部队在高原越野前后RBC—SOD和血液流变学的变化

探讨海拔５０００ｍ以上地区剧烈运动前后ＲＢＣ──ＳＯＤ活性和血液流变性的变化。５１名平原青年在海拔３７００和５２７０ｍ处进行５公里跑步越野，越野前静息状态和越野后即刻检测ＲＢＣ－ＳＯＤ和６项血液流变学指标。ｔ检验分组比较，结果：静息状态随海拔升高ＲＢＣ－ＳＯＤ活性逐步下降，５２７０ｍ较３７００ｍ下降非常显著（Ｐ＜０．０１），ＨＣＴ和ηｂ逐步增高，亦相差非常显著（Ｐ＜０．０１），ＰＦＣ无显著改变。ＴＫ在３７００ｍ较１４００ｍ增加非常显著（Ｐ＜０．０１），５２７０ｍ较３７００ｍ虽有增加但无统计学意义。ＴＦＬ随海拔升高增加非常显著或增加显著（Ｐ＜０．０１或Ｐ＜０．０５），ＭＳＴ虽有增加但无显著性差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。越野后即刻较越野前，海拔３７００ｍＲＢＣ－ＳＯＤ、ηｂ、ＴＦＬ显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０５），ＭＳＴ降低非常显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）。海拔５２７０ｍＲＢＣ－ＳＯＤ和ηｂ降低非常显著（Ｐ＜０．０１），其它指标无显著性改变。结论：随海拔升高ＲＢＣ－ＳＯＤ活性降低，血液粘度增高；剧烈运动后ＲＢＣ－ＳＯＤ进一步降低，血液粘度相对降低。     

不同海拔地区健康人血清α＿1－抗胰蛋白酶水平的比较分析

本文应用火箭免疫电泳法分别测定了不同海拔地区总共５７３例健康人血清α＿１－ＡＴ水平，其中上海（海拔５ｍ）３５９人，西宁（海拔２２６０ｍ）１２９人，青海热水（海拔３７００ｍ）８５人。结果为：上海地区健康人血清α＿１—ＡＴ水平２．８１±０．６８ｇ／Ｌ，西宁３．９１±１．１１ｇ／Ｌ，热水３．３６±０．８２ｇ／Ｌ。结果表明，健康人血清α＿１－ＡＴ水平由高到低依次是西宁、热水、上海。经统计学分析三组之间差别有高度显著性意义（Ｐ＜０．０１），而与性别无关（Ｐ＞０．０５）、提示健康人随居住地海拔增高血清α＿１－ＡＴ水平有增高趋势。这种改变可能与海拔增高，空气中氧分压下降刺激肝细胞和肺泡巨噬细胞合成α＿１－ＡＴ增加有关，但随着海拔进一步增高，这种作用反而受到抑制。     

高原低氧与循环内皮素细胞计数及内皮素—1和心钠素含量的相关性研究

目的：探讨高原低氧环境下血管内皮细胞（ＶＥＣ）的损伤情况及功能变化;方法：对从平原（海拔１４００ｍ）进驻海拔３７００ｍ（１０人）与５３８０ｍ（２０人）高原第７天和年年的青年进行循环内皮细胞计数（ＣＥＣ）、血浆内皮素－１（ＥＴ－１）和心钠素（ＡＮＰ）含量测定,并与平原作对照。结果：在高原缺氧条件下,血浆ＣＥＣ计ＥＴ－１、ＡＮＰ含量明显高于平原（Ｐ〈０．０１）,且随海拔高度的升高而增高（Ｐ〈０．０１）     

高原低氧与循环内皮细胞计数及内皮素-1和心钠素含量的相关性研究

目的：探讨高原低氧环境下血管内皮细胞（ＶＥＣ）的损伤情况及功能变化;方法：对从平原（海拔１ ４００ｍ ）进驻海拔３ ７００ｍ （１０ 人）与５ ３８０ｍ （２０ 人）高原第７ 天和半年的青年进行循环内皮细胞计数（ＣＥＣ）、血浆内皮素－１（ＥＴ－１）和心钠素（ＡＮＰ）含量测定,并与平原作对照。结果：在高原缺氧条件下,血浆ＣＥＣ计数和ＥＴ－１、ＡＮＰ含量明显高于平原（Ｐ＜ ０．０１）,且随海拔高度的升高而增高（Ｐ＜ ０．０１）,初入高原时明显高于在高原居住半年的数值（Ｐ＜ ０．０５ 或Ｐ＜ ０．０１）。在不同海拔高度居住不同时间的ＥＴ－１与ＣＥＣ和ＡＶＰ呈高度正相关;结论：血管活性肽ＥＴ－１、ＡＮＰ分泌可能对急、慢缺氧环境下的心血管系统功能及神经内分泌调节具有重要意义。     

