压力递减压迫止血法在经股动脉介入治疗术后的应用

目的 探讨经股动脉介入治疗术后有效、安全的压迫止血方法。方法 将86例经股动脉介入治疗术后患者随机分为传统组（50例）与改进组（36例）。传统组采用常规压迫止血法，改进组采用一次性股动（静）脉气囊压迫止血带进行压力递减压迫止血。观察两组术肢制动时间、血管并发症及不良反应。结果改进组术肢制动时间厦血管并发症，腰酸、腹胀发生率显著低于传统组（P〈0．01，P〈0．05）。结论经股动脉介入治疗术后通过压力递减法进行压迫止血。既可达到有效压迫止血的目的，又能减少传统压迫止血所致的不良反应。     

血管闭合器用于PCI术后止血效果观察

将 15 0例行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗 (PCI)的冠心病病人随机分为两组 ,对照组 75例术后采用外力压迫止血 ,观察组 75例采用Angio seal血管闭合器止血。结果观察组股动脉穿刺点血管并发症发生率显著低于对照组 (P <0 .0 1) ;下肢制动时间及止血时间显著少于对照组 (均P <0 .0 1)。提示血管闭合器比外力压迫止血更安全、有效。     

不同途径经皮冠状动脉心脏介入诊疗并发症的分析

目的 探讨经桡动脉和经股动脉途径行心脏介入诊疗相关并发症.方法 220例择期行心脏介入诊疗患者随机分为经桡动脉途径组(观察组)和经股动脉组组(对照组),观察两组止血压迫时间、住院时间和外周血管并发症.结果 两组病人一般情况无差异,但外周血管并发症、止血压迫时间和住院时间有显著性差异(P＜0.05).结论 经桡动脉途径行心脏介入诊疗优于经股动脉途径.     

老年患者冠状动脉造影术后不同股动脉止血方法的效果比较

目的：评价冠状动脉造影及经皮冠状介入治疗术后老年患者股动脉穿刺部位不同止血方法的效果及安全性.方法：268例行冠状动脉造影及经皮冠状动脉介入治疗的老年患者,平均年龄63.8岁,根据不同股动脉止血方法分为3组.A组82例采用徒手压迫法止血 B组87例采用M-GU动脉压迫器止血 C组99例采用Angio血管闭合器止血.比较3组患者术后制动时间、止血效果及术后并发症发生率.结果：A组止血成功率为98.8%（81/82例）,B组为97.7%（85/87例）,C组为96.0%（95/99例）,3组间差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.止血和制动时间比较,C组[（4.3±1.1）min和（4.9±0.9）h]少于B组[（6.2±1.2）min和（12.2±1.5）h],B组少于A组[（23.2±3.6）min和（25.7±2.3）h].并发症的发生情况：3组间局部渗血和假性动脉瘤的发生率差异无显著性 尿潴留和腰痛并发症的发生率差异存在显著性,C组（2.0%和7.1%）低于A组（14.6%和42.7%）和B组（6.9%和20.7%）.结论：3种止血方法的止血效果无差异,但是应用血管闭合器止血可以有效缩短老年患者止血时间及下肢制动时间,减少并发症发生,患者易于接受.     

冠状动脉介入诊疗术后血管闭合装置与压迫止血效果比较

目的 比较经皮冠状动脉介入性诊疗术后使用血管闭合装置与传统人工压迫止血方式对外周血管并发症的影响.方法 选择冠状动脉介入性诊疗术后使用血管闭合装置的62例为观察对象(血管闭合装置组),选择与之匹配的以人工压迫方式止血的68例患者作为对照(人工压迫组),比较两组术后卧床时间及穿刺血管并发症发生率.结果 血管闭合装置组患者术后卧床时间显著短于人工压迫组(P＜0.01);两组穿刺血管并发症发生率比较,差异无显著性意义(均P＞0.05).结论 冠状动脉介入性诊疗术后使用外周血管闭合装置可缩短患者卧床时间,但是否能降低外周血管并发症的发生率尚需进一步研究.     

ExoSeal血管封堵器在股总动脉顺行入路腔内治疗中的应用

目的探讨ExoSeal血管封堵器在股总动脉顺行入路行下肢动脉腔内再通术治疗中的安全性及临床应用价值。方法回顾性分析303例(316条患肢)接受顺行下肢动脉再通治疗患者的临床及影像资料,其中127例患者接受ExoSeal血管封堵器对股动脉穿刺点止血(血管封堵器组),176例患者接受传统压迫止血(手工压迫组)。记录并比较2组止血时间、实际制动时间、技术成功率及血管相关并发症。结果血管封堵器组与手工压迫组的止血时间分别为(3.68±2.40)min和(18.32±4.54)min,实际制动时间分别为(3.45±5.30)h和(10.44±14.68)h,技术成功率分别为98.52%(133/135)和93.92%(170/181),并发症发生率分别为2.22%(3/135)和8.84%(16/181),2组比较差异均有统计学意义(P均0.05)。血管封堵器组发生皮下血肿2例,腹膜后血肿1例;手工压迫组发生皮下血肿15例,穿刺侧肢体急性血栓形成1例。结论采用ExoSeal血管封堵器在股动脉顺行腔内治疗中对股动脉穿刺点止血是一种安全、有效的方法。     

不同止血方式在腹主动脉瘤介入治疗中的临床效果比较

目的比较不同止血方式在腹主动脉瘤介入治疗中的安全性、有效性及临床应用价值。方法前瞻性收集新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院血管外科2014年6月至2014年11月因腹主动脉瘤入院患者临床资料,共45例,穿刺肢体64条,其中Pro Glide联合Angioseal缝合股动脉穿刺孔19条;Pro Glide交叉缝合股动脉穿刺孔20条;股动脉开放缝合25条。比较术中止血时间、出血量、制动时间、以及术后舒适度和早期并发症发生情况。结果 Proglide联合Angioseal组止血时间低于Proglide交叉缝合组和常规切开组(P0.05);出血量、下肢制动时间和术后舒适度方面两组间差异无统计学意义(P0.05),但均优于切开组(P0.05)。各组均无大血管并发症发生,在皮下淤血或血肿等小血管并发症方面差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论血管闭合器能有效缩短止血时间、出血量、制动时间及减轻术后疼痛;Proglide联合Angioseal闭合大孔径穿刺口与Proglide交叉缝合相比可能更有优势。     

心导管术后应用Angioseal血管封堵器的效果观察

目的探讨Angioseal血管封堵器使用后患者的并发症与舒适度。方法将135例经股动脉行冠状动脉介入治疗术的患者,术后按是否接受封堵器止血分为2组,观察组(65例)采用Angioseal血管封堵器止血,对照组(70例)按常规方法止血,观察两组下肢制动时间、血管并发症发生率和舒适度。结果观察组下肢制动时间较对照组明显缩短(P<0.01);舒适度增加,排尿困难及血肿发生率明显降低(P<0.01,P<0.05)。结论Angioseal封堵器安全有效,能明显缩短患者下肢制动时间;减少血肿、排尿困难的发生率,改善患者的舒适度。     

介入术后鱼形沙袋压迫止血的效果观察

目的探讨介入术后压迫止血的有效方法,控制局部并发症发生.方法将行介入治疗的患者452例随机分为对照组(196例)和观察组(256例),对照组介入术后用高弹性胶布压迫止血,观察组用自制鱼形沙袋压迫止血.观察两组止血效果及并发症发生率.结果观察组无局部出血及并发症发生;对照组局部发生出血16例(8.16%),皮肤过敏反应128例(65.31%)、水泡50例(25.51%).两组比较,差异有显著性意义(均P＜0.01).结论介入术后患者采用自制鱼形沙袋压迫止血,止血效果显著,且能有效控制局部并发症的发生.     

气囊压迫止血在冠状动脉介入诊疗术后的应用

目的 观察气囊压迫止血在冠状动脉介入诊疗术后的应用效果,减少局部并发症的发生.方法 将506例经股动脉穿刺行冠状动脉诊疗术的患者随机分为对照组(224例)和观察组(282例),对照组术后穿刺点用弹力胶布固定,沙袋压迫止血;观察组用自制气囊压迫止血.观察两组止血效果、局部并发症发生率和术侧肢体舒适度.结果 观察组出血2例(0.7%),无局部并发症发生,30例(10.6%)患者诉术侧肢体麻木;对照组出血190例(84.8%),131例(58.5%)局部皮肤发生并发症,219例(97.8%)诉术侧肢体麻木,两组比较,差异有显著性意义(均P＜0.01).结论气囊压迫止血对冠状动脉介入术后止血效果显著,减少了局部并发症的发生,增进了患者舒适感.     

