两种方法治疗肩锁关节脱位和锁骨远端骨折的疗效比较

目的比较采用锁骨钩钢板与克氏针加张力带钢丝内固定治疗肩锁关节脱位和锁骨远端骨折的临床疗效。方法回顾分析并比较采用克氏针加张力带钢丝固定治疗55例肩锁关节脱位和锁骨远端骨折及采用锁骨钩钢板固定治疗的37例肩锁关节脱位和锁骨远端骨折的疗效。结果前者55例患者中54例获得8~18个月随访,50例患者正常愈合,4例患者出现克氏针松动退出,导致固定失败,2次手术。后者37例患者全部获得8~18个月随访,全部正常愈合,无1例固定失败。结论采用锁骨钩钢板固定治疗肩锁关节脱位和锁骨远端骨折固定可靠,成功率高,符合生物力学要求,术后功能康复快,明显优于克氏针加张力带钢丝固定。     

肩锁钩钢板与克氏针张力带固定治疗锁骨远端骨折脱位的疗效评价

目的使用肩锁钩钢板与克氏针张力带固定治疗锁骨远端骨折与脱位,并对其治疗效果进行比较。方法本院自2001年3月至2007年3月分别采用锁骨钩钢板和克氏针张力带内固定治疗锁骨远端骨折脱位32例,术后给与前臂悬吊固定,并行肩关节功能锻炼。结果随访6个月～5年,按照Lazzcano标准评定骨折愈合和肩关节功能优良率。肩锁钩钢板固定优于克氏针张力带固定（分别为93.3%,64.7%,P〈0.01））。结论肩锁钩钢板是一种设计合理,固定可靠,允许肩关节早期功能锻炼的有效手术治疗方法。     

锁骨钩钢板与克氏针张力带治疗肩锁关节脱位和锁骨远端骨折疗效比较

[目的]比较研究锁骨钩钢板与克氏针张力带治疗肩锁关节脱位和锁骨远端骨折的疗效。[方法]52例肩锁关节脱位或锁骨远端骨折患者，34例采用锁骨钩钢板、18例采用克氏针张力带内固定。回顾性分析比较其手术难易程度、治疗效果及并发症。[结果]术中两组手术难易程度无明显差异，P〉0．05；术后平均随访15个月，锁骨钩钢板组手术并发症发生率为0．0％，肩关节功能评定优良率为97．1％，优于克氏针张力带组的38．9％、72．2％，P〈0．05。[结论]锁骨钩钢板是一种在治疗肩锁关节脱位和锁骨远端骨折上优于克氏针张力带的新方法，值得推广。     

锁骨钩钢板与克氏针张力带固定治疗锁骨远端骨折与肩锁关节脱位

目的 探讨使用锁骨钩钢板与克氏针张力带固定治疗锁骨远端骨折与肩锁关节脱位的疗效.方法 分别采用锁骨钩钢板和克氏针张力带内固定治疗锁骨远端骨折与肩锁关节脱位32例,术后给予前臂悬吊固定,并行肩关节功能锻炼.结果 随访6个月～5年,按照Lazzcano标准评定骨折愈合和肩关节功能优良率,锁骨钩钢板固定优于克氏针张力带(分别为93.3%,64.7%,二者比较P＜0.01).结论 锁骨钩钢板设计合理,对锁骨远端骨折与肩锁关节脱位固定可靠,允许肩关节早期功能锻炼,是一种有效的内固定方法 .     

锁骨远端骨折及肩锁关节脱位的疗效分析

目的比较分析两种不同手术方法治疗不稳定性锁骨远端骨折及肩锁关节脱位的疗效。方法对64例不稳定性锁骨远端骨折及肩锁关节脱位患者,分别行手术切开复位克氏针钢丝张力带和AO锁骨钩钢板治疗,平均随访13个月,采用Karlsson评分标准评估疗效。结果优良率为82.8%,其中克氏针钢丝张力带组优良率为76.3%,AO锁骨钩钢板组优良率为92.3%,两组相比有显著性差异（P〈0.05）。结论对不稳定性锁骨远端骨折及肩锁关节脱位,AO锁骨钩钢板是一种可靠的方法。     

