改良T型支架置入术与经典crush技术治疗冠状动脉分叉病变的比较研究

目的评估改良T型支架置入术与经典crush技术治疗真性冠状动脉分叉病变的安全性及有效性。方法自2008年12月至2010年1月共入选62例真性冠状动脉分叉病变患者(分支血管直径≥2.5mm),其中34例患者行经典crush治疗,28例患者行改良T型支架置入术,比较两组患者术后即刻成功率、住院期间及术后30d内的主要不良心脏事件、术后6个月支架再狭窄率。结果与经典crush组相比,改良T型支架治疗组术后分支最小管腔直径大〔(2.72±0.22)mmvs(2.39±0.30)mm,P0.01〕,分支残余狭窄程度小〔(8.3±6.8)%vs(18.6±10.2)%,P0.01〕,最终球囊对吻扩张成功率高(100%vs73.5%,P0.01),支架内再狭窄率较低(5.0%vs32.0%)。两组患者术后即刻成功率无统计学差异(88.24%vs100%,P=0.12)。经典crush组有1例患者因亚急性血栓再次行PCI治疗。结论改良T型支架置入术治疗冠状动脉分叉病变是安全的,其远期有效性优于经典crush技术。     

药物洗脱支架血栓形成并发急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死的预后研究

目的 分析药物洗脱支架(DES)血栓形成引起急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)的临床和直接冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)特征及预后.方法 31例因DES血栓形成引起STEMI(ST组)和93例由原发冠状动脉病变所致STEMI患者(对照组)接受直接PCI治疗.记录各例临床和PCI特征及1年随访结果.研究主要终点为院内及1年累积主要心脏不良事件(MACE),包括死亡、非致命性再梗死及靶血管再次血运重建(TVR).结果 与对照组比较,ST组年龄较大(69.9±11.4岁比63.7±13.6岁,P=0.01),糖尿病(41.9%比22.6%,P=0.04)和既往心肌梗死史(29.0%比11.8%,P=0.02)明显增多;直接PCI后冠状动脉TIMI 3级血流显著降低(45.2%比92.5%,P＜0.001).ST组院内死亡率(16.1%比3.2%,P=0.01)和MACE发生率(25.8%比7.5%,P:0.007)显著增高,术后1年总生存率及无MACE生存率显著降低(分别为77.4%比92.5%,P=0.016;59.4%比85.1%,P=0.001).结论 DES血栓形成引起STEMI患者即使接受直接PCI治疗,其院内死亡及MACE发生率仍显著高于由原发冠状动脉病变所致的心肌梗死患者.     

DK Crush技术治疗真性冠状动脉分叉病变:与经典Crush技术的对比

目的 检验作者改良的DK Crush技术能否确保最终对吻扩张的成功.方法 本研究属于连续、非随机和开放式研究,共入选了88例真性分叉病变(分支血管直径＞2.0 mm)的患者.其中2004年10月至2005年1月间入选的44例患者接受经典Crush技术治疗,2005年1月至2005年6月间入选的44例患者接受DK Crush技术治疗.比较两组患者术前、术中和术后30 d内的诸项参数.结果 DK Crush组与经典Crush组比较,患者分支血管病变长度长(13.5±3.4 mm比7.8±3.1 mm,P＜0.05)、经皮冠状动脉介入术需时短(44±12 min 比68±17 min,P＜0.05)、最终对吻扩张成功率高(100%比70%,P＜0.01)、使用球囊数鼍少(1.6±0.4个比2.7±0.7个,P＜0.05)及造影剂使用量小(102±38 mL比176±46 mL,P＜0.05).DK Crush组与经典Crush组患者的主干与分支血管之间的夹角[(57±18).比(47±15).],主干血管病变长度(24.3±8.6 mm比21.1±7.3 mm)差异均无统计学意义(P均＞0.05).经典Crush组有两例(4.3%)最终对吻失败的患者出现亚急性血栓栓塞.DK Crush组术后即刻分支血管开口部位最小血管直径显著大于经典Crush组(3.01±0.13 mm比2,74±0.12 mm,P＜0.01),而残余狭窄却显著小于后者(7.3%±8.6%比17.4%±11.2%,P＜0.05).经典Crush组有5例患者术后即刻分支血管开口残余狭窄＞30%(对吻失败).结论 经典Crush技术存在的技术缺陷是导致预后不良的主要原因.改良的DK Crush技术能显著提高对吻扩张的成功率.进一步的随机研究可以明确后者的有效性.     

