基于Linux和Qt4便携式医疗仪器的开发方法

针对便携式医疗仪器的特点,本文提出了一种采用嵌入式Linux操作系统和跨平台应用程序框架Qt4快速开发便携式医疗设备的方法.开发过程包括开发环境的建立,Linux和Qt编译、移植以及应用软件的设计.在此基础上,本文设计了一种手指脉搏波监测显示设备的系统软件,此实例证实应用上述方法所开发的系统界面友好,可实时、清晰地显示脉搏波形.结果表明,利用本文提出的方法开发便携式医疗仪器是一种有效、快速的开发方法.     

智能导医系统的流媒体优化设计与实现

目的:一个完整高效的多媒体信息发布平台是医院数字化,信息化进程中一个很重要的组成部分。本文采用流媒体技术、嵌入式技术对功能单一的智能导医系统进行优化,以其为基础设计一个完整的流媒体视频播放系统,医院可以此为平台使其成为一个功能全面的多媒体信息发布系统。方法:在服务器端构建一个SQL数据库,用于存放需要播放的视频信息,在PC端设置一个管理终端用来对视频数据进行管理;搭建ARM+Linux平台作为播放终端,播放终端可根据人流情况安放在医院的不同区域,并在其上实现流媒体视频数据传输,以及视频数据的解码、播放等功能。结果:视频数据库能很好的进行检索,管理终端与播放终端之间视频数据传输正常,所占用的网络带宽少,播放流畅,播放分辨率640×480的视频,帧率可达25帧每秒,能较好的满足视频播放的要求,音视频同步效果较好。结论:经过优化后的导医系统功能更全面,成本更低,整个系统的可移植性高。医院利用该平台不仅能够给病人以准确的导医信息,而且能够利用该平台进行医药广告的投放、信息的发布、科室及医院的宣传,还能为患者提供更多的医学常识、健康养生、急救等方面的知识,能进一步提高医院的服务质量与效率。     

基于ARM的嵌入式Linux系统在便携式医学仪器开发中的应用

在便携式医学仪器的设计中,越来越注意到仪器的智能化、个性化、网络化等要求,如何设计一个符合这些要求的通用开发平台显得非常必要.基于ARM的嵌入式Linux系统的软硬件平台就是一个明智选择,本文介绍了构建这一平台的一般过程,并通过在微型多参数监护仪研制中心电测量模块的设计实例介绍了这一平台的实际应用.     

SASH1通过MAP2K2和MAP4K4与ERK信号通路交互作用

目的 探讨新候选抑癌基因SASH1与细胞外调节蛋白激酶(ERK)信号通路的两个关键分子MAP2K2和MAP4K4的蛋白-蛋白相互作用关系.方法 用Xho Ⅰ和HpaⅠ构建SBP-Flag-SASH1-pBABE-puro反转录病毒载体,转染HEK-293T细胞,通过嘌呤霉素筛选出稳定表达外源性SASH1基因的细胞系.Western blot检测外源性Flag-SASH1蛋白表达,利用pull-down实验、质谱技术、免疫沉淀鉴定和分析与SASH1结合的并可能调节细胞增殖、转移和凋亡等的关键蛋白.用SASH1-siRNA1和SASH1-siRNA2分别转染MDA-MB-231细胞系,以空白组和Negative-siRNA组为对照.72 h后Western blot检测SASH1的干扰效果和P-ERK1/2水平.结果 成功构建稳定表达SBP-Flag-SASH1-pBABE-puro重组质粒的HEK-293T细胞系,SASH1与MAP2K2和MAP4K4结合并发生相互作用.SASH1-siRNA有效抑制MDA-MB-231细胞SASH1蛋白表达(P＜0.05),且P-ERK1/2在SASH1抑制组表达增加.结论 MAP2K2和MAP4K4是SASH1的重要的候选结合蛋白,SASH1可能通过与其直接或间接结合串话ERK信号传导通路,进而调节细胞增殖和迁移等细胞生物学功能.     

CD14与TLR2、TLR4在天然免疫中的相互作用

CD14与Toll样受体(TLRs)是天然免疫中重要的模式识别分子。CD14能够结合细菌内毒素脂多糖(LPS)，TLR2可以介导多种G^ 细菌细胞壁成分与细胞的反应，TLR4是介导LPS细胞内信号转导的关键分子。在天然免疫中CD14与TLR2／TLR4协同作用，能够介导机体与多种病原体成分的反应。本文主要就CD14与TLR2／TLR4的协同作用作一综述。     

