工作场所无烟制度与员工二手烟暴露和戒烟意愿的关系

目的 了解工作场所无烟制度与员工二手烟暴露和戒烟意愿之间的关系.方法 通过立意抽样原则,对我国5省市79家企业的14195位员工进行问卷调查,收集吸烟和二手烟暴露相关信息,通过二分类变量的Logistic回归评估无烟环境制度与二手烟暴露和戒烟意愿的关系.结果 调查对象中女性有7787人,占54.9％,男性有6408,占...     

上海市金山区无烟医院吸烟与戒烟服务现状分析

目的了解上海市金山区无烟医院职工吸烟及提供戒烟服务情况,提出针对性改进建议。方法以问卷调查方式对金山区无烟医院在职职工进行调查,并对结果进行统计分析。结果本次调查的无烟医院职工1494人,总吸烟率为17．5％,吸烟以男性为主,吸烟率为53．1％;行政后勤岗位和外科医生吸烟率较高,分别为36．2％和27．8％。95．0％的职工赞同创建无烟医院,14．3％的职工接受过戒烟方法和技巧的培训,34．9％的医务人员主动向病人提供戒烟服务。结论无烟医院的吸烟率仍较高,接受戒烟服务方法和技能培训及主动向病人提供戒烟服务率较低,需进一步加强。     

我国六城市社区居民戒烟服务需求现状

目的　了解我国城市社区居民对戒烟服务的需求情况 ,为吸烟干预提供依据。方法　在北京、上海、天津、长沙、深圳和濮阳六个城市分别选择 1～ 2个社区 ,随机抽取 1 2 0 65名居民进行了现场问卷调查。结果　社区居民的现在吸烟率是 3 0 79% ,打算戒烟率是 2 0 42 % ,1 5 67%的居民曾主动向医护人员寻求戒烟服务 ,周围吸烟者的影响和缺乏意志力是导致其戒烟失败的主要原因 ,2 4 48%的现在吸烟者称医护人员曾主动向其介绍戒烟方法和技巧。结论　促进戒烟在我国刚刚起步 ,提高居民对烟草危害的认识和自我保健意识、动员全社会参与控烟和戒烟是慢性病预防和控制的主要任务之一。     

濮阳市通过创建无烟医院实施对医务人员吸烟干预的效果研究

目的：研究医务人员吸烟干预的策略及效果。方法：以创建无烟医院为途径，实施综合性吸烟干预策略（政策、环境、活动、管理）。结果：实施创建无烟医院的试点医院控烟氛围日益浓厚，医务人员吸烟率在原来基础上下降了3．55个百分点。结论：创建无烟医院是实施对医务人员吸烟干预的有效途径。     

2011年长春市公务员吸烟及戒烟情况调查研究

目的了解长春市政府公务员吸烟及戒烟情况,为长春市制定控烟策略提供技术支持。方法采用分层随机抽样方法,对长春市5个区1510名政府公务员进行问卷调查。结果长春市政府公务员吸烟率为20．4％,其中男性吸烟率为21．6％,女性吸烟率为1．5％,不同性别间差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）,不同年龄间差异亦有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。64．9％的吸烟者有戒烟的想法,有53．5％的吸烟者认为其考虑戒烟的原因是为孩子树立榜样,有46．1％的吸烟者认为6个月内实施戒烟行动益处非常多。结论长春市政府公务员吸烟率较低,希望戒烟者比例较高,依据调查结果,积极制定公务员控烟干预策略和措施,将有助于加快长春市创建无烟城市的步伐。     

医务人员吸烟状况与戒烟服务调查分析

目的了解开展无烟医疗机构的医务人员自身吸烟状况和对参与控烟的态度、行为及其原因,为有效地促使医务人员这一专业人群积极参与控烟工作提供依据。方法对卢湾区无烟医疗机构的各部门职工共576人进行问卷调查。结果总吸烟率为9.55%,男性吸烟率39.7%。95%左右的医务人员对创建无烟医疗机构和对提供戒烟服务表示积极态度。实际工作中只有49.7%的医务工作者曾向病人主动提供戒烟服务。影响医务人员主动提供戒烟服务的因素主要是职业性质、对提供戒烟服务的主观态度和愿望以及是否接受过戒烟方法和技巧的培训。结论加强对医务人员的控烟责任教育,提高医务人员尤其是医生及护士提供戒烟服务的技巧和能力,才能更有效地控烟。     

