Proliferative activity of cardiomyocytes and specific features in the course of acute experimental myocardial infarction in rats with chronic alcohol poisoning

Vascular mesenchymal changes are less expressed in rats preexposed to alcoholization, and the fibrillogenesis associated with these changes occurs later and is less severe. In rats suffering myocardial infarction in the presence of chronic alcohol poisoning the proliferative activity of cardiomyocytes is reduced. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 2, pp. 172–174, February, 1994 Presented by D. S. Sarkisov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Antimorphine antibodies as an indicator of chronic morphine intoxication and impaired immunological reactivity

Chronic intoxication of rats with morphine during 2- and 4-week periods resulted in the emergence of antimorphine antibodies in the blood of 50 and 80% of the animals, respectively, in hemagglutination titers 1∶20 and higher. Antibodies were not detected in the control animals (not treated with morphine) but were detected in 17% of rats given alcohol during a 3-month period. The animals with a high titer of antimorphine antibodies displayed a lower level of humoral reactivity in response to immunization with a thymus-dependent antigen (sheep erythrocytes) compared with the animals with a low titer of the antibodies. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 7, pp. 74–76, July, 1994     

Gastric mucosal lesions caused in rats of different strains by emotional stress,and the protective effect of interleukin 1β

Acute emotional stress results in damage to gastric mucous membranes in August, Wag, and particularly Wistar rats. The damage is less severe in rats preinjected with inter-leukin 1β into a lateral ventricle of the cerebrum. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 3, pp. 238–239, March, 1994     

Internal inhibition: A form of nonconflict breaking mental alcohol dependence in narcology

A conceptually new method for breaking mental alcohol dependence is described. The results indicate a demolishment of the alcoholic sterotype and the formation of a qualitatively new behavioral reaction to alcoholic stimuli. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 2, pp. 149–152, February, 1994     

Aldosterone binding with corticosteroid brain receptors in rats: Effect of behavioral typology and stress

Differences in³H-aldosterone binding with hippocampus cytosol receptors were found to be dependent on the behavioral type of male Wistar rats in the “emotional resonance” test. These differences were not observed in the cytosol analysis of the remaining part of the brain. Control rats and rats subjected to short-term stress by painful electrical stimulation showed a long-term drop of³H-aldosterone binding with hippocampus cytosol in active as compared to passive animals preferring a closed space. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 120, N ^o 7, pp. 49–51, July, 1995 Presented by I. P. Ashmarin, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Dehydrogenase systems of different rat tissues in experimental alcoholism simulated by inhalation or forced intake of ethanol

It is shown that alcoholization of rats during 1.5 months by the inhalation of ethanol vapors with a long-term subsidence into narcotic sleep results in alcohol dependence and marked shifts in the ratio between the activity of malate and lactate dehydrogenases and a change in the isoenzyme spectrum of the latter. This leads to an enhancement of aerobic processes in the brain and skeletal muscle tissues and of anaerobic processes in the liver and myocardium. Semiforced alcoholization of rats during 11 months, with ethanol solution serving as the only soruce of liquid, moderately lowers the ethanol tolerance and does not affect the dehydrogenase activity in the tissues examined. The effects of ethanol on the activity of functionally associated enzyme systems of malate and lactate dehydrogenases are believed to depend on the method of alcoholization and the type of tissue. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o , 7, pp. 107–109, July, 1994 Presented by A. N. Klimov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Effect of autologous sera on mitogenic stimulation of peripheral blood lymphocytes of mini-pigs chronically intoxicated with alcohol

There are no statistically significant differences in the stimulation index for purified lymphocytes of control mini-pigs and mini-pigs with chronic alcohol intoxication. Autologous sera of control and experimental animals strongly suppress mitogen-induced blast transformation of lymphocytes without death of these cells. There are no statistically significant intergroup differences in the absolute number (per mm³) of T lymphocytes in peripheral blood. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 7, pp. 89–91, July, 1994 Presented by N. K. Permyakov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Effect of chorionic gonadotropin on lactate dehydrogenase and alcohol dehydrogenase activity in the pathologically altered liver

Chorionic gonadotropin is shown to alter lactate dehydrogenase and alcohol dehydrogenase activity in the pathologically altered liver and to exert a regulatory effect on the catalytic properties of these enzymes. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 6, pp. 590–591, June, 1994 Presented by Yu. A. Romanov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Role of the central N-cholinergic receptors in preventing the inhibition of respiration following activation of the GABA-ergic system in the brain

Experiments with Nembutal-anesthetized cats, in which sodium oxybutyrate, tubocurarine, and ethyl alcohol are injected into the fourth ventricle of the brain, show that the respiratory disorders caused by sodium oxybutyrate or ethyl alcohol can be eliminated by tubocurarine. By blocking the central N-cholinergic receptors, tubocurarine abolishes the inhibition of respiratory movements induced through activation of the GABA-ergic system. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 1, pp. 17–20, January, 1995 Presented by Yu. A. Romanov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Effect of prenatal hypoxia on DNA synthesis in the tracheal epithelium and LPO-AOD system in the lungs of newborn rats

Newborn rats euthanized 24 h after birth were examined. The rats were born to females exposed to chronic hypobaric hypoxia on days 14–19 of gestation. The index of nuclei labeled with³H-thymidine in the tracheal epithelium of newborn rats exposed to prenatal hypoxia was 3 times lower than in the control. The LPO level was higher in posthypoxic animals than in intact rats. Prenatal hypoxia led to the suppression of antioxidant defense in the lungs of newborn rats. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 5, pp. 531–533, May, 1994     