药物涂层球囊治疗对冠状动脉分叉病变患者的疗效

目的:研究药物涂层球囊(DCB)治疗对冠状动脉分叉病变患者的疗效。方法:于我院治疗的100例冠状动脉分叉病变患者被随机均分为支架植入组[经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)治疗基础上加用裸金属单纯支架植入]与DCB组(PCI治疗基础上加用紫杉醇DCB)。比较两组术前、术后、术后9个月靶病变分支最小管腔内径(MLD)、直径狭窄率,术后9个月晚期管腔丢失(LLL)、再狭窄率、主要不良心血管事件(MACE)、靶病变再次血运重建(TLR)、靶病变失败[Target Lesion Failure (TLF)]、心源性休克、靶血管心肌梗死发生率。结果:与支架植入组比较,DCB组术后MLD[(1.66±0.29)mm比(2.04±0.32)mm]、术后9个月MLD [(1.40±0.46)mm比(1.75±0.53) mm]均显著扩大(P均=0.001)。术后9个月,DCB组再狭窄率(4.0%比18.0%)、MACE发生率(8.0%比24.0%)均显著低于支架植入组(P均<0.05);两组LLL、TLF、心源性休克、靶血管心肌梗死、TLR发生率无显著差异(P均>0.05)。结论:DCB可显著扩大冠...     

国产雷帕霉素洗脱支架应用于冠状动脉分叉病变的效果评价

目的 评价冠状动脉分叉病变与非分叉病变支架植入术后预后是否存在差别.方法 回顾性分析1877例冠心病患者,其中568例冠状动脉分叉病变患者,1309例冠状动脉非分又病变患者.植入Excel支架.术后6、12及18个月临床随访两组主要不良心脏事件发生率的情况.结果 术后6、12及18个月两组死亡(心性和非心性)、非致死性心肌梗死及主要不良心脏事件的发生率均无差剐(P＞0.05),6及12个月两组靶病变血运重建的发生率无差别(P＞0.05),18个月两组靶病变血运重建的发生率存在差别(P＜0.05).结论 Excel支架治疗冠状动脉分叉病变具有安全性和可靠性.     

雷帕霉素洗脱支架治疗多支冠状动脉病变的临床研究

目的:探讨多支冠状动脉病变患者置入雷帕霉素洗脱支架(Cypher支架)预防再狭窄的疗效及安全性。方法:2001年12月-2004年5月连续725例接受多支冠状动脉支架置入术的冠心病患者,剔除急性心肌梗死及再次血运重建患者。Cypher支架组187例,普通金属支架(普通支架)组538例。比较两组支架术后的近期及远期结果。结果:除糖尿病患者比例在Cypher支架组较高外,两组患者冠心病危险因素、心功能、冠状动脉病变严重程度、介入手术成功率及并发症发生率均无显著差异。690例患者平均随访(18.8±11.7)个月,Cypher支架组和普通支架组造影随访率分别为52.4%vs58.2%(P>0.05)。尽管Cypher支架组患者冠心病危险因素多、平均年龄63.5岁、不稳定性心绞痛占66.3%、糖尿病占41.6%、3支血管病变占57.8%、B2/C型复杂病变占86.2%,但造影复查再狭窄率和主要不良心脏事件(MACE)发生率均明显低于普通支架组(3.1%vs16.6%,5.5%vs16.7%,P均<0.01),心功能改善率高于普通支架组(63.1%vs30.6%,P<0.01)。两组完全血运重建率无显著差异(81.3%vs86.8%,P>0.05),但发生MACE的患者中,Cypher支架组不完全血运重建者比例高于普通支架组(60.0%vs23.5%,P<0.05);两组发生MACE的患者中完全血运重建患者比例均低于本组总的完全血运重建率(Cypher支架组:40.0%     

