内窥镜取大隐静脉在冠状动脉搭桥术中的应用

目的 比较内窥镜与传统手术方法在冠状动脉搭桥术提取大隐静脉中的临床效果.方法 自2007年3月至2008年6月,215例患者接受冠状动脉搭桥手术,87例接受内窥镜手术方法提取大隐静脉,128例接受传统手术方法提取大隐静脉.结果 术后随访1～17个月,内窥镜组在腿部伤口愈合、疼痛、腿部水肿恢复、皮肤感觉方面明显优于传统手术组,差异有统计学意义(P均＜0.05).结论 内窥镜提取大隐静脉手术创伤小,可以显著降低腿部伤口的并发症发生率,提高患者满意度,而且不影响静脉质量,是一种较好的方法.     

高位结扎联合腔内钬激光治疗大隐静脉曲张的疗 效

目的 探讨高位结扎联合腔内钬激光治疗大隐静脉曲张的临床疗效.方法 将90例大隐静脉曲张患者按治疗方法不同分为2组：微创组40例采用高位结扎联合腔内钬激光治疗,对照组50例采用传统手术方法治疗.比较2组的手术时间、术后住院时间、切口数目、复发率及皮下淤血、小腿皮肤麻木感发生情况.结果 微创组患者伤口均一期愈合,无感染病例,大部分患者下肢症状减轻或消失.所有患者随访1～20个月,均无活动障碍及下肢深静脉血栓形成.微创组的手术时间、切口数目、术后住院时间及皮下淤血、小腿皮肤麻木感发生率都较对照组明显减少,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论 高位结扎联合腔内钬激光治疗与传统手术方法比较具有切口少、手术时间短、恢复快、住院时间短、术后并发症少等优点;但在临床广泛应用仍有其局限性.     

A new approach to an old and vexing problem: subfascial endoscopic perforator surgery.

Chronic venous insufficiency with venous hypertension causes leukocyte trapping, lipodermatosclerosis, and finally, skin ulceration involving the lower extremity. Perforator vein incompetence has been identified as an important contributing factor to ulceration when abnormally elevated pressure is transmitted to areas of affected skin, usually at the ankle medially. Surgical techniques for ligation of incompetent communication veins were first popularized by Linton and Dodd from 1940 to 1950. Early techniques used extensive longitudinal incisions for subfascial ligation through indurated skin. These procedures were plagued with wound complications: delayed healing, skin necrosis, and infection. Techniques continued to evolve that used minimally invasive incisions and avoided zones of affected skin. With the availability of endoscopic, fiberoptic, and laparoscopic advances in surgery, instrumentation has been developed for minimally invasive endoscopic approach to accomplish subfascia endoscopic perforator surgery (SEPS) under direct vision. SEPS is now used alone and in combination with other venous interventions to reduce transmission of venous hypertension to affected skin areas. The SEPS procedure, its indications, and the history of surgical treatment of perforator vein incompetence are discussed. Unique problems related to short hospital stays and postoperative care are outlined. This review will help the vascular nurse understand the rationale and techniques of SEPS. This comprehension will enable provision of accurate information to the patient and a knowledge-based plan of care.     

冠状动脉旁路移植术中联合应用内窥镜采集大隐静脉和直视采集桡动脉与单纯应用内窥镜采集大隐静脉的比较

目的:探讨内窥镜采集大隐静脉联合直视采集桡动脉在冠状动脉旁路移植术中的应用效果。方法:2009年1月至2010年6月,35例冠状动脉旁路移植患者联合应用内窥镜采集大隐静脉(EVH)和直视桡动脉采集(联合组),同期28例患者单纯应用EVH(单纯组)。对比两组患者搭桥支数、切口并发症、采集大隐静脉时间、采集大隐静脉长度,采集移植血管长度,采集移植血管时间。结果:两组患者搭桥支数[联合组(3.56±0.76)支,单纯组(3.48±0.82)支,P=0.78]和切口并发症(联合组17.1%,单纯组14.3%,P=0.61)均无明显差异。联合组采集大隐静脉长度较单纯组显著短[联合组(23.6±3.4)cm,单纯组(42.1±7.2)cm,P<0.001],采集大隐静脉时间显著较单纯组少[联合组(33.2±10.8)min,单纯组(44.3±11.4)min,P<0.001]。联合组采集桡动脉血管长度(17.5±2.6)cm,耗时(36.5±6.7)min。两组采集移植血管长度无明显差异[联合组(43.4±6.1)cm,单纯组(42.1±7.2)cm,P=0.82],采集移植血管时间联合组明显少于单纯组[联合组34.1±8.7)min,单纯组(44.3±11.4)min,P<0.001]。结论:在冠状动脉旁路移植术中联合内窥镜采集大隐静脉和直视采集桡动脉,减少了内窥镜采集大隐静脉的长度,缩短了手术时间,有较好的临床应用价值。     

