污水灌溉农田对当地居民健康影响的调查

污水对人的健康危害很大。奎河是徐州市区 10 0余家工业企业废水排入的河道 ,下游居民将此水灌溉农田和生活饮用。为摸清奎河水质情况及其对当地居民健康的影响 ,我们对下游居民健康状况及其影响因素进行了初步调查。现将结果分析如下。1　调查内容及方法1.1　调查对象　选择以污水灌溉农田和饮用浅井水的三堡乡徐村为调查对象 ;选择远离污水 7公里用运河水灌溉农田和饮用深井水 ,其它自然条件和生活习惯与徐村相似的狮子山乡土山寺村为对照组。1.2　居民死亡情况　从当地派出所收集徐村、土山寺村居住 5年以上的居民为调查对象 ,死因诊断按…     

成都市蒲江县农村地区居民死亡入户调查的质量评价

目的评价居民死亡入户调查收集信息的质量。方法对医院上报的和乡村医生入户调查重复报告的死亡卡片进行分析。结果死亡入户调查收集的死亡疾病准确率、死亡日期准确率、出生日期准确率均低于40%,报告及时性虚高。结论居民死亡入户调查质量还有待提高。     

饮用水pH值过低原因及其对人体健康影响的调查

我们在参加1984年全国生活饮用水水质调查时,发现高武～碧痕段较大面积水质pH值过低(有的pH达3.4),为了解其原因及对居民健康影响情况,提出改水依据,进行了调查。 材料与方法 调查内容:收集该段基本自然情况;于枯、丰水期对在地质、地形、分布上具有代表     

浙江省居民伤害状况调查

伤害基础性信息收集工作尤为重要.伤害信息来源中,以社区调查信息量最大,包括所调查的居民从伤害发生到死亡的所有伤害病例资料,可以计算发生率.本研究对浙江省社区居民伤害发生基本情况及影响因素进行了调查,现将结果报道如下.     

垃圾分类回收系统中影响因素的比较研究——以美国EI Paso(帕索市)和西班牙Asturias(奥斯图瑞市)为例

采用问卷方式对EI Paso(美国帕索市)和西班牙Asturias(奥图瑞市)垃圾分类回收系统中投放垃圾频率、垃圾分类比率、垃圾收集点与居民住宅距离、垃圾清运时间等对居民分类回收行动的影响进行了调查.结果表明:垃圾收集点与居民住宅距离、垃圾清运时间是影响垃圾分类回收的关键因素.     

青岛市四方区居民健康教育需求情况调查分析

青岛市四方区居民健康教育需求情况调查分析许树民郭庆祥巩华为了解城区居民对健康教育需求情况，针对不同人群进行健康教育，于１９９７年６月随机对四方区居民进行了健康教育需求调查，现报告如下。１内容与方法１．１内容包括经常向群众宣传的２０项卫生知识和常用的１...     

如东县高血压流行现状调查

为摸清我县人群高血压的流行情况,制定防治措施,于2000年4月份进行高血压流行病学调查,现将调查结果分析如下。 1 调查对象与方法 1.1 调查结象 采用分阶段整群抽样方法,确定5个村作为调查点,对居住5 a以上的15岁及以上常住居民进行调查。 1.2 调查内容 采取面对面的方式入户调查,对15岁以上居民进行血压的测量,对35岁及以上居民同时进行问卷调查,内容包括:一般情况、高血压病史以及冠心病、脑卒中、糖尿病病     

北京市居民对健康管理的认知调查研究

目的了解北京市居民对于健康管理服务的认识和利用情况,为推动健康管理发展提供数据参考。方法采用自编问卷对北京市居民进行网络在线调查。结果共收集到有效问卷515份,受访居民中有78.3%听说过健康管理,80.6%认为需要对健康进行管理;健康体检成为居民采用过最多的健康管理服务(48.0%);经济因素(72.4%)是影响居民选择健康管理服务的主要因素。结论北京市居民对于健康管理的意识和认知程度较高但缺乏深度,应继续加强健康教育,拓展健康管理服务内容,管理部门也要为健康管理机构的发展营造良好的外部环境。     

三峡库区宜昌疾病监测点法定传染病漏报调查报告

为掌握三峡工程坝区及宜昌库区法定传染病实际发病情况 ,根据中国预防医学科学院《三峡库区人群健康监测传染病漏报调查方案》的要求 ,于 2 0 0 0年 10月组织对宜昌疾病监测点进行了居民及医疗保健机构法定传染病漏报调查。现将结果报告如下。1　调查内容与方法宜昌市各部分县 (市 )卫生防疫站和医疗部门熟悉业务的疫情管理人员及医务人员组成调查组 ,对调查人员进行培训 ,熟悉调查内容 ,统一诊断标准和调查方法 ,分别进行居民及医疗保健机构法定传染病漏报调查。1.1　居民漏报调查　将监测点按地理位置划分为东、西、南、北、中 5个片区 ,…     

城市生活垃圾分类收集的社会调查

作者进行了城市生活垃圾分类收集的社会调查。结果表明，大多数居民支持垃圾分类收订，居民也能理解个人承担部分垃圾处理费用的必要性，可以认为城市生活垃圾收费制度和分类收集在中国同样势在和行。     

济南市城市生活垃圾综合治理对策的探讨

通过对国内外和济南市城市生活垃圾收运处置现状的调查研究分析，提出济南市城市生活垃圾综合治理对策，首先建立与市场经济相适应的管理体系，其次将垃圾治理的重点从最终处理转移至垃圾源头治理，实施垃圾分类收集，再次推进垃圾处理产业化进程，制定并实施垃圾处理的收费政策和有关的经济技术政策。     

Environmental and health impacts of household solid waste handling and disposal practices in third world cities: the case of the Accra Metropolitan Area, Ghana