药物洗脱支架与金属裸支架对非糖尿病患者冠状动脉局限病变的8个月疗效

目的评估非糖尿病冠心病患者,药物洗脱支架与金属裸支架对于治疗冠状动脉局限病变的8个月疗效.方法自身冠状动脉首次介入治疗病变(在线定量冠状动脉造影分析直径≥3.0 mm,长度≤15 mm)的非糖尿病患者入选本研究,148例患者分为药物洗脱支架组(n=81)和金属裸支架组(n=67),两组的基本临床特征和冠状动脉造影结果无显著差异.术前、术后和8个月随访时进行定量冠状动脉造影分析,并在住院期间,30天和8个月时观察不良心脏事件的发生.结果支架置入成功率均为100%.住院期间靶病变重复血管重建率,在药物洗脱支架组和金属裸支架组无显著性差异(1.2%和0%,P=0.36).在术后30天时两组均无支架内血栓形成.8个月随访时,定量冠状动脉造影分析显示,支架内最小管腔直径药物洗脱支架组明显大于金属裸支架组,有极显著性差异(P＜0.01);支架内远期管腔丢失、病变内远期管腔丢失、支架内狭窄直径、病变内狭窄直径药物洗脱支架组明显低于金属裸支架组有显著性差异(P＜0.05～0.001).两组支架内再狭窄率(8.64% vs 17.91%,P=0.09)和病变节段再狭窄率(11.11% vs 17.91%,P=0.24)均无显著性差异,但支架内再狭窄率比数比为0.8985(95%的可信区间0.7887;1.0237).结论药物洗脱支架对于治疗非糖尿病、自身冠状动脉局限病变患者安全有效,两组支架内再狭窄率虽无显著性差异,但药物洗脱支架有降低再狭窄率的趋势.     

直径分型法及其指导下的冠状动脉分叉病变介入治疗临床观察

目的探讨冠状动脉分叉主支与分支血管的直径关系并提出一种新的分型方法——直径分型法,进而采用直径分型法指导术式选择并观察介入治疗效果。方法入选2011年3月~2015年4月中国部分北方地区包括北京军区总医院在内的5个心脏中心冠状动脉造影或支架术中观察的361例1080处冠状动脉分叉及分叉病变,于术中测量冠状动脉主支近段血管直径(Dp)、主支远段血管直径(Dd)及分支血管直径(Ds),记录所有直径≥2.5 mm的主支及边支血管情况,观察三者的直径关系及其出现的频次,分为4型,直径分型法1型(ZJ1型):Dp=DdDs;直径分型法2型(ZJ2型):Dp=Dd=Ds;直径分型法3型(ZJ3型):Dp=Dd+Ds且Dd=Ds;直径分型法4型(ZJ4型):不符合上述分型条件者。其中189例冠脉分叉病变患者按照直径分型法进行了冠状动脉支架治疗,均采用了双支架策略。直径分型法1型采用DK mini-Crush支架术,直径分型法2型采用DK mini-Culotte支架术,直径分型法3型采用SKS/V支架术,观察3组术后1个月及1年的主要心脏不良事件(MACE)发生率,包括病死率、心肌梗死复发率、冠状动脉支架内血栓发生率及支架内再狭窄发生率。结果 361例患者1080处冠脉分叉及分叉病变按照直径分型法分型:ZJ1型病变469处(43.4%);ZJ2型病变305处(28.2%);ZJ3型病变248处(23%);ZJ4型病变58处(5.4%)。其中189例分叉病变患者行冠状动脉支架置入术,手术成功率为100%。随访结果显示,ZJ1型、ZJ2型、ZJ3型病变患者术后1个月三组MACE发生率分别为12.6%、5.4%、12.7%,其中病死率分别为2.3%、0%、2.1%;心肌梗死复发率分别为4.6%、3.6%、6.4%;支架内血栓发生率分别为3.4%、0%、2.1%;支架内再狭窄发生率分别为2.3%、1.8%、2.1%;术后1年三组MACE发生率分别为28.7%、23.6%、23.4%,其中死亡率分别为8.0%、9.1%、6.4%;心肌梗死复发率分别为10.3%、7.3%、8.5%;支架内血栓发生率分别为4.6%、3.6%、4.3%;支架内再狭窄发生率分别为5.7%、3.6%、4.3%。结论直径分型法简便、直观、操作性强,指导冠状动脉介入术式选择随访心脏事件发生率低,对于分叉病变的介入治疗具有临床意义。     