Current perspectives in endoscopic vessel harvesting for coronary artery bypass grafting

Coronary artery bypass grafting is still the most commonly performed procedure in cardiac surgery. Minimally invasive or endoscopic vessel harvesting was developed a decade ago. It has been shown that these less traumatic techniques significantly reduce wound healing problems and improve patient satisfaction. However, there are some concerns regarding bypass patency and long-term outcomes. The aim of this article is to describe the historic development of endoscopic vessel harvesting, different harvesting techniques and to give an update of the scientific evidence and the current debate regarding outcome and safety of these minimally invasive techniques.     

Current perspectives in endoscopic vessel harvesting for coronary artery bypass grafting

Coronary artery bypass grafting is still the most commonly performed procedure in cardiac surgery. Minimally invasive or endoscopic vessel harvesting was developed a decade ago. It has been shown that these less traumatic techniques significantly reduce wound healing problems and improve patient satisfaction. However, there are some concerns regarding bypass patency and long-term outcomes. The aim of this article is to describe the historic development of endoscopic vessel harvesting, different harvesting techniques and to give an update of the scientific evidence and the current debate regarding outcome and safety of these minimally invasive techniques.     

Treatment failure after rotational atherectomy and balloon angioplasty in recurrent cystic adventitial disease of the popliteal artery: a case report

Cystic adventitial disease (CAD), which usually affects the popliteal artery, is a rare vascular condition in which fluid accumulates in the sub-adventitial layer, compressing the lumen. Historically, surgical treatment is preferred over endovascular or minimally invasive techniques, due to its lower recurrence rates. Here, the case of a 67-year-old male patient, in whom rotational atherectomy was performed for recurrent CAD following surgical cyst excision and patch angioplasty is reported. The patient’s symptoms recurred one day after the rotational atherectomy procedure and repeat computed tomography angiography showed recurrence of the disease. Due to gradual worsening of the condition during 8 months of follow-up, left distal femoral artery to popliteal artery (below-the-knee) bypass surgery was performed using an ipsilateral reversed great saphenous vein graft. Follow-up has continued for 2 years without complications or requirement of additional treatment. This novel case is the first report of atherectomy attempted for recurrent CAD that led to an early recurrence. Our experience emphasises that additional surgical approaches should be selected over endovascular procedures for treating recurrent CAD.     

Endoscopic surgery of the Achilles tendon

The value of endoscopic surgery as a minimally invasive treatment is well recognized and includes less perioperative pain, less scarring, minimal blood loss, and faster recovery. While open surgery on the Achilles tendon is notorious for wound complications, the tendon is situated in a well-formed tunnel allowing surgical procedures to be performed endoscopically. Various endoscopic techniques have been successfully applied to the treatment of non-insertional Achilles tendinopathy, Haglund's syndrome, Achilles tendon rupture, and equinus contracture. Although the evidence is currently limited, results from authors acquainted with the techniques have been encouraging. Both an understanding of surgical anatomy of the hindfoot and familiarity in soft tissue endoscopy are required to achieve successful outcomes while minimizing complications.     

Minimally invasive surgery. Bedside tracheostomy and gastrostomy

Minimally invasive surgical techniques have gathered tremendous momentum. Most patient benefit is realized in the ambulatory setting. Smaller incisions result in less pain and earlier return to activities. Critically ill patients typically do not benefit from minimally invasive techniques in this manner; however, they do benefit from other aspects of minimally invasive tracheostomy and gastrostomy. Small tracheostomy wounds are associated with reduced wound problems (infection and breakdown). The small stab wounds of minimally invasive gastrostomy are associated with less pain and with an absence of fascial dehiscence. Furthermore, because these procedures are performed easily and safely at the bedside, transport and operating room costs are avoided. Although these procedures are minimally invasive, they are major procedures. Devastating complications can become life-threatening. Attention to detail is required to avoid or respond promptly to complications. In this way, patients receive maximal benefit at minimal risk.     

A Retrospective Review of Leg Wound Complications After Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery

Little research or attention has been paid to finding out whether wound closure with sutures or staples attains the best outcomes after saphenous vein harvest for coronary artery bypass grafting. We undertook a quality improvement project to compare the prevalence of leg wound complications (eg, infection, seroma, hematoma, dehiscence) between two types of skin closure (ie, staples, subcuticular sutures) after conventional open surgery with bridging between incisions and vein harvesting during coronary revascularization to determine the need for practice changes. We found no significant differences between patients with wound complications and those without. However, in this project, the risk for infections was greater for patients with diabetes whose wounds were closed by using subcuticular sutures. These findings have led to practice changes for reducing leg wound complications within our institution: clinicians now assess patients for increased risk of leg wound complications preoperatively and opt to close wounds with staples for patients who have diabetes.     

间断小切口采取大隐静脉在冠状动脉旁路移植中的临床应用

目的总结冠状动脉旁路移植术中使用间断小切口采取大隐静脉的经验,并与传统长切口作比较。方法选择行冠状动脉旁路移植术患者60例,随机分成两组,每组30例。一组采用间断小切口取大隐静脉（间断小切口组）,另一组采用传统长切口取大隐静脉（传统长切口组）。比较两组切口长度、大隐静脉总长度、采取时间、下肢切口缝合时间、切口并发症等指标。结果两组在采取大隐静脉的过程中均未发生大隐静脉主干损伤及移植血管质量相关的手术并发症。与传统长切口组比较,间断小切口组切口长度、下肢切口缝合时间短,切口近期并发症发生率低（P〈0.05）,大隐静脉总长度、采取时间、切口远期并发症发生率相近,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论间断小切口采取大隐静脉效果良好,较传统长切口有助于术后切口美容及减少术后下肢切口并发症。     

Minimally invasive saphenous vein harvesting

The intent of this article is to describe the emergence and continuing evolvement and improvement in harvesting saphenous veins by the minimally invasive versus the traditional open technique. The comparison of endoscopic versus open techniques, patient population, systems limitations, clinical outcomes, and perioperative care of the patient will be discussed. The author's intent is to take a multidisciplinary approach.     

Video assisted endoscopic saphenous vein harvest

Summary

The saphenous vein remains the mainstay as the conduit in a great majority of coronary artery bypass operations. The traditional method of vein harvesting results in substantial morbidity. An alternate, less traumatic method for saphenous vein harvest is desirable to reduce or eliminate healing problems in the legs. A system of endoscopic vein harvest was utilized to harvest the saphenous vein through one or more small incisions in 81 patients from 14 May 1996 to 12 September 1996. The system consists of subcutaneous tunnelling and dissecting instruments using a video camera for visualization. To date, no major wound complications have been encountered in 114 harvest sites. Minor drainage, haematomas or ecchymoses have not required additional treatment and have not delayed recovery. Patient acceptance has been enthusiastic. We conclude that this technology represents a breakthrough in reducing the annoying and costly morbidity associated with saphenous vein harvest. The initial cost of the equipment and longer operating times initially will be more than offset by a reduction in the need for follow-up treatment and avoidance of delayed recovery.     

Endoscopic surgery for facial lipoma excision

Minimally invasive endoscopic surgery in the neck, first reported by Gagner in 1996, has been adopted by a number of other surgical specialties. We have developed new techniques for performing endoscopic enucleation lipoma. Using our new techniques, various complications, such as injury to nerves and vessels, are prevented. The technique generates cosmetically satisfying results. Expansion of minimally invasive surgery into the facial area will be enhanced by the future development of instruments for this area, and decrease operating time and hospital stay.     

Minimally invasive procedures on the lumbar spine

Degenerative disease of the lumbar spine is a common and increasingly prevalent condition that is often implicated as the primary reason for chronic low back pain and the leading cause of disability in the western world. Surgical management of lumbar degenerative disease has historically been approached by way of open surgical procedures aimed at decompressing and/or stabilizing the lumbar spine. Advances in technology andsurgical instrumentation have led to minimally invasive surgical techniques being developed and increasingly used in the treatment of lumbar degenerative disease. Compared to the traditional open spine surgery, minimally invasive techniques require smaller incisions and decrease approach-related morbidity by avoiding muscle crush injury by self-retaining retractors, preventing the disruption of tendon attachment sites of important muscles at the spinous processes, using known anatomic neurovascular and muscle planes, and minimizing collateral soft-tissue injury by limiting the width of the surgical corridor. The theoretical benefits of minimally invasive surgery over traditional open surgery include reduced blood loss, decreased postoperative pain and narcotics use, shorter hospital length of stay, faster recover and quicker return to work and normal activity. This paper describes the different minimally invasive techniques that are currently available for the treatment of degenerative disease of the lumbar spine.     