健康青年进驻高原血清TNF-α和IL-6的变化

目的：探讨高原低氧环境下外周血肿瘤坏死因子（ Ｔ Ｎ Ｆ－ α） 和白细胞介素－ ６（ Ｉ Ｌ－ ６） 水平的变化及其意义。方法：对从平原进驻海拔３ ７００ ｍ 和５ ３８０ ｍ 高原第７ ｄ 和半年的健康青年,应用放射免疫分析法测定血清 Ｔ Ｎ Ｆ－ α和 Ｉ Ｌ－ ６ ,并与平原（ 海拔１ ４００ ｍ） 健康青年作对照。结果：高原低氧环境 Ｔ Ｎ Ｆ－ α和 Ｉ Ｌ－ ６ 水平明显高于平原（ Ｐ＜ ０ ．０５ 或 Ｐ＜ ０ ．０１） ,且随海拔高度的升高而增高（ Ｐ＜ ０ ．０１） ,随居住时间的延长而降低（ Ｐ＜ ０ ．０５ 或＜ ０ ．０１） 。结论： Ｔ Ｎ Ｆ－ α和 Ｉ Ｌ－ ６ 参与了机体急、慢性低氧的应激过程,诱导体内免疫细胞因子网络系统处于激活状态。     

毫米波辐射孕鼠对仔代的影响

为阐明毫米波导致仔鼠学习记忆功能降低机制，用３７．４ＧＨｚ￣６０ＧＨｚ、１ｍＷ／ｃｍ＾２￣８ｍＷ／ｃｍ＾２毫米波在小鼠怀孕６￣１５天进行２ｈ／ｄ辐射，用电迷宫对仔鼠进行学习记忆功能测试，用ＲＢＡ、ＨＰＬＣ－ＥＣＤ及ＲＩＡ对仔鼠脑Ｍ－Ｒ、单胺递质和ＡＶＰ进行测定。结果显示：随功率密度增加，辐射导致仔鼠学习记忆功能损伤程度加重、脑内ＡＶＰ及ＤＡ水平递减、海马区Ｂｍａｘ递增，５３ＧＨｚ及６０ＧＨｚ辐射导     

进驻高原不同海拔高度不同时间健康青年血脂与载脂蛋白的变化

目的：探讨不同海拔高度不同居住高原时间健康人脂质代谢状况；方法：对从平原进驻海拔３７００ｍ和５３８０ｍ高原第７天和半年的某部官兵血清胆固醇（Ｃｈ），甘汪三酯（ＴＧ），高密度脂蛋白（ＨＤＬ－Ｃ），低密度脂蛋白（ＬＤＬ－Ｃ）及载脂蛋白Ａ－１（ＡｐｏＡ－１），载脂蛋白Ｂ（ＡｐｏＢ）进行检测，并与海拔１４００ｍ健康青年作对照。结果：初入高原Ｃｈ、ＴＧ明显高于平原（Ｐ〈０．０５或Ｐ〈０．０１），且随海拔高度     

高原肺水肿治疗前后血脂,脂蛋白和载脂蛋白的改变

目的：研究高原肺水肿脂质代谢的改变。方法：于海拔３７００ｍ对８例高原肺水肿患者在治疗前和临床治愈后检测其血清胆固醇（ｃｈ）、甘油三脂（ＴＧ）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＨＤＬ－Ｃ）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＬＤＬ－Ｃ）、载脂蛋白Ａ－１（ＡＰＯＡ－１）和载脂蛋白Ｂ（ＡＰＯＢ）的含量，并以初入相同海拔高度的健康青年为对照。结果：治疗前较治愈后ＴＧ、ＬＤＬ－Ｃ增高的有显著性（Ｐ〈０．０５），ｃｈ、ＡＰＯＢ增高有非     

不同海拔地区高原红细胞增多症患者红细胞免疫功能测定

目的：对刚察（海拔３３００ｍ）和甘德（海拔４０８０ｍ）两地的８１例高原红细胞增多症（ＨＡＰＣ）患者和８８例健康人进行红细胞免疫功能观察。方法：采用郭峰红细胞花环法：ＲＢＣ－Ｃ３ｂＲ,ＲＢＣ－ＩＣＲ试验。结果：两海拔地区的ＨＡＰＣ患者的ＲＢＣ－Ｃ３ｂＲ均低于当地健康人（Ｐ〈０．００１）。结论：认为可能是低氧低氧压导致红细胞粘附功能下降、清除免疫复合物的能力也下降所致,因此研究ＨＡＰＣ患者红细胞免疫功     

高原地区重体力工人劳动能力与全血5—羟色胺代谢的研究

探讨不同海拔高原低氧环境对重体力劳动者劳动能力的影响，研究以工地筑路民工为对象。采用荧光技术测定海拔２２６０ｍ移居３６００ｍ、５０５０ｍ筑路民工在重体力劳动负荷下全血５－羟色胺的变化。随海拔的升高，氧分压下降，筑 工劳动时间和劳动强度均在２２６０ｍ筑路工相等。但劳动效率明显降低，全血５－羟色胺含量梯度增高。移居３６００ｍ、５０５０ｍ筑路工二组与２２６０ｍ比较ｔ分别为２．３８６和３．１８，Ｐ均〈０．     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.