不稳定性锁骨外侧端骨折及肩锁关节脱位的手术治疗

目的　评价不稳定性锁骨外侧端骨折及肩锁关节脱位的治疗方法和临床疗效。方法　对 1 0 9例不稳定性锁骨外侧端骨折及肩锁关节脱位患者分别行手术切开复位克氏针内固定、克氏针张力带内固定与锁骨钩钢板内固定治疗。平均随访时间 1 5年 ,采用Karlsson评分标准评估治疗效果。结果　优良率为 80 7% (88/1 0 9) ,其中克氏针内固定组优良率为 73 8% ,克氏针张力带内固定组优良率为 78 9% ,锁骨钩钢板内固定组优良率为 93 1 % ;前两组与后一组相比较 ,有显著性差异 (P <0 0 5 ) ,锁骨钩钢板内固定组优良率最高。结论　对不稳定性锁骨外侧端骨折及肩锁关节脱位 ,锁骨钩钢板内固定疗效最佳 ,对新鲜骨折脱位手术中不一定要修复喙锁韧带、肩锁韧带     

肩锁关节脱位和锁骨远端骨折两种固定方法的比较

目的比较采用插入式锁骨钩钢板与克氏针加张力带钢丝内固定治疗肩锁关节脱位和锁骨远端骨折的临床疗效。方法回顾分析我院1997～2005年采用克氏针加张力带钢丝固定治疗的91例肩锁关节脱位和锁骨远端骨折及2002-2007年采用插入式锁骨钩钢板固定治疗的57例肩锁关节脱位和锁骨远端骨折。复位骨折或脱位后，前者用1～2枚直径为2．0或2．5mm克氏针由外向内经肩峰穿入锁骨外1／3附近上方出针，加用张力带钢丝加强固定；后者先将锁骨钩钢板的钩部插入肩峰下，然后将钢板体部用螺钉固定于锁骨上。结果前者91例患者中80例获得12～18个月随访，74例患者正常愈合，6例患者出现克氏针松动退出，导致固定失败二次手术。后者57例患者中51例获得12～20个月随访，51例患者全部正常愈合，无一例固定失败。结论采用插入式锁骨钩钢板固定治疗肩锁关节脱位和锁骨远端骨折操作简单、固定可靠、成功率高，符合生物力学要求，术后功能康复快，明显优于克氏针加张力带钢丝固定。     

克氏针张力带与锁骨钩钢板治疗Ⅲ型肩锁关节脱位疗效分析

目的探讨克氏针张力带与锁骨钩钢板治疗Ⅲ型肩锁关节脱位的临床疗效。方法39例Ⅲ型肩锁关节脱位用两种内固定方法治疗。均为成人,分为两组,分别行克氏针张力带内固定和锁骨钩钢板内固定。全部病例均获得随访,时间6~18个月,平均10个月。结果克氏针张力带内固定与锁骨钩钢板内固定在治疗Ⅲ型肩锁关节脱位上结果无明显差异,各有优势。结论克氏针张力带与锁骨钩钢板治疗Ⅲ型肩锁关节脱位均具有固定可靠、术后可以早期肩关节活动等优点,能有效减少并发症,掌握好手术指征,是治疗Ⅲ型肩锁关节脱位的两种较理想方法。     

三种内固定方法治疗肩锁关节Ⅲ型脱位分析

[目的]比较克氏针张力带、锁骨钩钢板和经皮螺钉结合克氏针固定治疗肩锁关节完全脱位的手术时间、术中出血量、切口长度、疗效及并发症.[方法]采用三种方法治疗92例肩锁关节完全脱位,克氏针张力带组26例,锁骨钩钢板组34例,经皮螺钉结合克氏针组32例,均为新鲜脱位.其中男78例,女14例.[结果]86例获得随访,平均随访19(13～31)个月.根据Karlsson疗效标准评价,三种术式优良率分别为73.1%、94.1%、93.8%.三组平均手术时间分别为35.6 min、38.6 min、28.1 min,平均出血量分别为43.6 ml、48.3 ml、7.5 ml;平均切口长度分别为8.8cm、8.9 cm、0.7 cm;并发症例次分别为20、9、8例次.[结论]经皮喙锁螺钉结合肩锁克氏针固定手术所需时间短,术中出血少,切口美观,并发症少,临床疗效好,是治疗肩锁关节完全脱位较理想的方法之一.     