KIR2DL4基因的多态性与南方汉族白血病的相关性研究CSCD

目的探讨南方汉族人群白血病与KIR2DL4等位基因多态性的相关性。方法提取南方汉族急性淋巴细胞白血病（acute lymphoblastic leukemia,ALL）（n=283）、急性髓系白血病（acutemyeloid[eukemia,AML）（n=227）、慢性髓系白血病（chronic myeloid leukemia,CMI。）（n=80）患者和306名南方汉族随机正常志愿捐血者的DNA基因组,应用本实验室自行设计的引物对KIR2DL4基因的全部8个外显子进行测序分型,用Assign4．7分析软件判定基因型。用SPSS13．0统计软件分别对检出的每个KIR2DIA等位基因、10A型等位基因和9A型等位基因的检出比例分别进行差异显著性分析,并进行P值校准（Pc）。结果ALL、AML、CMI,患者和正常对照均检出5种等位基因：KIR2DIA＊001、＊005、＊006、＊008、＊011。ALL病例组与对照组的KIR2DI．4＊011等位基因检出比例、10A型KIR2DL4等位基因检出比例的差异有统计学意义（KIR2DL4＊011：OR=1．66,P=0．01;10A型K琥2DIA：OR=0．42,P=0．03）,但尸值经过校准后,差异均无统计学意义（Pc≥O．05）。AML、CML病例组分别与对照组检出的各个KIR2DL4等位基因、10A型等位基因和9A型等位基因的检出比例进行比较,组间比较差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05、Pc〉0．05）。结论南方汉族ALL、AML、CML白血病与KIR2DL4等位基因多态性无显著关联。     

心电图机热敏打印系统的设计与实现

介绍了一款基于ARM9的心电图机热敏打印系统的设计与实现.硬件方面分析了系统的框图及热敏打印头和步进电机的核心电路,软件方面介绍了SPI接口驱动程序的编写及基于位图的波形映射算法.结果 表明,该系统比传统的心电图机打印系统灵活性更高,波形质量更好.     

NK细胞受体KIR2DL4的结构与功能

KIR2DL4分子是NK细胞受体(NKR)的一种,属于免疫球蛋白样(IgSF)受体家族成员,主要分布在自然杀伤(Natural killer,NK)细胞上。KIR2DL4是HLA-G分子的特异性受体,结构上具备激活性和抑制性受体的双重特点,能够通过不同途径影响NK细胞的活性,具有重要的免疫调节功能。     

CD14与TLR2、TLR4在天然免疫中的相互作用

CD1 4与Toll样受体 (TLRs)是天然免疫中重要的模式识别分子。CD1 4能够结合细菌内毒素脂多糖 (LPS) ,TLR2可以介导多种G+ 细菌细胞壁成分与细胞的反应 ,TLR4是介导LPS细胞内信号转导的关键分子。在天然免疫中CD1 4与TLR2 /TLR4协同作用 ,能够介导机体与多种病原体成分的反应。本文主要就CD1 4与TLR2 /TLR4的协同作用作一综述     

2型糖尿病人尿白蛋白排泄率与尿IgG4的相关研究

目的 测定18例正常人和70例2型糖尿病病人24小时尿UAER(mg/24h)和尿IgG4(μg/24h),计算IgG4/AER指数.方法 70例2型糖尿病病人分为3组：正常尿蛋白组25例(NDN组,UAER<30mg/24h)、微量白蛋白组27例(EDN组,UAER30～300mg/24h)和临床期肾病组18例(CDN组,UAER>300mg/24h).结果 尿IgG4水平CDN组(338.4±228.5ug/24h)、EDN组(96.0±81.7ug/24h)均明显高于NDN组(9.9±6.3ug/24h)和正常对照组(9.8±4.4ug/24h),差异有非常显著性(p<0.01).IgG4/AER指数在CDN组明显降低(0.31±0.28),与EDN组(0.87±0.63)、NDN组(0.68±0.40)和正常对照组(0.66±0.33)分别比较,差异有显著性(p<0.05).3组糖尿病人分别进行UAER与IgG4直线相关分析,结果NDN组(r=0.6153),EDN组(r=0.7550),呈非常显著正相关(p<0.001),CDN组(r=0.1615)两者之间无显著相关(p>0.05).结论 尿IgG4水平在早期糖尿病肾病已显著升高,与UAER显著正相关,IgG4/AER指数下降可能预示肾病变发展.     