Comparative pharmacological analysis of the M-cholinoreceptors inDaphnia and rats

The efficacy of M-cholinolytics in the prevention of the toxic effect of some cholinomimetics is comparatively assessed in experiments onDaphnia magna and albino rats. It is proposed that the M-cholinoreceptor population is heterogeneous inDaphnia as well as in rats. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 5, pp. 497–499, May, 1994 Presented by S. N. Golikov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Inverter mechanism of the influence exerted by insulin on the plasma membranes of cardiac myocytes in rats of different age

In the plasma membranes of cardiac myocytes from old rats, Na, K-ATPase activity and phosphatidylinositol levels were lower and cardiolipin levels higher than in those from younger (adult) animals. Insulin injected into adult rats elevated Na, K-ATPase activity and phosphatidylethanolarnine levels and caused a sharp fall in phosphatidylinositol levels. In old rats, insulin had no effect on Na, K-ATPase activity, but lowered phosphatidylethanolamine levels. In experiments with cellular hybrids (cytosol+plasma membranes), cytosol from adult rats activated Na, K-ATPase in both adult and old rats, whereas cytosol from old rats failed to activate the enzyme both in old and in adult rats. Actinomycin D prevented the stimulatory effect of insulin on Na,K-ATPase activity. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 120, N ^o 8, pp. 122–125, August, 1995     

The effect of morphine on RNA synthesis in some brain structures of rats with various narcological resistance

Different incorporation of³H-uridine in RNA and increased RNA synthesis after the addition of morphine are demonstrated in all brain structures of resistant rats, as well as in the cortex, nucleus accumbens, griseum centrale, and nucleus ventriculus hypothalami of prone rats. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 1, pp. 100–102, January, 1994     

Variations in the activity of renal and hepatic cysteine cathepsins

Activities of the cysteine cathepsins B, L, and especially H in hepatic and renal tissues from pregnant rats were found to be many times higher than in those from nonpregnant controls. In rats fasted for several days, these activities declined in the kidneys and rose in the liver. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 120, N ^o 12, pp. 586–589, December, 1995     

Temporal variations in hemodynamic effects of immobilization stress in normotensive,stress-susceptible,and spontaneously hypertensive rats

Using the catheter technique, temporal variations in arterial pressure and heart rate were examined before, during, and after a 60-minute immobilization-induced stress in normotensive, spontaneously hypertensive, and stress-susceptible awake rats. Stress-susceptible rats developed a hypertensive response to the stress more rapidly than did either normotensive or spontaneously hypertensive animals. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 120, N ^o 11, pp. 478–480, November, 1995     

Implication of the hippocampus in the development of a pain syndrome in rats following sciatic nerve damage

Local destruction or electrostimulation of the hippocampus did not affect pain sensitivity thresholds in rats with intact sciatic nerve. In rats with transected sciatic nerve, local hippocampal damage accelerated the development of a pain syndrome considerably, while hippocampal electrostimulation delayed it so that 80% of the test rats did not appear to have been experiencing pain throughout the 45-day observation period. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 8, pp. 120–122, August, 1994     

The development of free radical processes in experimental bronchospasm. Effect of the bronchodilator preparation troventol

The development of bronchospasm is shown to be accompanied by lipid peroxidation (LPO) activation; 3-fold and 8-fold rises of malondialdehyde concentration are found in homogenate of lung from sensitized animals and from animals provoked with egg albumin antigen, respectively. The use of luminol-dependent chemiluminescence (CL) reveals that in sensitized rats the production of oxygen free radicals is increased by alveolar macrophages activated with phorbol myristate acetate. Troventol at 10⁻³ mg/ml inhibits the CL response of phagocytes both in intact and in sensitized rats and lowers the level of Fe²⁺-induced LPO in lung tissue but not in the liver of intact animals. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 6, pp. 619–621, June, 1994     

Physicochemical properties of membranes and functional status of liver mitochondria in rats with an inherited capacity for increased radical formation

Liver mitochondria of inbred W/SSM rats with inherited increased radical formation reveal the following anomalies: inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation, a lowered transmembrane potential, and alterations in protein-lipid interaction. The membrane viscosity and osmotic stability of mitochondria are unaffected. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 6, pp. 628–631, June, 1995     

Alterations in cardiac function in response to epinephrine in rats with hereditary hypertension (An ECG study)

A comparative electrocardiographic evaluation of changes in cardiac function in rats with hereditary arterial hypertension (NISAG strain) and normotensive (Wistar) rats in response to a single epinephrine injection revealed much more pronounced changes in NISAG rats, including an unfavorable time course of electrocardiographic waves (left ventricle overload) and impaired conduction (blockade) and excitability (extrasystoles). The results indicate that the myocardium of NISAG rats is much more responsive to the acute stimulation of adrenergic receptors by epinephrine than is the myocardium of normotensive rats. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 120, N ^o 10, pp. 372–375, October, 1995 Presented by V. A. Trufakin, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Effect of peptidergic correction of hemorrhagic shock on the behavior of rats in the posthemorrhagic period

Hemorrhagic shock is shown to disturb the behavior of rats in the open field test. Infusion of a mixture of thyrotropin releasing hormone and FMRFa (Phe-Met-Arg-Phe amide) in subthreshold doses led to a partial recovery of the neurological status. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 120, N ^o 12, pp. 623–625, December, 1995 Presented by I. P. Ashmarin, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences