All available information on the selected polypore taxa used in traditional folk medicine was collected through evaluation of literature in libraries and searches in online databases using SciFinder and Web of Knowledge.

Results

Mycochemical studies report the presence of many primary (e.g. polysaccharides) and secondary metabolites (e.g. triterpenes). Crude extracts and isolated compounds show a wide spectrum of biological properties, such as anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic, and antimicrobial activities.

Conclusions

The investigated polypores possess a longstanding ethnomycological tradition in Europe. Here, we compile biological results which highlight their therapeutic value. Moreover, this work provides a solid base for further investigations on a molecular level, both compound- and target-wise.     

厚朴与凹叶厚朴群体遗传学研究

目的:对厚朴与凹叶厚朴的群体遗传学进行研究,为中药厚朴的质量控制提供分子生药学方面的依据。方法:对厚朴与凹叶厚朴15个居群应用2个叶绿体基因间序列psbA-trnH和trnL-trnF进行PCR扩增并测序,计算厚朴与凹叶厚朴单倍型频率,用程序HaploNst分析遗传多样性和遗传结构,应用TCS version 1.13软件构建单倍型网状进化树。结果:厚朴与凹叶厚朴均无特有单倍型存在,但单倍型频率存在显著差异,已开始出现遗传分化的趋势,NST略大于GST。结论:厚朴与凹叶厚朴在遗传上已出现遗传分化的趋势,但尚未完全分化成彼此独立的单系。     

Antiplasmodial activity of extracts from seven medicinal plants used in malaria treatment in Cameroon

Aim of the study

In a search for new plant-derived biologically active compounds against malaria parasites, we have carried out an ethnopharmacological study to evaluate the susceptibility of cultured Plasmodium falciparum to extracts and fractions from seven Cameroonian medicinal plants used in malaria treatment. We have also explored the inhibition of the Plasmodium falciparum cysteine protease Falcipain-2.

Materials and methods

Plant materials were extracted by maceration in organic solvents, and subsequently partitioned or fractionated to afford test fractions. The susceptibility of erythrocytes and the W2 strain of Plasmodium falciparum to plant extracts was evaluated in culture. In addition, the ability of annonaceous extracts to inhibit recombinant cysteine protease Falcipain-2 was also assessed.

Results and discussion

The extracts showed no toxicity against erythrocytes. The majority of plant extracts were highly active against Plasmodium falciparumin vitro, with IC₅₀ values lower than 5 μg/ml. Annonaceous extracts (acetogenin-rich fractions and interface precipitates) exhibited the highest potency. Some of these extracts exhibited modest inhibition of Falcipain-2.

Conclusion

These results support continued investigation of components of traditional medicines as potential new antimalarial agents.     

中国石斛属植物文献计量研究

石斛是珍稀濒危中药材,目前正处于快速发展阶段。为全面了解我国石斛属植物研究的历史和发展现状,作者以1954～2010年"中国知网中国学术期刊网络出版总库"收录的石斛研究文献为依据,采用文献计量学的原理和方法,对我国石斛属植物研究文献从文献年代分布、期刊分布与被引频率、主题分布、研究对象分布、作者与研究机构分布等方面进行了统计与分析。结果表明,我国石斛研究明显分为起步(2个)、停滞、平稳发展、快速上升5个阶段;期刊分布存在离散性与集中性并存的现象,已形成核心期刊研究群,并以《中国中药杂志》、《中草药》和《陕西中医》为代表;研究主题广泛涉及临床与药理、组织培养与种苗繁育、成分分析等多个领域,已经形成比较稳定的研究机构和团队,但研究对象差异显著,以铁皮石斛、金钗石斛和霍山石斛最为集中。我国石斛属植物的研究已取得显著成果,但种植产业发展缓慢,供需矛盾突出,预计种苗繁育与人工种植、产品开发、化学与药理等方面是未来的研究热点,其文献报道仍将进一步上升。     

列当属、肉苁蓉属和草苁蓉属植物传统药物学调查

通过野外资源调查、整理各大标本馆标本原始记录和查阅文献记载等方法,系统整理、总结、归纳了列当属、肉苁蓉属和草苁蓉属民族药用植物种类、功效及民间使用情况,结果表明列当属6种药用植物在4个少数民族间作为7种民族药应用,草苁蓉属2种药用植物在8个少数民族间作为10种民族药应用,肉苁蓉属2种药用植物在3个少数民族间作为3种民族药应用,且同种药用植物常作不同民族药;发现3属植物的传统疗效主要集中在补肾壮阳、止血和止痛3个方面,并且该传统疗效与现代药理研究结果基本吻合。因此深入研究植物种类丰富的列当属植物资源对缓解肉苁蓉植物资源匮乏局面和扩大药源具有积极意义。     

金银花类药用植物IspE和IspH基因克隆和生物信息学分析

目的:克隆金银花类药用植物4-二磷酸胞苷-2-C-甲基赤藓糖激酶(4-diphosphocytidyl-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol kinase,IspE)和4-羟基-3-甲基-2-邻苯基二磷酸还原酶(4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enyl diphosphate reductase,IspH)基因,并对其基因序列、蛋白特性和转录活性进行分析、比较.方法:从忍冬Lonicera japonica转录组测序结果中分析获得了IspE,IspH基因.分别以忍冬、红白忍冬L.japonica var.chinensis、红腺忍冬L.hypoglauca和水忍冬L.dasystyla新鲜花蕾为材料,利用RT-PCR技术克隆获得了4种金银花类药用植物IspE和IspH基因的全长cDNA.运用生物信息学分析软件,预测编码蛋白的结构和功能,并通过RT-PCR检测IspE和IspH在忍冬、红白忍冬、红腺忍冬、水忍冬花蕾中的转录情况.结果:金银花类药用植物IspE基因含有1个完整的开放阅读框,长度为1 221 bp,编码406个氨基酸;IspH含有一个完整的开放阅读框,长度为1 380 bp,编码459个氨基酸.IspE和IspH均为非分泌蛋白,均定位于叶绿体中.RT-PCR分析结果表明在忍冬、红腺忍冬和水忍冬的花蕾中IspE,IspH基因的转录水平没有显著差异,但红白忍冬花蕾中IspE,IspH基因的转录水平均显著高于忍冬.结论:克隆获得忍冬、红白忍冬、红腺忍冬和水忍冬中IspE,IspH基因,并证实了其在不同金银花类药用植物中的表达,为进一步研究IspE,IspH基因对萜类化合物生物合成和花香气以及颜色的影响奠定了基础.