分叉克氏针治疗肩锁关节脱位及锁骨远端骨折

目的 探索和改进肩锁关节脱位、锁骨远端骨折的治疗方法.方法 用自行改制的分叉克氏针治疗肩锁关节脱位和锁骨远端骨折23例,并与克氏针张力带及锁骨钩钢板治疗方法进行比较.结果 患者获随访2～60个月,平均19.3个月.疗效比较:分叉克氏针与克氏针张力带比较,前者明显优于后者,两者比较有显著性差异(p<0.05),分叉克氏针与锁骨钩钢板比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).并发症发生率,分叉克氏针低于克氏针张力带(P<0.05),但与锁骨钩钢板相当,差异无统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 分叉克氏针固定牢靠、创伤小、费用低、并发症少,是治疗肩锁关节脱位及锁骨远端骨折较好的固定方法之一.     

维生素D受体在糖尿病肾病足细胞损伤及蛋白尿缓解中的作用

目的探讨维生素D受体(VDR)在糖尿病肾病(DKD)足细胞中的表达水平及在足细胞损伤及蛋白尿缓解中的作用。方法(1)本研究纳入了65例诊断患有2型糖尿病(伴或不伴蛋白尿)的患者,并纳入了25例年龄和性别相匹配的健康体检者为对照组。根据白蛋白/肌酐(ACR)的尿排泄比例对2型糖尿病患者进行分组,分别为无蛋白尿(ACR<30 mg/g,n=24)、微量白蛋白尿(ACR 30~300 mg/g,n=18)和临床蛋白尿(ACR>300 mg/g,n=23)。另选择25例经肾活检确诊的DKD患者作为DKD组。正常肾脏组织标本均取自泌尿外科同一时期肾脏肿瘤切除患者10例。将各组检测指标进行对比,同时采用实时定量PCR、ELISA法和免疫组化法检测VDR在各组患者的血液、尿液样本和肾脏组织中的表达情况,以及使用Pearson相关分析分析VDR与尿蛋白的相关性。(2)在2型糖尿病肾病小鼠模型中对上述结果进行验证,将遗传背景均为C57BLKs/J的雄性db/db小鼠及同窝出生的db/m小鼠,随机分为正常对照组(A组)、DKD对照组(B组)、DKD二甲基亚砜处理组(C组)、DKD帕立骨化醇(VDR激动剂)处理组(D组),C、D组连续腹腔注射处理8周,对照组不做任何处理。小鼠10周龄时开始连续干预8周,在小鼠22周龄(开始干预后12周)检测各组小鼠体重、血、尿生化指标对比;Western印迹法检测β⁃catenin、VDR的变化;免疫荧光观察足细胞标志蛋白podocin及足细胞损伤蛋白α⁃SMA的表达变化。结果(1)与正常健康对照组相比,无蛋白尿组、微量白蛋白尿组和临床蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05);与无蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者相比,微量白蛋白尿组和临床蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05)。(2)与正常健康对照组相比,无蛋白尿糖尿病组和DKD组患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05);与无蛋白尿糖尿病组患者相比,DKD组患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平亦较低(均P<0.05)。(3)免疫组化结果显示,DKD组肾组织中VDR的表达明显少于正常对照组。(4)DKD患者血浆中VDR mRNA相对水平与ACR呈负相关(r=-0.342,P<0.05)。(5)各组尿液上清液中VDR的水平与血浆中的水平呈相反趋势。(6)Western印迹结果显示,B组、C组肾小球足细胞β⁃catenin蛋白表达高于D组(均P<0.05),VDR蛋白的表达低于D组(均P<0.05);免疫荧光结果显示,B组、C组肾小球足细胞podocin的表达低于D组(均P<0.05),α⁃SMA的表达高于D组(均P<0.05)。结论VDR高表达缓解DKD足细胞损伤及蛋白尿。     

Anterior Interosseous Nerve Palsy After Shoulder Arthroscopy Treated With Surgical Decompression: A Case Series and Systematic Review of the Literature

Background: Anterior interosseous nerve (AIN) palsy is a very uncommon cause of upper extremity pain and weakness that comprises less than 1% of all upper extremity nerve palsies. Rarely reported but also mentioned in the literature is AIN palsy after shoulder arthroscopy. Methods: A systematic review of the literature to date using PubMed was conducted to identify patients who suffered AIN palsy after shoulder arthroscopy procedures. Articles included met the following criteria: (1) published in English; (2) primary presentation of the data; (3) patients had undergone shoulder arthroscopy before developing symptoms of AIN palsy; and (4) diagnosis was confirmed with clinical symptoms of AIN palsy. Measured outcomes included patient demographics, specific shoulder procedure, anesthesia procedure, intra-operative patient positioning, intra-operative compressive dressing, intra-operative traction, surgical versus conservative treatment, abnormal findings during decompression procedure, proposed mechanism of injury, and follow-up. Results: The search yielded 6 articles, of which 4 (13 cases) met inclusion criteria. An additional 2 cases were included in this report totaling 15 cases. The average patient age was 49 years (range: 31-64) with 73% males. At average follow-up of 24 months, 67% of patients experienced complete resolution of symptoms—more than half of which underwent surgical decompression. Patients who failed to progress experienced weakness of the flexor digitorum profundus and flexor pollicis longus muscles. Conclusions: Proposed injury mechanisms for AIN palsy after shoulder arthroscopy range from mechanical trauma, compressive hematoma, and direct anesthetic neurotoxicity. Management should be directed by clinical symptoms, imaging, and patient factors with majority of patients expected to have excellent clinical outcomes.     

不同尿钙水平的Gitelman综合征患者临床特点比较

目的观察不同尿钙水平Gitelman综合征(GS)患者的临床特点,探讨尿钙在GS疾病临床分型中的价值。方法收集2016—2018年来自中国国家罕见病注册系统(NRSC)、在北京协和医院行SLC12A3基因检测诊断为GS患者的临床资料,分析其尿钙特点,比较不同尿钙水平患者的临床和实验室检查指标。氢氯噻嗪试验按照标准操作流程进行,测定患者基线和用药后3 h内氯离子排泄分数改变量的最大值(ΔFECl)。结果共有83例GS患者被纳入研究,其中低尿钙患者53例(63.86%)。低尿钙组尿钙/肌酐比明显低于非低尿钙组[(0.085±0.058)mmol/mmol比(0.471±0.284)mmol/mmol,t=7.349,P<0.001]。两组患者在年龄、性别、估算肾小球滤过率、血压、血尿电解质水平、代谢性碱中毒方面差异均无统计学意义。低尿钙组患者乏力(χ2=4.595,P=0.032)及多尿(χ2=5.778,P=0.016)发生比例低于非低尿钙组,两组患者在其他临床症状方面差异无统计学意义。低尿钙和非低尿钙组各有16例患者行氢氯噻嗪试验,中位ΔFECl结果分别为0.539%(0.430%,1.283%)和0.829%(0.119%,1.298%),均提示对氢氯噻嗪无反应,组间差异无统计学意义(U=130.000,P=0.956)。结论GS患者中低尿钙比例为63.86%,尿钙水平与疾病临床表型、NCC功能损伤严重程度之间均无明确相关性。     

Role of Conventional and Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Spinal Treatment Protocol for Hydatid Disease

Objective:

To demonstrate the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in determining the treatment protocol for hydatid disease of the spine.

Design:

Case report; literature review.

Findings:

Diffusion-weighted MRI can help differentiate complicated infected hydatidosis from abscesses, epidermoid cysts from arachnoid cysts, and benign from malignant vertebral compression fractures. It is also helpful in differentiating between abscesses and necrotic tumors.

Conclusion:

Diffusion-weighted MRI can help differentiate between infections requiring immediate surgery and those that can be treated medically with antihelmintic treatment.     

Fibrinogen-thrombin collagen patch reinforcement of highrisk colonic anastomoses in rats

AIM To evaluate the effectiveness of human fibrinogenthrombin collagen patch(TachoSil~?) in the reinforcement of high-risk colon anastomoses.METHODS A quasi-experimental study was conducted in Wistar rats(n = 56) that all underwent high-risk anastomoses(anastomosis with only two sutures) after colectomies. The rats were divided into two randomized groups: Control group(24 rats) and treatment group(24 rats). In the treatment group, high-risk anastomosis was reinforced with TachoSil~? (a piece of Tacho Sil? was applied over this high-risk anastomosis, covering the gap). Leak incidence, overall survival, intra-abdominal adhesions, and histologic healing of anastomoses were analyzed. Survivors were divided into two subgroups and euthanized at 15 and 30 d after intervention in order to analyze the adhesions and histologic changes. RESULTS Overall survival was 71.4% and 57.14% in the TachoSil~? group and control group, respectively(P = 0.29); four rats died from other causes and six rats in the treatment group and 10 in the control group experienced colonic leakage(P 0.05). The intra-abdominal adhesion score was similar in both groups, with no differences between subgroups. We found non-significant differences in the healing process according to the histologic score used in both groups(P = 0.066).CONCLUSION In our study, the use of TachoSil~? was associated with a non-statistically significant reduction in the rate of leakage in high-risk anastomoses. TachoSil~? has been shown to be a safe product because it does not affect the histologic healing process or increase intra-abdominal adhesions.     

Fluorescence in the Sclera,Nails, and Teeth Secondary to Favipiravir Use for COVID-19 Infections

Favipiravir, an antiviral agent originally used for influenza infections, has become popular due to its beneficial signals in coronavirus disease. It is currently used in some countries within COVID-19 treatment protocols. This is an initial report of favipiravir-related fluorescence observed in three healthcare providers working in the same ward in our hospital. All three individuals had been diagnosed with COVID-19 two months earlier and were treated with favipiravir. None of the three individuals received hydroxychloroquine or tetracyclines. Wood’s light examination led to an incidental discovery of favipiravir-induced fluorescence involving the sclera, nails, and teeth. In all patients, white linear, square, and band-like specks of fluorescence were noticed on the sclera of both eyes, some teeth, and the proximal part of all fingernails and toenails. Exposure of the eyes to the Wood’s light was for a brief duration of 3 to 5 seconds during examination and photodocumentation. Favipiravir might cause bright white fluorescence of nails, sclera, and teeth, detectable by Wood’s light even two months after its cessation.     

Safety and tolerability of single intravenous doses of sugammadex administered simultaneously with rocuronium or vecuronium in healthy volunteers

BACKGROUND: Sugammadex rapidly reverses rocuronium- and vecuronium-induced neuromuscular block. To investigate the effect of combination of sugammadex and rocuronium or vecuronium on QT interval, it would be preferable to avoid the interference of anaesthesia. Therefore, this pilot study was performed to investigate the safety, tolerability, and plasma pharmacokinetics of single i.v. doses of sugammadex administered simultaneously with rocuronium or vecuronium to anaesthetized and non-anaesthetized healthy volunteers. METHODS: In this phase I study, 12 subjects were anaesthetized with propofol/remifentanil and received sugammadex 16, 20, or 32 mg kg(-1) combined with rocuronium 1.2 mg kg(-1) or vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1); four subjects were not anaesthetized and received sugammadex 32 mg kg(-1) with rocuronium 1.2 mg kg(-1) or vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1) (n=2 per treatment). Neuromuscular function was assessed by TOF-Watch SX monitoring in anaesthetized subjects and by clinical tests in non-anaesthetized volunteers. Sugammadex, rocuronium, and vecuronium plasma concentrations were measured at several time points. RESULTS: No serious adverse events (AEs) were reported. Fourteen subjects reported 23 AEs after study drug administration. Episodes of mild headache, tiredness, cold feeling (application site), dry mouth, oral discomfort, nausea, increased aspartate aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyltransferase levels, and moderate injection site irritation were considered as possibly related to the study drug. The ECG and vital signs showed no clinically relevant changes. Rocuronium/vecuronium plasma concentrations declined faster than those of sugammadex. CONCLUSIONS: Single-dose administration of sugammadex 16, 20, or 32 mg kg(-1) in combination with rocuronium 1.2 mg kg(-1) or vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1) was well tolerated with no clinical evidence of residual neuromuscular block, confirming that these combinations can safely be administered simultaneously to non-anaesthetized subjects. Rocuronium and vecuronium plasma concentrations decreased faster than those of sugammadex, reducing the theoretical risk of neuromuscular block developing over time.     