无保护左主干病变应用药物洗脱支架介入治疗的预后及影响因素分析

目的:评价无保护左主干病变应用药物洗脱支架治疗的预后及影响因素。方法:2003-04至2008-06我院150例无保护左主干病变患者接受经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI),平均年龄62.5±10.82(38～83)岁,根据病变是否累及左主干远端分叉分组,开口或体部病变为非分叉病变组(n=35),累及左主干远端或前降支、回旋支开口者为分叉病变组(n=115)。44例(29.33%,44/150)患者术中应用血管内超声指导,48例(32.43%,48/148)在平均(10.02±7.47)个月进行了冠状动脉造影复查。结果:术后存活的148例患者中125例(84.45%)随访成功,平均随访时间9.86±8.46(1～43)月,分叉病变组的再发心绞痛率(33.68%vs13.33%,P=0.0467)明显高于非分叉病变组,主要心脏不良事件(MACE)两组未见明显差异。对MACE单因素分析发现,血管内超声指导患者MACE的发生率明显低于无血管内超声指导患者(4.17%vs17.65%,P=0.0446)。影响再狭窄的因素分析显示双支架术的再狭窄率明显高于单支架术(64.29%vs10.71%,P=0.0011)。结论:经选择的无保护左主干病变,药物洗脱支架治疗是可行和安全的,可取得较好的近远期结果,经血管内超声指导MACE可明显减少。     

TAP技术与必要性支架术处理冠状动脉分叉病变的疗效对比

目的 对比分析TAP技术与必要性支架术在处理边支大于2.0 mm冠状动脉分叉病变的临床效果.方法 将患者随机分为必要性支架组和TAP组.入选病例的冠状动脉造影均证实为MEDINA(1,1,1)型分叉病变,主支血管参考直径≥2.5 mm,边支血管参考直径≥2.0 mm.主要研究终点:术后12个月主要不良心血管事件的发生率和支架血栓发生率.次要终点包括:术后8个月冠状动脉造影随访再狭窄率、手术操作时间、曝光时间、对比剂用量、手术操作成功率、手术相关心肌梗死.结果 TAP组均完成最终对吻球囊扩张.12个月随访结果显示,TAP组主要不良心血管事件和必要性支架组差异无统计学意义(13.0%比12.1%,P＞0.05).两组均发生1例支架血栓事件.TAP组与必要性支架组术后24 h操作相关心肌梗死发生率差异无统计学意义(8.7%比5.2%,P＞0.05).两组在手术时间、X线曝光时间、对比剂用量差异无统计学意义.8个月冠状动脉造影结果显示,必要性支架组边支开口再狭窄明显高于TAP组(17.1%比3.8%,P＜0.05),总体再狭窄率两组差异无统计学意义.结论 TAP技术在处理大分支冠状动脉分叉病变的有效性及长期安全性方面不亚于必要性支架术.     

Twenty-Four-Month Update on Double-Kissing Crush Stenting of Bifurcation Lesions

A group of 312 patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention for bifurcation lesions at 12 centers in China, Singapore, Thailand, Israel, India, and Japan were enrolled in a prospective, randomized DKCRUSH-1 trial. The goal of the study was to compare the double kissing (DK) crush technique with the classical crush stenting technique. This study was carried out to determine the differences in the rates of final kissing balloon inflations (FKBI) and the long-term clinical outcomes. The 8-month results of the DKCRUSH-1 study have been previously reported. Here, we present several subgroups analysis and a 24-month clinical update. The results confirmed a sustained, lower MACE rate at 24 months with the double kissing (DK) crush stenting technique compared with that for the classical crush stenting technique (18.1% vs. 29.9%, p = 0.044).     

