部队健康综合评价标准

本标准是在测定和分析５５００名士兵的身体形态，生理机能，运动能力，心理素质等方面指标５５项，调查和分析５０个部队的疾病状况指标２３项的基础上。分别制订出部队的体质、心理，疾病状况和健康综合评价方法和分级标准。该标准适用于陆军和海、空军陆勤部队健康的综合评价。部队试用证明，该评价方法和标准科学、简便、易行、对提高部队健康水平具有重要指导作用。     

某坑道执勤部队士兵健康综合评价

[目的]了解军事作业坑道内执勤士兵的健康状况,探讨坑道环境对士兵健康的影响。[方法]应用国家军用标准(简称军标)对某军事坑道内、外执勤士兵分组进行健康状况的调查测试,并进行综合评价。[结果]①坑道内执勤组群体体质指数为52.10,群体心理指数为53.54,部队疾病状况指数为49.19;②坑道外执勤组群体体质指数为54.90,群体心理指数为50.34,部队疾病状况指数为49.42;③坑道内执勤组部队健康综合评价指数为51.50,坑道外执勤组为52.30,同属3等。[结论]军事作业坑道内环境对短期在坑道内执勤士兵的健康不会造成较大的影响。     

莫糊数学法综合评价中学生体质与健康状况的应用

随着健康的慨念从单一的“没有疾病或虚弱”逐渐向“生理、心理和社会”三维概念转变，健康综合评价也应涵盖个体身体、心理、社会3方面的生长发育、生理功能、运动素质、心理社会状况和健康缺陷等不同指标进行综合性的总体评估。国内的体质健康综合评价研究虽然早在20世纪80年代就开始了，但并未在我国大规模的学生体质健康调研及城乡中小学生体质测试和健康检查中得到普遍应用。     

模糊数学法综合评价中学生体质与健康状况的应用

随着健康的概念从单一的"没有疾病或虚弱"逐渐向"生理、心理和社会"三维概念转变,健康综合评价也应涵盖个体身体、心理、社会3方面的生长发育、生理功能、运动素质、心理社会状况和健康缺陷等不同指标进行综合性的总体评估[1].国内的体质健康综合评价研究虽然早在20世纪80年代就开始了[2],但并未在我国大规模的学生体质健康调研及城乡中小学生体质测试和健康检查中得到普遍应用.     

层次分析法在中小学生体质健康个体综合评价中的应用

随着生物医学模式向生物-心理-社会医学模式转变,健康的概念也从单一的"没有疾病或虚弱"逐渐向"生理、心理和社会"三维概念转变.健康综合评价也应相应地涵盖个体身体、心理、社会三方面的生长发育、生理机能、运动素质、心理社会状况和健康缺陷等不同指标,进行综合性的总体评估[1].国内的体质健康综合评价研究虽然早在20世纪80年代就开始了[2],但并未在我国大规模的学生体质健康调研及城乡中小学生体质测试和健康检查中得到普遍应用.本文以武汉市某中学学生的健康状况为例,进行个体综合评估方法探讨[3].     

模糊数学综合评判在初中生健康群体综合评价的应用

目的以武汉市某中学学生的健康状况为例,探讨健康群体综合评估方法。方法选取武汉市城区某中学初二年级2个班级的全体学生为对象,共118人,建立健康综合评估指标体系,编制标准进行综合评价。结果学生体质健康评估系多因素、多水平指标的综合评价,模糊数学综合评判适用于健康群体综合评价的应用。结论健康综合评价应涵盖个体身体、心理、社会3方面的生长发育、生理机能、运动素质、心理状况和健康缺陷等不同类别指标进行综合性的总体评估。     

小学生生长发育状况调查

为了解保定城乡学生的健康状况，我们于1998年5月对保定市城乡结合部的小学学生进行了健康状况检查，以便有针对性地采取干预措施，并为今后的学校卫生工作提供依据。l对象和方法l，1对象整群抽取某小学7－12岁学生392人，其中男生1％人、女生196人。1．2方法检查方法按杨波编著《人体健康状况测定方法》一书中的规定进行，每项指标由专人负责测定和记录。以《中国学生体质与健康检测报告》一书中IWI年中国学生体质与健康调查研究综合统计资料为评价标准。2结果与分析2．11pos年某小学学生三项指标发育状况表1显示，该小学学生总体发育水…     

模糊数学综合评判在初中生健康群体综合评价的应用

目的 以武汉市某中学学生的健康状况为例,探讨健康群体综合评估方法.方法 选取武汉市城区某中学初二年级2个班级的全体学生为对象,共118人,建立健康综合评估指标体系,编制标准进行综合评价.结果 学生体质健康评估系多因素、多水平指标的综合评价,模糊数学综合评判适用于健康群体综合评价的应用.结论 健康综合评价应涵盖个体身体、心理、社会3方面的生长发育、生理机能、运动素质、心理状况和健康缺陷等不同类别指标进行综合性的总体评估.     

中小学生体质健康综合评价研究述评

体质健康综合评价 ,是将涵盖中小学生个体身体、心理、社会三方面的生长发育、生理机能、运动素质、心理状况和健康缺陷等不同类别指标 ,组成评价指标体系 ,进行综合性的总体评估 ,从而表达对健康状况的理解〔1〕。体质健康综合评价 ,虽然国内早在 2 0世纪 80年代就开始研究〔2〕,但还未在我国大规模的学生体质健康调研及城乡中小学生体质测试和健康检查中得到普遍应用。我国见于文献报道的“体质综合评价”是在中国体育科学学会体质研究会 1982年在山东泰安召开的全国体质研究学术会上提出的。经体质研究会倡议 ,组成了第 1个《中国学生体…     

以"知己健康管理"新模式不断推进部队干部保健工作

目的从严重危害干部健康的现代生活方式疾病入手,全面教育,重点指导,促进干部健康,保障部队战斗力。方法以《知己健康危险因素评价与指导软件》对年度体检参检干部进行全面评估,在集中教育的基础上,筛出部分"三高"(高血脂、高血糖、高血压)干部,利用《生活方式疾病综合防治管理软件》和运动能量监测仪,因人而异提供个性化的饮食、运动处方,分批跟踪监测,强化管理指导。结果3个月后,"三高"干部体质指数、血糖、血脂、血压等指标均有明显改善,受到广泛关注,有力地推进了部队的干部保健工作。结论部队组织严密,干部训练有素,有利于实施和推广健康管理工作;部队干部健康管理工作对社会健康产业的发展和市场的规范可以起到良好的促进作用。     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.