天津市医疗卫生机构人员吸烟相关行为及戒烟服务提供情况分析

目的了解天津市医疗卫生机构人员吸烟相关行为,分析其戒烟服务的提供情况。方法于2009年调查天津市20家医疗卫生机构的在职人员(包括医护、行政及后勤人员),问卷调查内容包括吸烟相关知识、态度、行为以及帮助吸烟者戒烟情况等。同时拦截调查每家医院就诊者20人,调查内容包括医院控烟环境变化、医院内吸烟情况、医院提供的戒烟服务等。干预内容包括制定医疗机构控烟政策、场所干预、人群干预和提供戒烟服务等,干预时间为2009年3月—2009年12月。结果干预前后分别调查1576人和1624人。干预前后被调查者的吸烟率分别为18.2%和17.4%,现在吸烟率分别为15.4%和15.7%。干预后医院就诊者在医院见到控烟宣传的比例上升,认为医院内吸烟情况减少,吸烟率下降,闻到烟味的比例下降,差别均有统计学意义(P0.05)。但对于在医院期间,见到过禁烟标志和医院有人主动宣传禁烟知识的回答在干预前后无变化,认为医院提供的戒烟服务干预前后无改善(P0.05)。结论天津市医疗卫生机构人员吸烟水平低于2002年全国人群,但仍有必要进一步采取有效措施控制医生吸烟问题,同时加强医疗卫生机构的无烟环境改善力度和戒烟服务提供情况。     

无烟奥运：为烟民戒烟喝彩

据报道，比尔·盖茨成为全职慈善家后，将把今年慈善活动的第一站定为中国。比尔与美琳达盖茨基金会将在中国推行几个关键的健康计划，其中包括帮助中国烟民戒烟。中国的烟民数量几乎占全球烟民总数的30%。北京已经承诺要举办一届“无烟奥运”，期间，包括奥运会的露天体育场在内的大部分公众场所将禁止吸烟。     

吸烟者戒烟意愿及影响因素分析

目的探讨沈阳市吸烟人群有戒烟意愿的人口学特征及影响因素,为有关部门制定有效的控烟措施提供科学依据。方法 2006年4～8月,在沈阳市内五区,采用多阶段分层随机整群抽样的方法 ,按照"街道→社区→家庭→调查对象"四个阶段进行抽样。其中,第一阶段使用按容量比例概率抽样法(PPS)抽取10个街道;第二阶段按PPS法在每个街道内抽取2个社区;第三阶段使用简单随机抽样法在每个社区抽取300户家庭;第四阶段使用简单随机抽样法在300户家庭中抽取100名成年吸烟者作为调查对象;每个居委会至少调查40名吸烟者;最终在沈阳市抽取调查了801名成年吸烟者。结果沈阳市吸烟者中有戒烟意愿者的比例为30.7%;男性有戒烟意愿者的比例(29.8%)远低于女性(46.7%);职业分布中,以国家机关党群组织负责人中有戒烟意愿的比例最高达47.5%,其次为离退休人员36.7%,以专业技术人员有戒烟意愿的比例最低为21.4%。影响因素分析发现:亲人反对、社会舆论、对健康的影响、控烟宣传的力度、健康警示信息的普及、对烟草相关疾病的知晓程度以及对戒烟产品和戒烟服务的接触均会影响吸烟者戒烟意愿的产生。结论通过普及烟草危害的健康教育,提倡亲人积极参与吸烟者戒烟活动,丰富烟草包装健康警示信息,提高控烟宣传力度以及推广戒烟产品和戒烟服务等措施可以很好地提高沈阳市吸烟者戒烟意愿的产生。     

A smoking cessation intervention among tuberculosis patients in rural China

Objective: To assess the integration of a smoking cessation intervention into routine tuberculosis (TB) services.Method: Consecutive TB patients registered from 1 March to 31 August 2010 were enrolled in an intervention for self-reported smoking to promote tobacco cessation during treatment for TB. Information on the harmful health effects of tobacco smoke and smoking and TB were provided to TB patients who self-reported as current smokers. Smoking status was reassessed at every follow-up visit during anti-tuberculosis treatment with reinforced health messages and advice to quit.Results: Of 800 TB patients enrolled, 572 (71.5%) were male and 244 (30.5%) were current smokers. Females were more likely to be non-smokers (100% vs. 35.8%, P < 0.001). Of the 244 current smokers, 144 (59.0%) started smoking at <20 years, 197 (80.7%) consumed ⩾20 cigarettes per day, 211 (86.5%) had perceived smoking dependence and 199 (81.6%) had made no attempt to quit before the diagnosis of TB. Of the 244 current smokers, 234 (95.9%) were willing to quit, and 156 (66.7%) reported abstinence at month 6. Challenges to implementing smoking cessation intervention were identified.Conclusion: The majority of current smokers among TB patients were willing to quit and remained abstinent at the end of anti-tuberculosis treatment. This intervention should be scaled up nationwide.     