Serial intravascular ultrasound analysis comparing double kissing and classical crush stenting for coronary bifurcation lesions

Background : Compared with the classical crush, double kissing (DK) crush improved outcomes in patients with coronary bifurcation lesions. However, there is no serial intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) comparisons between these two techniques. Objectives : This study aimed to analyze the mechanisms of the two crush stenting techniques using serial IVUS imaging. Methods : A total of 54 patients with IVUS images at baseline, post‐stenting and eight‐month follow‐up were classified into classical (n = 16) and DK (n = 38) groups. All patients underwent final kissing balloon inflation (FKBI). Unsatisfactory kissing (KUS) was defined as the presence of wrist or >20% stenosis during FKBI at the side branch (SB) ostium. The vessels at bifurcation lesions were divided into the proximal main vessel (MV) stent, the crushed segment, the distal MV stent, the SB ostium and the SB stent body. Results : KUS and incomplete crushing were commonly observed in the classical group (62.5%, 81.3%), compared with DK group (18.0%, 39.5%, P < 0.001 and P = 0.004). The post‐stenting stent symmetry in the classical group was 71.85 ± 7.69% relative to 85.93 ± 6.09% in DK group (P = 0.022), resulting in significant differences in neointimal hyperplasia (NIH, 1.60 ± 0.21 mm² vs. 0.85 ± 0.23 mm², P = 0.005), late lumen loss (1.31 ± 0.81 mm² vs. 0.55 ± 0.70 mm², P = 0.013), and minimal lumen area (MLA, 3.57 ± 1.52 mm² vs. 4.52 ± 1.40 mm^2, P = 0.042) at the SB ostium between two groups. KUS was positively correlated with the incomplete crush and was the only predictor of in‐stent‐restenosis (ISR) at the SB ostium. Conclusion : DK crush was associated with improved quality of the FKBI and larger MLA. KUS predicted the occurrence of ISR. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Angiographic and Clinical Outcomes after Implantation of Drug Eluting Stents in Bifurcation Lesions with Crush or Kissing Stent Technique

Background

Long‐term outcome after bifurcation stenting with drug‐eluting stents (DES) for obstructive coronary artery disease is poorly understood. In this study, we report 6–9‐month angiographic follow‐up and long‐term clinical outcomes after implantation of drug‐eluting stents by crush and kissing stent technique for coronary bifurcation lesions.

Methods

Consecutive patients undergoing bifurcation stenting with DES by crush or kissing stent technique were enrolled in a prospective registry. Angiographic follow‐up was obtained at 6–9 months and clinical follow‐up completed for a median of 38 months.

Results

A total of 86 patients participated in the study. Bifurcation stenting by crush technique was performed in 73 (85%) and by kissing stent in 13 (15%) patients. Stenting of left main bifurcation was applied in 24 (28%) patients. Angiographic follow‐up was completed in 75 (87%) patients and showed restenosis in the main for 8 (11%) and side branch for 20 (27%) patients. Clinical follow‐up was available for a median duration of 38 months. During follow‐up, 2 (2%) patients died, 4 (5%) experienced myocardial infarction (MI), and 11 (13%) underwent target vessel revascularization (TVR) with an overall major adverse cardiac event (MACE) rate of 16%. In left main cohort, angiographic restenosis occurred in 9 (37%) patients, and 3 (12%) patients required TVR. There were no deaths or stent thrombosis. A comparison of crush and kissing stent technique showed significantly higher angiographic restenosis with crush (26% vs 13% in kissing stent patients, P = 0.046) and 95% of restenosis in crush group involved ostium of the side branch. There was no difference in clinical outcomes between the crush and kissing stent groups. Final kissing balloon dilatation (FKB) was successful in 65 (89%) patients in the crush group and associated with a significant reduction in MACE (8% in FKB successful vs 37% in FKB unsuccessful, P = 0.04) during follow‐up.

Conclusion

Bifurcation stenting with crush or kissing stent technique is safe and associated with a low rate of TLR and MACE on long‐term follow‐up. Crush stenting is associated with a significantly higher rate of side branch restenosis compared to kissing stent technique. FKB is associated with significant reduction in MACE during follow‐up. (J Interven Cardiol 2013;26:145–152)

     

Three‐year outcome of drug‐eluting stent implantation for coronary artery bifurcation lesions

Objectives: To compare the very long‐term clinical outcomes of bifurcation lesions using the crush and the simultaneous kissing stent (SKS) techniques. Background: A variety of two‐stent techniques have been used to treat coronary artery bifurcation lesions in the drug‐eluting stent era, but the long‐term clinical outcome of these approaches is not known. Methods: A total of 74 consecutive patients underwent bifurcation stenting using either the crush or SKS techniques. Mean patient age was 66.91 ± 11.3 years; 26% were diabetic, and the left anterior descending/diagonal bifurcation was the most frequently treated lesion (68%). Results: In‐hospital outcomes were not significantly different between groups. Over a median follow‐up of 3.3 years, 1 patient in the SKS group and 3 patients in the crush group died (P = ns). Probable stent thrombosis leading to death according to the Academic Research Consortium definition occurred in 1 patient in the crush group. Mortality in the remaining 3 patients was noncardiac. Target lesion revascularization (TLR) occurred in 14 patients (40%) in the SKS group and 5 patients (12.8%) in the crush group (P = 0.015). Survival free from major adverse cardiac events (MACE) was significantly less in the SKS group and predominantly driven by TLR (60 vs. 88%, P = 0.001). Conclusions: In conclusion, over a median of 3.3 years of follow‐up, TLR and MACE are significantly lower in bifurcation lesions treated with the crush technique when compared with the SKS technique. Definite or probable stent thrombosis is rare with either technique. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Long-term outcomes after stenting of bifurcation lesions with the "crush" technique: predictors of an adverse outcome.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to evaluate predictors of an adverse outcome after "crush" bifurcation stenting. BACKGROUND: The "crush" technique is a recently introduced strategy with limited data regarding long-term outcomes. METHODS: We identified 231 consecutive patients treated with drug-eluting stent implantation with the "crush" technique for 241 de novo bifurcation lesions. Clinical follow-up was obtained in 99.6%. RESULTS: The in-hospital major adverse cardiac event (MACE) rate was 5.2%. At 9 months, 10 (4.3%) patients had an event consistent with possible post-procedural stent thrombosis. Survival free of target lesion revascularization (TLR) was 90.3%; the only independent predictor of TLR was left main stem (LMS) therapy (odds ratio [OR] 4.97; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.00 to 12.37, p = 0.001). Survival free of MACE was 83.5% and independent predictors of MACE were LMS therapy (OR 3.79; 95% CI 1.76 to 8.14, p = 0.001) and treatment of patients with multivessel disease (OR 4.21; 95% CI 0.95 to 18.56, p = 0.058). Angiographic follow-up was obtained in 77% of lesions at 8.3 +/- 3.7 months. The mean late loss of the main vessel and side branch were 0.30 +/- 0.64 mm and 0.41 +/- 0.67 mm, respectively, with binary restenosis rates of 9.1% and 25.3%. Kissing balloon post-dilation significantly reduced the side branch late lumen loss (0.24 +/- 0.50 mm vs. 0.58 +/- 0.77 mm, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The crush technique of bifurcation stenting with drug-eluting stents is associated with favorable outcomes for most lesions; however, efficacy appears significantly reduced in LMS bifurcations, and further research is needed before the technique can be routinely recommended in this group. Furthermore, the incidence of possible stent thrombosis is of concern and requires further investigation. Kissing balloon post-dilatation is mandatory to reduce side branch restenosis.     