Inadequate provision of solid waste management facilities in Third World cities results in indiscriminate disposal and unsanitary environments, which threatens the health of urban residents. The study reported here examined household-level waste management and disposal practices in the Accra Metropolitan Area, Ghana. The residents of Accra currently generate large amounts of solid waste, beyond the management capabilities of the existing waste management system. Because the solid waste infrastructure is inadequate, over 80 percent of the population do not have home collection services. Only 13.5 percent of respondents are served with door-to-door collection of solid waste, while the rest dispose of their waste at communal collection points, in open spaces, and in waterways. The majority of households store their waste in open containers and plastic bags in the home. Waste storage in the home is associated with the presence of houseflies in the kitchen (r = .17, p < .0001). The presence of houseflies in the kitchen during cooking is correlated with the incidence of childhood diarrhea (r = .36, p < .0001). Inadequate solid waste facilities result in indiscriminate burning and burying of solid waste. There is an association between waste burning and the incidence of respiratory health symptoms among adults (r = .25, p < .0001) and children (r = .22, p < .05). Poor handling and disposal of waste are major causes of environmental pollution, which creates breeding grounds for pathogenic organisms, and the spread of infectious diseases. Improving access to solid waste collection facilities and services will help achieve sound environmental health in Accra.     

广州市城市生活垃圾分类收集问卷调查——以南华西街为例

以南华西街为例,通过广州市城市生活垃圾分类收集的问卷调查,揭示了广州生活垃圾分类收集现状,分析了其存在的问题及成因；提出应从学校和居住区入手,向居民和学生讲解垃圾分类的方法和技巧,完善垃圾收集设备及体系,以方便居民进行垃圾分类.     

本溪市垃圾转运站发展的实践与探讨

本溪市自１９９４年起建设了约１００座垃圾房。通过对几种垃圾收运方式的比较，结合本溪市的实际情况确定以建设垃圾屋为主，逐渐开展居民生活垃圾袋化收集的方式，在新建小区的环卫验收时，要验收是否建设了配套的垃圾房，从而解决了垃圾房的建设资金问题，使环境卫工作得到发展。     

桂林市生活垃圾的调查分析

由于在桂林市进行了中德垃圾收运处置技术示范工程，需要对桂林市生活垃圾成分进行调查，介绍了调查分析需用的仪器，调查方法和分析结果。     

城市生活垃圾分类收集思考

阐述了城市生活垃圾分类收集的必要性,分析了我国城市生活垃圾分类现状,提出应从学校和居住区入手。向居民和学生讲解垃圾分类的方法和技巧;完善垃圾的收集设备及体系,以方便居民进行垃圾分类。     

Association between household solid waste disposal and health, Belo Horizonte (MG), Brasil]

There are few published studies about the effects of inadequate solid waste collection on the health of the population exposed to this situation. The objective of the present work was to describe this association in a sample of children under 5 years of age living in seven low-income neighborhoods and favelas in the city of Belo Horizonte, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. We defined as "exposed" those children whose families were not served by waste collection; "not-exposed" were children who lived in areas with waste collection. The study employed data collected in 1994 and organized as a database by the municipal department of health. We employed a cross-sectional design, in which a "case" was defined as a child whose outpatient clinic record indicated a diagnosis of diarrheal, parasitic, or dermatological disease. Other diagnoses for the same age group composed the control group. Our epidemiological study revealed an association between the absence of domestic solid waste collection and public health. Our results suggest that the children exposed to the absence of solid waste collection have a 40% higher odds (OR = 1.40) of presenting diarrheal, parasitic, and dermatological diseases than not-exposed children. In addition, the calculation of attributable risk revealed that the presence of waste collection could prevent (based on the 1995 situation) 512 cases in the neighborhoods studied and (based on the 1994 conditions) 2316 cases among children in the entire city of Belo Horizonte.     

密封垃圾车接污装置的设计与研究

在垃圾收运过程中，垃圾污水沿途洒漏问题不容忽视。通过对大连市 密封垃圾车接污染置设计原理及使用功能的论述，阐明了接污染置的研究在实际垃圾收运经当中所起到的重要作用。     

Hospital waste management and it's probable health effect: a lesson learned from Bangladesh

A study was conducted to evaluate the current status of hospital waste management (HWM) in Bangladesh. The aim is to recognize the health effect of the existing practice, to determine the awareness level of doctors and nurses about hospital waste, to identify the weaknesses, and to provide suggestions for improvement. Hospital staff, waste pickers, and local residents were interviewed while in depth field observation, which included sample collection and laboratory analysis was also conducted. Through this investigation, it has been quite evident that a satisfactory hospital waste management system in government hospitals and several private clinics is severely lacking. At present, Bangladesh has no rigorous laws or regulation, which are enforced in this area. The waste is generally dumped together in a public place such as the hospital surroundings, the roadside or City Corporation dustbin. Many doctors and nurses are not fully aware about what constitutes as medical waste. Health care workers have only a basic understanding of health care and do not perceive handling or disposal of medial waste as a hazardous work. Laboratory analysis shows existing contamination of infectious agents in the environment. Some staff members interviewed were suffering from various kinds of infectious diseases such as viral hepatitis B/C, typhoid, skin disease/allergy, diarrhea, dysentery, tuberculosis, and malaria. During field observation it was discovered that improved HWM systems have only recently been introduced in a small number of private hospitals and clinics, some of which could be used as references to formulate guidelines for reaching the optimal at the national level. The study indicates that there is a need to improve the handling and disposal methods of hospital waste in almost all the available medical facilities. There are a few NGOs that have started awareness building and training on waste management for selected hospital staff and NGO officials. Based on the analysis of the situation, several suggestions and recommendations have been made to aid in the development of a waste management system.