蔗糖在真空冷冻干燥和储藏过程中对兔角膜内皮细胞保护作用的实验研究

目的本文评价蔗糖在冻干兔角膜中的价值，并探讨其作用机制。方法在影响冻干兔角膜效果的其他因素固定前提下，使用二甲基亚砜、白蛋白为抗冻剂基础上加入不同浓度的蔗糖。（对照组中蔗糖浓度梯度为2．5％，5．0％，7．5％，10．0％；实验组Ⅰ中均为0；实验组Ⅱ中为73．5％，15．0％，22．5％，30．0％；实验组Ⅲ中为25．0％，50．0％，75．0％，100．0％）实验分两阶段进行即冷冻阶段和冻干阶段。通过台盼兰和茜素红联合染色评价其活性。计算平均ESR，进行统计学分析。结果冷冻阶段，对照组平均ESR为96．1％，实验组Ⅰ平均ESR为94．0％，实验组Ⅱ平均ESR为95．2％，与对照组经方差分析蔗糖为不显著因素。实验组Ⅲ平均ESR为40．7％，经方差分析蔗糖为显著因素。干燥阶段，对照组平均ESR为40．3％，实验组Ⅱ的ESR为71．1％，实验组Ⅰ、实验组Ⅲ的ESR无法计算。方差分析表明，在冻干阶段蔗糖为高显著因素。结论蔗糖在冻干兔角膜中对内皮细胞具有保护作用。在冷冻阶段蔗糖起协同保护作用。在干燥阶段起主要保护作用。蔗糖对冻干兔角膜中对内皮细胞保护作用与浓度有关，保护液中蔗糖浓度梯度为7．5％，15．0％，22．5％，30．0％时，保护效果最好。     

枸杞多糖冷冻干燥过程参数优化研究

目的优化枸杞多糖的冻干过程参数,阐明其对所需升华耗时以及冻干率的影响。方法以冻干率与升华耗时为指标,采用正交试验法,考察物料厚度、冻干制品温度、解析温度、解析时间对枸杞多糖冻干过程的影响。结果物料厚度对升华干燥耗时影响较显著,而冻干制品温度影响较少。解析温度升高、解析时间延长有利于提高其制品的冻干率。冻干枸杞多糖的过程参数优化结果为:冻干制品温度-25℃,解析温度35℃,解析时间10 h。结论该冻干曲线可行。     

海藻糖在血细胞冻干保存中的应用

海藻糖是目前血细胞冻干保存中最常用的保护剂,作为一种稳定的非还原性双糖,它在细胞冷冻、干燥、冻干过程中对细胞活性有着良好的保护作用并显露出在血细胞冻干保存中的广阔应用前景。本文主要就冻干对血细胞损伤机理,海藻糖对血细胞冻干过程中的保护机制及海藻糖在血细胞冻干保存中的研究现状进行综述。     

角膜屈光度简便测量法在人工晶体计算中的应用

采用角膜直径测量法换算角膜屈光度，并设计编制了《角膜屈光度与角膜直径换算表》，推导出计算角膜屈光度的公式，并与日本ＫＭ－３００型角膜计对照比较，结果，差异无显著意义（Ｐ＞０．０５）。并对方法、原理及在拟植入人工晶体屈光度计算中的应用作了说明和介绍。     

保护剂对人胎盘血丙种球蛋白冻干品溶解速率的初步探讨

1933年Flosdorf采用冻干方法制出了干燥人血清及血浆并用于预防和治疗。随着治疗血清精制方法的改进和使用要求,已广泛使用冻干方法制备干燥血清和各种免疫球蛋白。而采用盐析法制备的免疫球蛋白冻干后难溶,通常需30分钟以上(蛋白含量8％以上),且外观结晶粗糙。为了加快冻干球蛋白的溶解速度,参考日本安达秀雄的报导,在冻干前添用氨基酸和醣类作为保护剂     

美容性角膜成形术41例分析

为了解除角膜混浊，睑球粘连和先天性角膜畸形者的精神苦恼，恢复期眼部容貌美，作者采用板层角膜移植，穿透角膜移植，联合睑球粘连分离的角膜成菜术，并采用干燥保存角膜，新鲜尸体角膜修补等方法治疗４１例角膜病变患者，结果外观满意者２４例基本满意者１０例，不满意者７例，术后疗效观察，单纯性角膜混浊者，通过角膜移植术，如不发生术后严重并发症，疗效较满意，而们有严重睑球粘连的角膜混浊者，采用联合睑球粘连分离的角膜     

注射用盐酸多西环素的冻干工艺探讨

目的:探讨注射用盐酸多西环素的冻干工艺.方法:用正交试验对该产品的预冻温度和时间、升温速度、主干燥温度和压力、2次干燥温度和压力等影响冻干的主要因素进行了筛选.结果:预冻温度和时间、主干燥温度和压力为主要影响因素.结论:注射用盐酸多西环素的冻干参数为预冻温度为-35℃,预冻时间为3 h,主干燥升温时间为2 h,主干燥温度为-5℃.     

清开灵注射液治疗干燥综合征疗效总结

按国际干燥综合征诊断标准选择６０例患者，设治疗组３０例，采用清开灵注射液治疗；对照组３０例，采用ＳＳＩ号口服液治疗。治疗结果，治疗组的唾液、泪液分泌增加，角膜莹光染色、唾液Ｎａ＋、血沉，均改善明显。与对照组相比差异显著。清开灵注射液对阴虚内热型、气滞血瘀型、肝郁型的疗效显著，对原发型干燥综合征的疗效优于继发型干燥综合征。     

人红细胞冻干程序优化的实验研究

目的 探讨冻干程序中几种参数设置对红细胞冻干复水后回收率的影响.方法 将红细胞装入细管分别用四种模式对其进行降温,降温完成后将细管取投入25℃水浴中,对其外形变化进行比较判断玻璃化的程度;将冻好的样品放入冻干机搁板上,温度分别设置为-40、-50、-60、-70和-80℃,对样品进行冻干;对干燥开始不同温度、升温速率、红细胞样品在每一温度干燥的时间等多因素加以比较;最后测定了红细胞残余含水量.结果 直接将样品投入液氮中降温,保护液在冷冻或溶化过程中形成玻璃化而未出现冰晶.搁板温度为-70℃和-80℃时红细胞回收率没有显著性差异(P>0.05),这两组与其他各温度下的回收率均有显著性差异(P<0.01).E程序下的红细胞和血红蛋白回收率最高,分别为83.14%±9.55%和85.33%±11.42%.与其他各程序间存在显著差异(与A、B、C相比P<0.01;与D相比P<0.05).随着残余含水量的增多,细胞回收率呈正相关的增加趋势.结论 冻干中采用液氮快速降温,搁板温度预冷至-70℃,开始干燥时的温度越接近样品最初在搁板的平衡温度,红细胞升华干燥阶段升温速率越均匀缓和,红细胞的冻干效果越好.     

利用电脑与不规则面积软件观察角膜上皮缺损面积的变化

在眼科临床研究药物对角膜上皮缺损的影响中，以往多采用测绘地图法计算角膜上皮缺损面积；或采用米格纸法，但均有一定误差，使实验结果不够精确。北京市眼科研究所用裂隙灯图像分析系统算出缺损面积比值。对于设备有限的基层不适宜推广普及。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.