Examination of Stent Deformation and Gap Formation after Complex Stenting of Left Main Coronary Artery Bifurcations Using Microfocus Computed Tomography

Background: Fluoroscopy and intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) lack sufficient resolution for assessing the results of complex stenting in true bifurcation lesions.
Objectives: After diverse bifurcation stenting at the left main coronary artery (LM) bifurcation model, the results were examined using microfocus computed tomography (MFCT).
Methods: The strut distribution of three kinds of stents deployed on a straight vessel segment was investigated. Classical crush, double kissing (DK)–double crush, and culotte stenting were performed on a three-dimensional (3D) LM model. The results were assessed using cross-sectional, longitudinal, and 3D reconstruction views of MFCT.
Results: Nonuniform strut distribution was observed in a corrugated stent design deployed on a straight vessel segment. Following classical crush stenting, a relatively large gap at the nonmyocardial site was observed in the corrugated stents. When the guidewire recrossed outside the ostium of the crushed side branch stent, kissing balloon inflation caused further crushing of the stent at the more distal segment. The dilated strut rose up from the main vessel bed after the first kissing balloon inflation in DK crush stenting; the advantage of DK would be cancelled after main vessel stenting due to recrushing the raised strut. The culotte stenting with closed-cell stents showed the restriction of the expansion at the branch ostium when it was dilated with a 3.5-mm balloon. The culotte stenting with open-cell-based stents showed a good stent apposition except for a tiny gap and small metallic carina at the distal bifurcation.
Conclusion: MFCT analysis in the 3D phantom model is useful to assess the structural deformation of the stents and gap on vessel wall coverage after complex stenting at the LM bifurcation.     

The Acute Changes of Fractional Flow Reserve in DK (Double Kissing), Crush,and 1‐Stent Technique for True Bifurcation Lesions

Background: While many studies confirmed the importance of fractional flow reserve (FFR) in guiding complex percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI), data regarding the significance of FFR for bifurcation lesions are still lacking. Methods: Between October 2008 and October 2009, 51 patients with true bifurcation lesions were consecutively enrolled and randomized into double kissing (DK) crush (n = 25), and provisional 1‐stent (n = 26) groups. FFR measurements at baseline and hyperemia were measured at pre‐PCI, post‐PCI, and at 8‐month follow‐up. Results: Clinical follow‐ups were available in 100% of patients while only 33% of patients underwent angiographic follow‐up. Baseline clinical and angiographic characteristics were matched between the 2 groups. Pre‐PCI FFR of the main branch (MB) in the DK group was 0.76 ± 0.15, which was significantly lower than in the provisional 1‐stent group (0.83 ± 0.10, P = 0.029). This difference disappeared after the PCI procedure (0.92 ± 0.04 vs. 0.92 ± 0.05, P = 0.58). There were no significant differences in terms of baseline, angiographic, procedural indexes, and FFR of side branch (SB) between the 2 treatment arms. However, immediately after PCI, the patient with DK crush had higher FFR in the SB as compared to the provisional 1‐stent group (0.94 ± 0.03 vs. 0.90 ± 0.08, P = 0.028, respectively) and also they had lower diameter stenosis (8.59 ± 6.41% vs. 15.62 ± 11.69%, P = 0.015, respectively). Conclusion: In the acute phase, immediately after PCI for bifurcation lesion, DK crush stenting was associated with higher FFR and lower residual diameter stenosis in the SB, as compared with the provisional 1‐stent group. (J Interven Cardiol 2010;23:341–345)     

Clinical Outcome After DK Crush Versus Culotte Stenting of Distal Left Main Bifurcation Lesions: The 3-Year Follow-Up Results of the DKCRUSH-III Study