罗伊适应模式对腹股沟疝无张力疝修补术后恢复情况的影响

目的探讨罗伊适应模式对患者腹股沟疝无张力疝修补术后恢复情况的影响。 方法将2016年1月至2019年5月在秦皇岛市第二医院择期进行无张力修补术治疗的120例腹股沟疝患者，按照随机数字法分为对照组和观察组，每组各60例。对照组采用常规护理治疗，观察组在对照组的基础上采用罗伊适应模式。比较2组患者的术后临床指标、心理状态、围手术期并发症发生情况及满意度。 结果术后观察组患者的首次排气时间、恢复正常饮食时间、离床活动时间和术后住院时间均低于对照组（P<0.05）；术后观察组患者的抑郁自评量表（SDS）和焦虑自评量表（SAS）评分显著低于对照组（P<0.05）；术后2组患者均无切口感染发生，2组患者尿潴留、急性疼痛、认知功能障碍、发热、血肿等发生率相比无统计学差异（P>0.05）；术后观察组患者护理满意度为96.67%，显著高于对照组的83.33%（P<0.05）。 结论在常规护理的基础上，罗伊适应模式用于患者腹股沟疝无张力修补围手术期，能有效改善术后患者的焦虑/抑郁情绪，不增加围手术期并发症，促进术后患者的恢复及提高治疗满意度。     

血浆凝血因子VIII水平与IgA肾病患者临床病理改变及预后的关系

目的探讨血浆凝血因子VIII(factor VIII,FVIII)水平与IgA肾病(IgAN)患者临床参数及预后的关系。方法收集2016年1月至2016年12月中南大学湘雅二医院确诊的IgAN患者的临床资料。按照时间依赖的受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)得出的血浆FVIII预测IgAN预后的临界值,将患者分为高FVIII组(FVIII>140.50%)和低FVIII组(FVIII≤140.50%),比较两组患者肾活检时基线临床参数的差异。以估算肾小球滤过率(eGFR)下降≥30%或进入终末期肾脏病(ESRD)为终点事件,采用Kaplan-Meier生存曲线及Cox回归方程法分析血浆FVIII水平对IgAN患者预后的影响。结果共93例IgAN患者纳入本研究,中位随访时间为35.15(33.77,36.76)个月,12例(12.90%)患者发生终点事件。高FVIII组患者年龄、血肌酐、尿素氮、血三酰甘油、血总胆固醇、血浆纤维蛋白原、D-二聚体、24 h尿蛋白量、蛋白C、蛋白S和eGFR下降速率高于低FVIII组(均P<0.05);eGFR、血白蛋白、中位随访时间低于低FVIII组(均P<0.05)。Kaplan-Meier生存分析结果显示,与低FVIII组比较,高FVIII组患者肾脏累积生存率降低(χ2=5.635,P=0.018)。在校正收缩压、eGFR、尿蛋白、肾小管萎缩/间质纤维化程度等因素后,多因素Cox回归分析结果显示,高血浆FVIII水平是IgAN患者肾脏预后不良的独立危险因素(HR=4.147,95%CI 1.055~16.308,P=0.042)。结论血浆FVIII水平与IgAN患者临床指标及预后相关,高血浆FVIII水平是IgAN患者肾脏预后不良的独立危险因素。     

Factors Associated With Reoperation After Silicone Proximal Interphalangeal Joint Arthroplasty

Background: Silicone proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint arthroplasty has a high revision rate. It has been suggested that persistent ulnar deviation and joint instability influence the durability of PIP silicone arthroplasties. The goal of this study was to evaluate what factors are associated with reoperation after silicone PIP arthroplasty. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated all adult patients who underwent PIP silicone arthroplasty between 2002 and 2016 at one institutional system for inflammatory-, posttraumatic-, and primary degenerative arthritis. After manual chart review, we included 91 patients who underwent 114 arthroplasties. Fingers operated included 14 index, 41 middle, 38 ring, and 21 small fingers. Results: The overall reoperation rate was 14% (n = 16). Non-Caucasian race (P = .040), smoking (P = .022) and PIP silicone arthroplasty for post-traumatic osteoarthritis (P = .021) were associated with reoperation. The 1-, 5- and 10-year implant survival rates were 87%, 85%, and 85%, respectively. Conclusion: Caution should be exercised when considering PIP silicone arthroplasty of the index finger or in patients with post-traumatic osteoarthritis. It may be worthwhile addressing smoking behavior before pursuing silicone PIP arthroplasty.