药物涂层球囊PTA治疗下肢动脉硬化闭塞症

目的 观察药物涂层球囊经皮腔内血管成形术（PTA）治疗下肢动脉硬化闭塞症（LEAOD）的临床效果。方法 将43例LEAOD患者（43条患肢）随机分为观察组（21例）和对照组（22例）。对观察组给予药物涂层球囊PTA治疗,对照组行普通球囊PTA。记录2组患者术前及术后7天Fontaine分期,分别于术前及术后1、3、6个月统计靶动脉段股浅动脉血管内径、再狭窄率及踝肱指数（ABI）,术后6个月时靶动脉段股浅动脉血管狭窄情况。结果 术后7天2组Fontaine分期均较术前降低（P均<0.05）。观察组术后1、3、6个月时靶动脉段股浅动脉内径均大于对照组（P均<0.05）,再狭窄率均低于对照组（P均<0.05）;术后3、6个月观察组ABI均大于对照组（P均<0.05）。术后6个月时,观察组14例靶动脉段股浅动脉血管狭窄率<30%、4例30%~50%、3例>50%（无100%者）,对照组2例狭窄率<30%、10例狭窄率30%~50%、10例>50%（2例100%）,组间比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）。结论 药物涂层球囊PTA治疗LEAOD安全、有效,能够降低再狭窄率,且近期疗效优于普通球囊。     

Reactive hyperaemia of the human lower limb. A comparison between the effect of tourniquet occlusion, selective arterial occlusion and intra-arterial papaverine injection.

Reactive hyperaemia of the lower limbs in 30 non-atherosclerotic subjects and in 24 patients operated for arterial occlusive disease was investigated preoperatively by electromagnetic flowmetry of the femoral artery. In normal limbs maximal flow values after 5 minutes of tourniquet occlusion averaged 482% of basal flow. Maximal flow increased little when occlusion time was extended beyond 2 minutes. This indicated that occlusion times shorter than the conventional 5 minutes were sufficient in clinical reactive hyperaemia tests. Selective occlusion of the normal femoral artery induced a maximal flow, which was about 50% of that obtained by tourniquet occlusion. The flow increase observed after papaverine injection in this group was 88% of the response induced by 5 minutes of tourniquet occlusion. After arterial reconstruction 5 minutes of selective occlusion of the reconstructed artery induced a maximal flow, which was only 150% of basal flow, whereas papaverine injection increased blood flow to 261.0% of basal level in this group. It is concluded that the hyperaemia induced by intraarterial papaverine injection is considered a useful index of the possibility of flow increase after arterial reconstructions.     

Balloon-assisted remote external iliac artery endarterectomy: A safe and durable technique for the treatment of iliac artery occlusive disease

BackgroundHistorically, the treatment of iliac artery occlusive disease required a surgical bypass usually consisting of an aortobifemoral bypass or an iliofemoral bypass. With the advent of balloon angioplasty and stenting, these procedures are frequently replaced with endovascular options. However, the treatment of diffuse occlusive disease of the external iliac artery (EIA) using balloon angioplasty and/or stenting does not carry a favorable long-term patency rate. Remote endarterectomy of the EIA using ring dissectors with balloon assistance provides a novel, controlled, safe, and durable treatment of the diseased and/or occluded EIA.MethodsA retrospective review over the past 6 years was performed at our institution identifying patients treated with balloon-assisted remote endarterectomy of the EIA by the current five practicing vascular surgeons. The technique involves exposure of the ipsilateral common femoral artery. With nonocclusive disease, direct access into the common femoral artery is performed, a wire is traversed through the diseased EIA, and a balloon is inflated at the origin of the vessel providing hemostasis and control. A femoral endarterectomy is performed, and a ring dissector is passed over the endarterectomized material including the wire and balloon catheter and advanced remotely through the EIA up to the balloon. The balloon is briefly deflated, repositioned within the ring dissector, and reinflated, thus cutting the plaque. This allows for retraction of the inflated balloon and cutter, removing the endarterectomized core plaque. The procedure is similar for the treatment of an occluded EIA, but wire access across the occluded vessel is normally achieved with contralateral access. In both cases, the balloon provides control and hemostasis and is critically important in the rare treatment of vessel rupture.ResultsA total of 101 vessels were treated in 97 patients. The procedure was successful in 98 vessels (97%) with failure related to vessel rupture requiring conversion to an iliofemoral bypass. The estimated patency rate at three years was 94% with a median follow-up of 20 months. Restenosis/occlusion in four patients seemed to be related to a severe sclerotic response. The EIA was occluded 32% of the time. The common iliac artery (CIA) was diseased requiring angioplasty and stenting 29% of the time and a stent was placed at the transition zone between endarterectomized vessel and nontreated proximal most EIA or distal most CIA 58% of the time. There were no perioperative deaths.ConclusionsBalloon-assisted remote endarterectomy of the diffusely diseased and/or occluded EIA is a safe and durable option. It precludes the need for a prosthetic conduit and the risk of associated infection. It also involves a single groin incision and negates the need for retroperitoneal exposure of the CIA.     

Effects of transient ischemia on nutrient flow and arteriovenous shunting in canine hindlimb.