ObjectivesThe present study aimed to investigate the difference in major adverse cardiac events (MACE) at 3 years after double-kissing (DK) crush versus culotte stenting for unprotected left main distal bifurcation lesions (LMDBLs).BackgroundThe multicenter and randomized DKCRUSH-III (Comparison of double kissing crush versus culotte stenting for unprotected distal left main bifurcation lesions: results from a multicenter, randomized, prospective study) showed that DK crush stenting was associated with fewer MACE at 1-year follow-up in patients with LMDBLs compared with culotte stenting. Here, we report the 3-year clinical outcome of the DKCRUSH-III study.MethodsA total of 419 patients with LMDBLs who were randomly assigned to either the DK crush or culotte group in the DKCRUSH-III study were followed for 3 year. The primary endpoint was the occurrence of a MACE at 3 years. Stent thrombosis (ST) was the safety endpoint. Patients were classified by simple and complex LMDBLs according to the DEFINITION (Definition and Impact of Complex Bifurcation Lesions on Clinical Outcomes After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Using Drug-Eluting Stents) study criteria.ResultsAt 3 years, MACE occurred in 49 patients the culotte group and in 17 patients in the DK crush group (cumulative event rates of 23.7% and 8.2%, respectively; p < 0.001), mainly driven by increased myocardial infarction (8.2% vs. 3.4%, respectively; p = 0.037) and target-vessel revascularization (18.8% vs. 5.8%, respectively; p < 0.001) between groups. Definite ST rate was 3.4% in the culotte group and 0% in the DK crush group (p = 0.007). Complex LMDBLs were associated with a higher rate of MACE (35.3%) at 3 years compared with a rate of 8.1% in patients with simple LMDBLs (p < 0.001), with an extremely higher rate in the culotte group (51.5% vs. 15.1%, p < 0.001).ConclusionsCulotte stenting for LMDBLs was associated with significantly increased rates of MACE and ST. (Double Kissing [DK] Crush Versus Culotte Stenting for the Treatment of Unprotected Distal Left Main Bifurcation Lesions: DKCRUSH-III, a Multicenter Randomized Study Comparing Double-Stent Techniques; ChiCTR-TRC-11001877)     

应用Partner支架完成Crush技术治疗冠脉分叉病变的即刻及近期随访结果

目的评价国产西罗莫司药物洗脱支架（Partner）完成Crush技术治疗冠状动脉分叉病变的安全性及有效性。方法冠状动脉造影证实为冠状动脉真性分叉病变（Medina分型为1．1．1）,主支和分支均选择Partner支架完成Crush技术,术后6月进行冠状动脉造影随访。结果共30例患者入选,冠脉分叉病变31处。患者平均年龄（61．7±11．2）岁,其中男性占66．7％。31处分叉病变分布：前降支与对角支51．6％,左主干与前降支和回旋支32．3％,右冠脉左室后侧支与后降支9．7％,回旋支与钝缘支6．5％。非顺应性球囊高压扩张占58．1％,最后完成球囊对吻技术96．8％。主支和分支置人支架（1．50±0．55）枚和（1．10±0．34）枚,支架长度为（37．2±1．2）mm和（21．6±0．83）mm,支架直径为（3．27±0．51）mm和（2．76±0．48）mm。近期随访主要心血管事件（MACE）的发生率为3.3％。结论西罗莫司洗脱支架Partner完成Crush技术治疗冠脉分叉病变是安全、有效的,而且相对低的医疗费用使国产西罗莫司洗脱支架Partner在复杂病变中的应用更具有吸引力。     

A prospective registry to evaluate sirolimus-eluting stents implanted at coronary bifurcation lesions using the "crush technique"

The "crush technique" has been proposed as an alternative approach to treat bifurcation lesions because of its predictability and high procedural success rate. However, few data are available regarding its safety and long-term efficacy. We report the long-term clinical outcomes of patients with coronary bifurcation lesions treated with sirolimus-eluting stents using the crush technique. From April 2003 to May 2004, 120 patients with coronary bifurcation lesions were treated with sirolimus-eluting stents using the crush technique. Six months of clinical follow-up was completed in 95.8% of patients. Mean patient age was 64 years; 36% had diabetes mellitus, and the left anterior descending artery/diagonal was the most frequent bifurcation location (69%). Final kissing balloon inflation was performed in 87.5% of patients. Compared with the main vessel, side branch lesions were shorter, with a smaller reference diameter and final in-stent minimum lumen diameter. Procedural success was achieved in 97.5%. At 30 days of follow-up, 1 patient had died of noncardiac causes and 2 patients (1.7%) had subacute stent thrombosis. At 6 months of follow-up, target lesion revascularization was required in 13 patients (11.3%), all of whom had focal restenosis predominantly at the side branch ostium. In conclusion, the crush technique with final kissing balloon inflation can be safely used by experienced operators to treat highly complex bifurcation lesions with sirolimus-eluting stents. The safety profile of this technique is similar to that of other bifurcation stenting techniques reported thus far. Nonetheless, despite the excellent patency rates of the main vessel, the need for revascularization at the ostium of the side branch was not fully eliminated.