Involvement of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal Accumulation in Multiple System Atrophy

Recent studies have suggested implications for α-synuclein cytotoxicity in the pathomechanism of multiple system atrophy (MSA). Given in vitro evidence that α-synuclein generates oxidative stress, it is proposed that lipid peroxidation may be accelerated in MSA. To address this issue, we performed an immunohistochemical analysis of protein-bound 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (P-HNE) in sections of archival, formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded pontine materials of eight sporadic MSA patients and eight age-matched control subjects. In the MSA cases, P-HNE immunoreactivity was localized in all of the neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions and glial cytoplasmic inclusions, both of them identified with α-synuclein and ubiquitin. It was also detectable in reactive astrocytes and phagocytic microglia but undetectable in activated microglia. By contrast, P-HNE immunoreactivity in the control cases was only very weak or not at all in the parenchyma including neurons and glia. The present results provide in vivo evidence that HNE participates in α-synuclein-induced cytotoxicity and neuroinflammation in MSA.     

P2X4受体在大鼠神经系统的分布

目的　　观察Ｐ２Ｘ４受体在大鼠神经系统的分布。方法　　Ｐ２Ｘ４受体特异性抗体的免疫细胞化学染色。结果　　Ｐ２Ｘ４受体阳性神经元主要分布于嗅球、前扣带回皮质、梨状皮质、内侧隔核、杏仁中央核、海马ＣＡ３区、乳头体上核、脚间核、三叉神经中脑核、三叉神经运动核、孤束核、最后区、穹窿下器、小脑皮质的Ｐｕｒｋｉｎｊｅ细胞、延髓和脊髓后角Ⅰ层和Ⅱ层、背根神经节和三叉神经节。结论　　Ｐ２Ｘ４受体阳性结构广泛分布于大鼠神经系统,为ＡＴＰ发挥作用提供了位点。     

C2_4_4 microheterogeneity and HLA Class I

The microheterogeneity of the tetranucleotide repeat locus C2_4_4 situated in the HLA class I region (6p21.3) was investigated by sequencing 50 alleles in an Austrian population sample of 240 unrelated Caucasoid individuals. Several different sequences were found in alleles of the same length. Analysis of the associations between the sequenced C2_4_4 alleles and HLA class I showed a strong linkage disequilibrium between the C2_4_4*9 sequence variants and two different HLA class I haplotypes, as well as between the most common *17 sequence and one HLA-ABC haplotype. No clear cut association could be observed in C2_4_4*16 and *18. The results of this study demonstrate that the exclusive use of microsatellite polymorphisms for the definition of HLA haplotypes is generally not possible.     

胰腺癌中CXCR-4和MMP-2的表达及其临床意义

目的 探讨CXCR-4和MMP-2在胰腺癌中的表达及其临床意义和互相关系.方法 采用免疫组化PV6000法检测47例胰腺癌组织中CXCR-4和MMP-2的表达.结果 47例胰腺癌组织中CXCRd及MMP-2的阳性率分别为72.3%、66.0%,二者均与胰腺癌的转移、临床分期和预后有关(X2值7.26～12.69,P<0.05).CXCR-4和MMP-2阳性表达率与胰腺癌大小、性别、年龄和组织学分级无关(x2值0.03～4.27,P>0.05).胰腺癌组织中CXCR-4的表达与MMP-2的表达呈正相关(r=0.587,P<0.01).结论 CXCR-4可能通过上调MMP-2的表达,共同促进胰腺癌的浸润和转移;CXCR-4及MMP-2可作为判断胰腺癌生物学行为的指标.     

Treatment of old mice with IL-2 corrects dysregulated IL-2 and IL-4 production

Splenic T cells from old BALB/c mice, activated in vitro withantibody to CD3e, secrete more IL-4 but less IL-2 than splenicT cells from young mice. The age-associated increase in IL-4secretion is associated with a significantly increased concentrationof intracellular IL-4 and its mRNA, although there is no increasein the number of activated T cells with intracellular IL-4.In contrast, the age-associated decrease in IL-2 secretion isassociated with a significant decrease in the number of activatedT cells with intracellular IL-2. In vivo there is a similarage-associated change in the number of activated T cells withdetectable cytokine. The number of activated T cells with intracellularIL-4 is comparable in old and young mice, while the number ofactivated T cells with intracellular IL-2 is significantly decreasedin old compared with young mice. Of great interest is the factthat old mice continuously exposed to IL-2 In vivo followingthe transplantation of J558 cells expressing the transfectedIL-2 gene product have an increased number of splenic T cellswith intracellular IL-2 that equals the level of such cellsobserved in young mice. Most important, the effect of continuousIL-2 administration in vitro was stable as spleen cells fromold, IL-2-treated mice when stimulated in vitro with anti-CD3ehad a young-like pattern of both intracellular IL-2 and IL-4expression as well as IL-2 and IL-4 secretion following in vitroactivation. Thus, it appears that exposure of old mice to exogenousIL-2 can redress the age-associated imbalance in cytokine expressionin vivo and cytokine secretion in vitro.     