Thoracoscopic enucleation of esophageal leiomyomas: a feasible and safe procedure

In recent years, minimally invasive approaches have been introduced, providing thoracoscopic/laparoscopic techniques in the treatment of esophageal leiomyomas. We determined the technical feasibility and patient safety of thoracoscopic enucleation of esophageal leiomyomas by evaluation of 10 consecutive patients undergoing this procedure. For the surgical approach, a four-trocar access via the right pleural cavity in single-lung ventilation was chosen. All minimally invasive procedures were successfully completed without conversion to open surgery. Every tumor was completely resected without opening of the mucosa. No relevant intra- or postoperative complications were detected. These data suggest that thoracoscopic enucleation is a feasible and safe procedure for esophageal leiomyomas.     

经大隐静脉置入下腔静脉滤器的临床应用

目的探讨经大隐静脉置入下腔静脉滤器（IVCF）的安全性和可行性。方法将有IVCF 置入指征的60例单侧下肢深静脉血栓形成患者随机分成经股静脉组（30例）和经大隐静脉组（30例）,分别经股静脉穿刺和大隐静脉切开置入IVCF,比较两组患者的手术时间、切口长度、术后住院时间及并发症情况。结果两组60例患者均成功实施IVCF置入,无围手术期死亡患者。大隐静脉组手术时间与股静脉组比较,差异无统计学意义（t=0.29,P＞0.05）,大隐静脉组手术切口长度长于腔静脉组,差异有统计学意义（t=-24.70,P＜0.05）,术后下床活动时间、术后住院时间均较股静脉短,差异均有统计学意义（t分别=35.04、3.30,P均＜0.05）。大隐静脉组术后发生并发症例数和穿刺口点血肿明显少于股静脉组,差异有统计学意义（χ2分别=6.67、7.93,P均＜0.05）,两组均无死亡病例及切口感染病例。结论因经大隐静脉置入IVCF、安全可行,并发症发生率较低,是一种新型、可供选择的手术方式之一。     

Minimally invasive vein therapy and treatment options for endovenous heat-induced thrombus

Radiofrequency ablation and endovenous laser therapy are types of minimally invasive techniques that have been used in the treatment of chronic venous insufficiency. In both procedures, high-intensity heat via thermal energy is produced and delivered via an endovenous catheter placed in the saphenous vein. This results in changes that therapeutically induce closure of the vein by denaturing the vessel wall with subsequent thrombus formation. Patients undergo ultrasound 48 to 72 hours postprocedure to confirm vessel occlusion and assess for possible extension of thrombus into the deep venous system. Thrombus is frequently visualized with the procedure in the tributaries, the venous dilations, and at times the saphenofemoral junction. In any other setting, thrombus at the saphenofemoral junction would warrant anticoagulation. However, the characteristics, composition, and behavior of endovenous heat-induced thrombus are different than de novo thrombosis. This postprocedure endovenous heat-induced thrombus is considered a normal consequence of the procedure and does not require traditional anticoagulation in most cases, depending on the location.     

完全点式剥脱治疗小隐静脉瓣膜功能不全疗效观察

目的探讨完全点式剥脱术治疗下肢小隐静脉的手术方法及疗效。方法对2004年10月至2011年4月间,应用该手术方法治疗的40例患者（47条下肢）下肢小隐静脉曲张的临床资料进行回顾性研究。观察其手术时间、术后住院时间、并发症、手术效果及对切口外观满意度等。结果本组肢体行小隐静脉完全点式剥脱,手术时间平均45min;手术后平均1．5d出院。所有患者术后下肢静脉曲张消失,临床症状缓解。腓肠神经损伤（外侧足背皮肤麻木感）1例（2．5％）。无严重并发症发生。全部患者获得随访,平均随访24（1～48）个月,无明确的下肢静脉曲张复发;1例腓肠神经损伤的患者在术后2个月恢复。无下肢深静脉血栓等严重的并发症发生,疗效满意。结论小隐静脉完全点式剥脱术治疗下肢静脉曲张的手术方法是外科方法中简单、微创、有效的治疗方法。