2016-2018年上海市戒烟门诊患者干预效果分析

【目的】了解上海市戒烟门诊就诊患者的一般情况、吸烟情况、戒烟情况以及1个月随访情况,为进一步有效开展戒烟门诊提供科学依据。【方法】调查2016年1月1日-2018年12月31日前往项目选定戒烟门诊就诊的841名吸烟者,并于1个月后完成725名患者的随访工作,利用SPSS软件分析收集到的相关数据。【结果】2018年就诊患者中91.3%为男性;50.6%年龄在35~55岁;57.1%学历程度在小学及以下;60.2%是企业,商业,服务业工作人员。44.1%的患者每天吸烟支数在10~20支;34.6%的患者烟龄在10~20年;38.6%的患者起床后5 min内吸第1支烟。72.1%的患者在前往戒烟门诊前尝试过戒烟;14.8%的患者使用过电子烟帮助戒烟;33.9%知晓戒烟门诊的途径是本医院医生的告知;61.4%决定戒烟的原因是关注自己和家人的健康。2018年戒烟门诊1个月的时点戒烟率为48.8%;44.0%的患者认为对戒烟帮助最大的关键是自己的决心;46.2%戒烟未成功患者认为,最大的阻碍是烟瘾发作。【结论】上海市戒烟门诊的开设能够帮助患者戒烟,但依然存在一些问题。针对前往戒烟门诊的患者特点,应及时找出戒烟门诊宣传上的薄弱点,例如女性、低文化水平以及务农职业的患者较少;依据患者吸烟的情况,切实提升戒烟门诊服务质量;找出戒烟门诊在提供再次戒烟服务过程中的切入点,更好地完善上海市戒烟门诊的建设工作。     

Proactive outreach smoking cessation program for Chinese employees in China

We evaluated the first workplace intervention to help smokers quit in Hong Kong. Smoking employees (N = 642) received a 26-page self-help booklet and 15 fix SMS within 3 months and chose to receive cognitive behavioral workshop (N = 76), or face-to-face counseling (N = 11), or group health talk (N = 516), or telephone counseling (N = 39). Twenty participants were interviewed individually for their opinions about the interventions. By intention-to-treat, the overall self-reported past 7-day point prevalence quit rate was 31.0% and 32.9%, and reduction rate was 15.0% and 13.2% at 6 and 12-months, respectively. More than 20% of the unmotivated smokers at baseline (N = 399) quit in this program. Proactive outreach workplace smoking cessation programs with diverse intensity but without medications, chosen by smokers and supported by employers without further incentives, were feasible in busy working environment in Hong Kong.     

成都市城市居民吸烟、被动吸烟及成功戒烟现状调查

目的了解四川省成都市城市居民吸烟、被动吸烟及成功戒烟现状, 为制定新的控烟措施提供参考依据。方法采用整群随机抽样方法对在成都市6个主城区抽取的4 994名18~69周岁城市居民进行问卷调查。结果成都市城市居民的吸烟率为25.31%(1 264/4 994),被动吸烟率为48.78%(1 482/3 038),成功戒烟率为10.65%(107/1 005);成都市不同特征城市居民比较, 不同性别、年龄、文化程度、职业城市居民吸烟率、被动吸烟率、成功戒烟率差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.001)。结论成都市居民的吸烟率较低, 但被动吸烟率较高, 且成功戒烟率不高。     

Heterogeneity in preferences for smoking cessation

Promoting cessation is a cornerstone of tobacco control efforts by public-health agencies. Economic information to support cessation programs has generally emphasized cost-effectiveness or the impact of cigarette pricing and smoking restrictions on quit rates. In contrast, this study provides empirical estimates of smoker preferences for increased efficacy and other attributes of smoking cessation therapies (SCTs). Choice data were collected through a national survey of Canadian smokers. We find systematic preference heterogeneity for therapy types and SCT attributes between light and heavy smokers, as well as random heterogeneity using random parameters logit models. Preference heterogeneity is greatest between length of use and types of SCTs. We estimate that light smokers would be willing to pay nearly $500 ($CAN) to increase success rates to 40% with the comparable figure for heavy smokers being near $300 ($CAN). Results from this study can be used to inform research and development for smoking cessation products and programs and suggest important areas of future inquiry regarding heterogeneity of smoker preferences and preferences for other health programs.     