Regulation of 4-1BB expression by cell-cell interactions and the cytokines,interleukin-2 and interleukin-4

4-1BB expression increased gradually following T cell activation, and by day 3 post-stimulation with immobilized anti-CD3 (anti-CD3i) or concanavalin A (Con A), splenic T cells were routinely 35–45% 4-1BB⁺ by flow cytometric analysis. 4-1BB was expressed on activated CD8⁺, CD4⁺, CD28⁺ and CD45RB⁺ T cells. Optimal 4-1BB expression was seen by day 6 post-stimulation and was cell density dependent. When T cells were cultured for 6 days at 1 × 10⁶/well in a 24-well plate with anti-CD3i, 82% of the cells were 4-1BB⁺. In contrast, at lower cell densities (4 × 10⁵, 2 × 10⁵ and 1 × 10⁵), optimal 4-1BB expression was observed only if the cultures were supplemented with recombinant interleukin-2 (IL-2) or recombinant IL-4 (IL-4). In agreement, with these results, modes of inducing endogenous IL-2 production such as cross-linking the costimulatory molecule, CD28, or the addition of syngeneic accessory cells to T cells activated with anti-CD3i, resulted in high levels of 4-1BB expression. The addition of interleukin-1α(IL-1α) or interferon-γ (IFN-γ) did not increase 4-1BB expression on anti-CD3i-activated T cells. In addition, if T cells were incubated with IL-2, IL-4, IL-1α, IFN-γ or anti-CD28 alone, no 4-1BB expression was induced. T cells activated with soluble anti-CD3 (anti-CD3s) in the presence of IL-2, IL-4, or accessory cells, did not express higher levels of 4-1BB on their cell surface. These data suggest that initial events crucial for efficient T cell activation, such as signals delivered through the T cell receptor/CD3 complex and the CD28 molecule, are instrumental in regulating subsequent 4-1BB expression.     

Smad2和Smad4在家猫睾丸发育和精子发生中的表达与定位

目的 研究转化生长因子β(TGF-β)超家族的下游信号转导分子Smad2和Smad4蛋白,在不同发育阶段家猫睾丸中的表达和定位,探索Smad2和Smad4蛋白与家猫睾丸发育和精子发生的关系. 方法 应用免疫组织化学技术,研究Smad2和Smad4蛋白在幼年(n=3)、青春期(n=3)和性成熟(n=18)睾丸中的定位,并通过Western blotting技术对免疫组织化学中所用抗体的特异性进行了检测. 结果 免疫组织化学结果显示,Smad2和Smad4蛋白定位于各发育阶段家猫睾丸的生殖细胞、支持细胞和间质细胞的胞质中;Western blotting结果显示,多克隆兔抗Smad2和Smad4抗体与家猫睾丸蛋白提取物中分子量约为58kD、66kD的蛋白条带发生免疫阳性反应. 结论 Smad2和Smad4蛋白在家猫睾丸发育和精子发生的各个阶段均有表达,提示其参与睾丸发育和精子发生的调节.     

Higher Monocyte Expression of TLR2 and TLR4, and Enhanced Pro-inflammatory Synergy of TLR2 with NOD2 Stimulation in Sarcoidosis

Introduction  Sarcoidosis is an inflammatory disease of unknown etiology. However, an infectious cause has been proposed suggesting a role for pattern-recognition receptors, such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and nucleotide-binding domain, leucin-rich repeat containing family proteins (NLRs), in the pathogenesis. Objective  Our aim was to investigate whether differences in TLR2 and TLR4 expression, and the response to TLR2, TLR4, and NOD2 stimulation, are associated with sarcoidosis. Materials and Methods  Blood mononuclear cells from sarcoidosis patients (n = 24) and healthy subjects (n = 19) were incubated with the TLR2 ligands PGN and Pam3CSK4, the TLR4 ligand LPS, the NOD2 ligand MDP, or medium alone. After 16 h, monocyte TLR2 and TLR4 expression and cytokine secretion, including TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and IL-12p70, were measured using flow cytometry and cytometric bead array. Results  TLR2 and TLR4 expression at baseline was significantly higher in patients. Combined TLR2 and NOD2 stimulation induced a four-fold higher secretion of TNFα and a 13-fold higher secretion of IL-1β in patients. Additionally, there was a synergistic effect of TLR2 with NOD2 stimulation on induction of IL-1β in patients, whereas IL-10 was synergistically induced in healthy subjects. Conclusion  Increased TLR expression and enhanced secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines after combined TLR2 and NOD2 stimulation may be related to the pathogenesis of sarcoidosis. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. This study was supported by the Swedish Heart–Lung Foundation, King Oscar II Jubilee Foundation, the Swedish Research Council, the U.S. National Institutes of Health (Grant No. 1 R21 HL077579-01), the Stockholm County Council and Karolinska Institutet.