A canine model was developed to simulate use of a pneumatic tourniquet in the clinical setting in order to study the acute and delayed effects of transient ischemia on limb and tissue blood flow, using radioactive microspheres and electromagnetic flow probes. Experimental femoral artery flow rose markedly after tourniquet ischemia, and remained significantly elevated for 24 hours (p less than 0.01). Blood flow to the rectus femoris and anterior tibial muscles rose significantly (p less than 0.05) immediately after tourniquet ischemia, and the latter remained significantly elevated at 24 hours (p less than 0.05). Blood flow to the skin of the experimental limbs was elevated significantly (p less than 0.05), immediately ater tourniquet ischemia, and at no other time. Blood flow to the nerves did not increase to its maximum until 15 minutes after tourniquet deflation, and by 24 hours was normal. Tibial and femoral marrow blood flow remained significantly lower in the experimental limb throughout the 24-hour period. Ater tourniquet ischemia (300 mmhg; 2 hours), greatly increased femoral artery flow was related to reactive hyperemia in skin, muscle, and nerve. Twenty-four hours after tourniquet deflation, there was a significant increase in femoral artery and anterior tibial muscle blood flow, and significant arteriovenous shunting from the experimental limb. These data suggest that the hemodynamic response to a transient ischemic injury is more prolonged and of greater magnitude than previously believed.     

不同止血方法对冠状动脉介入术后病人的影响

目的探讨血管缝合器对冠心病介入诊疗术后病人的影响。方法将 4 18例冠状动脉造影和介入治疗病人分为两组 ,观察组 2 0 8例术后应用血管缝合器止血 ,对照组 2 10例术后采用常规人工压迫止血 ,比较两组术后不良反应发生率。结果两组穿刺局部损伤、排尿困难、舒适度、失眠及焦虑发生率比较 ,差异有显著性意义 (均P <0 .0 1)。结论血管缝合器由于缩短了止血时间及卧床制动时间 ,不仅能减少穿刺局部的出血和血肿 ,尚能改善病人的焦虑心理、舒适度及睡眠 ,减轻排尿困难等不适。     

经肱动脉路径冠状动脉介入治疗患者组合式压迫止血器应用效果观察

目的 探讨组合式压迫止血器在经肱动脉路径行冠脉动脉介入治疗压迫止血的效果。方法 将经肱动脉路径行冠状动脉介入治疗患者60例分成两组各30例。对照组采用3M弹力绷带加压包扎的常规止血方法,观察组采用组合式压迫止血器压迫止血。比较两组压迫止血即刻,术后2 h、4 h、6 h出血发生率、局部肿胀程度及疼痛评分;压迫24 h局部压力性损伤发生率。结果 观察组不同时段局部肿胀程度及疼痛评分显著低于对照组,总出血发生率和压力性损伤发生率显著低于对照组(均P<0.05)。结论 组合式肱动脉止血器应用于经肱动脉路径行冠状动脉介入治疗压迫止血效果良好,操作安全且能减轻患者疼痛,预防压力性损伤发生。     

大隐静脉曲张手术所致严重血管损伤的治疗

目的 总结大隐静脉曲张手术导致严重血管损伤并发症的治疗经验.方法 回顾性分析2004年12月至2009年4月收治的4例(5条肢体)大隐静脉曲张手术发生严重血管损伤患者的临床资料.对1条股总动脉末端至胫后动脉上段动脉被剥脱的肢体应用人工血管行动脉重建术,术后肢体坏疽行膝上截肢术;对3条股浅动脉被剥脱10～15 cm的肢体取自体大隐静脉行动脉重建术,术后5 d对1条坏死肢体行膝上截肢术.1条股浅静脉被切除2 cm的肢体取自体大隐静脉行股浅静脉重建术.结果 4例患者中,围手术期无死亡病例,4条动脉损伤肢体中2条肢体(50%)行膝上截肢术;2条肢体(50%)得到保伞,随访12～46个月,平均29个月,血管通畅良好.1例股浅静脉损伤患者恢复良好.结论 提高对医源性血管损伤的认识,术中规范操作,辨明解剖,可以减少和预防严重血管并发症的发生;一旦有血管损伤应早期而有效的处理.     

注射毒品所致假性股动脉瘤治疗体会(附34例)

目的探讨注射毒品所致假性股动脉瘤的外科疗法。方法对34例注射毒品所致假性股动脉瘤病人的临床资料进行回顾分析。结果13例直接采用ePTFE人造血管行旁路髂外动脉和股浅动脉端侧吻合术,3例采用自体大隐静脉原位移植术,其中1例术后吻合口破裂出血改行ePTFE人造血管行旁路髂外动脉动脉和股浅端侧吻合术,18例股动脉结扎术。全部病例保肢成功。血管移植者术后复查彩色多普勒显示移植血管通畅。结论在患者不能采用合适的自体大隐静脉移植及人造血管移植时,运用结扎股动脉术是治疗注射毒品所致假性股动脉瘤的有效方法。