Prevalence and determinants of SHS exposure in public and private areas after the 2010 smoke-free legislation in Greece

The objective of the present survey was to assess the extent and socio-economic determinants of population exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) in Greece in 2011. The national household survey Hellas Health IV was conducted in October 2011. SHS exposure was based on self-reported exposure within home, workplace and public places. Thirty-three per cent of the respondents reported living in a smoke-free home. Smokers (p?<?0.001) and single individuals (p?<?0.017) were less likely to prohibit smoking at home. SHS exposure at work, in restaurants and in bars/clubs/cafes was frequently mentioned by 41.6, 84.2 and 90.5%, respectively. SHS exposure in a bar/club/cafe was noted more among single individuals (p?=?0.004) and those aged 18–34?years (p?=?0.007). Inhabitants of rural areas were more likely to report someone smoking indoors in all the above venues. Public health education and effective enforcement of the nationwide smoke-free legislation are imperative.     

Determinants of smoking status: cross-sectional data on smoking initiation and cessation

BACKGROUND: Cigarette smoking is known to increase the risk of chronic disease. Improved understanding of factors that contribute to smoking initiation and cessation may help to underpin strategies that lead to smoking behavior change. METHODS: Cross-sectional data obtained from 11,967 men and women, aged 20-65 years, were used to study associations with smoking initiation and smoking cessation within the general population. Information on smoking habits, socio-demographic factors and psychosocial factors were collected through self-administered questionnaires. Multiple logistic regression analyses were undertaken by gender. RESULTS: Adverse childhood experiences and personality characteristics (including extraversion, neuroticism and hostility) were found to be related to smoking initiation. Age, marital status and tobacco-related factors were consistently associated with smoking cessation. Older people, married persons and those who smoked more cigarettes per day had a higher likelihood of quitting, both for men and women. CONCLUSIONS: Smoking initiation was found to be associated with adverse childhood events and with measures of personality whereas smoking cessation was associated predominantly with socio-demographic and tobacco use-related factors.     

江西省2013年成年人吸烟与戒烟行为现状调查

目的 调查2013年江西省≥18岁常住居民吸烟与戒烟行为的流行状况。方法 2013年7-10月采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法,在江西省10个全国慢性病及其危险因素监测点抽取≥18岁常住居民6 000人,通过面对面问卷调查收集慢性病相关危险因素信息,用于吸烟与戒烟行为分析的有效样本量为5 997人。对样本进行复杂加权后,分析江西省不同人群特征成年居民吸烟和戒烟流行现状。结果 2013年江西省≥18岁常住居民现在吸烟率为21.53%（1 291/5 997,标化率为20.60%）,复杂加权计算后,现在吸烟率为26.07%（95%CI：23.48%~28.66%）,男性现在吸烟率（50.62%,95%CI：46.31%~54.94%）高于女性（1.46%,95%CI：0.57%~2.35%）,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,各年龄组人群现在吸烟率差异有统计学意义（P=0.029）,并随文化程度提高而上升（P<0.05）、随自报健康状况下降而下降（P<0.05）。87.16%（95%CI：83.29%~91.03%）的现在吸烟者每日吸烟;日均吸烟量（机制卷烟）为19.27（95%CI：17.69~20.85）支;平均每天吸烟量≥20支的吸烟者比例为64.74%（95%CI：55.79%~73.70%）;每日吸烟者开始吸烟平均年龄为20.28（95%CI：19.74~20.82）岁,男性开始每日吸烟年龄[20.11（95%CI：19.61~20.61）岁]小于女性[26.88（95%CI：24.73~29.03）岁],差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,27.04%（95%CI：18.91%~35.16%）的成年男性开始每日吸烟年龄不足18岁。吸烟者戒烟率为14.80%（95%CI：10.88%~18.72%）,随年龄增大而上升（P<0.05）、随收入水平增加而上升（P=0.04）,随自报健康状况下降而上升（P<0.05）;吸烟者成功戒烟率为10.89%（95%CI：8.36%~13.42%）;32.10%（95%CI：21.95%~42.25%）的现在吸烟者有戒烟打算。被动吸烟率为54.71%（95%CI：44.20%~65.21%）。结论 江西省≥18岁常住居民吸烟率处于较高水平,重度吸烟者比例大,戒烟者比例低,戒烟意识不强,男性和青少年为控烟工作主要目标人群,应根据江西省流行特点采取针对性的控烟措施。     

上海市公务人员戒烟大赛一年期干预效果研究

【目的】评估2015年度上海市公务人员戒烟大赛的1年随访效果,探讨复吸行为的影响因素,为保持戒烟干预效果提供参考和依据。【方法】采用病例对照研究设计,对阶段性戒烟成功者开展问卷调查。【结果】戒烟大赛1年随访复吸率为19.70%,79.49%的复吸者在戒烟后2个月内复吸,受教育程度为复吸的危险因素。复吸主要原因为吸烟朋友的压力、烟瘾发作。【结论】本次大赛1年随访复吸率处于较低水平,戒烟效果良好。受教育程度为复吸行为的危险因素。