北京市生活垃圾收集模式研究

阐述了北京市生活垃圾收集模式种类,分析垃圾房/集装箱收集方式、密闭式清洁站(即垃圾收集站)收集方式和压缩车流动收集方式特点,比较各模式的优缺点和适用区域。     

本溪市主干路实行垃圾袋装收集效果分析

在认真总结本溪市主干路撤掉垃圾箱经验教训的基础上 ,制订了科学的实施方案 ,实行垃圾袋装收集 ,通过效果分析 ,证明采取这种方式可取得良好的环境效益和社会效益     

上海村镇生活垃圾分类收集模式与配套设施设置初探

分析了上海郊区村镇生活垃圾收运情况、分类收集模式及配套设施情况;对村镇环卫设施的设置提出建议:郊区中镇区垃圾收集点(站)的设置类型及指标要求应当基本与市区一致;村庄中新型居民新村收集设施的设置基本与镇区一致,垃圾房建设标准略高于镇区居民小区垃圾房;传统型村庄垃圾收集设施与综合型的设置指标比较接近。     

武汉酒店首现环保“垃圾房”

新世界酒店投资30余万元建成武汉首座环保"垃圾房",环保"垃圾房"的功能有垃圾桶洗淋浴、废纸箱自动"瘦身"、餐厨垃圾睡冷库。每天可轻松处理2～3t垃圾,不产生污染。     

青岛垃圾收运方式实现重大变革袋装化有偿收集生活垃圾

青岛市积极探索改革城市生活垃圾收集清运方式，经过5年的摸索实践，终于实现了历史性变革。截至去年底，全市居民生活垃圾全部实行袋装化和登门到户（院）有偿收集，沿街摆放的4700多个垃圾圾方辆被全部撤除。多年来，青岛市一直沿用”垃圾方箱──叉车——自卸年”三位一体的垃圾收运方式。随着社会进步和文明程度的提高。这种方式已不能适应城市现代化建设和环境卫生管理的客观要求。为此，青岛市自1992年开始就抓紧酝酿改革垃圾收运方式。他们在对兄弟城市进行考察和借鉴国外某些做法的基础上，经过认真探讨研究，逐步形成厂改革的思路…     

青岛市城市生活垃圾处理技术的研究与实践

本文以青岛市城市生活垃圾的研究及垃圾处理工程的建设为主线，详细论述了青岛市在研究和选择适合青岛实情、满足城市发展需要的垃圾处理方式以及大型垃圾转运、处理工程建设的主要历程；介绍了近几年青岛市环卫科研所围绕垃圾及处理工程所做的科研工作。文中提出了在垃圾处理场的规划和建设方面可供参考的经验和建议。     

广州萝岗14个社区通过垃圾分类验收

顶着垃圾增长压力，广州市萝岗区在2012年建成区依然实现垃圾减量3％的目标。2013年初广州下达任务完成19个社区垃圾分类验收评价，萝岗区现已有14个社区达标，占广州市下达目标的73％，预计2013年11月中旬100％完成广州市下达任务。     

巩固除四害达标成果技术措施探讨

扬州市区自1990年起开展除四害达标活动，经过6年的不懈努力，灭鼠、灭蚊、灭蝇、灭蟑工作成效显著，先后通过省爱卫会专家级的考核验收，成为除四害先进城区。为巩固达标成果，采取如下技术措施：1环境综合防制1．1加强设施建设财政确保每年按比例地提高对环卫设施建设的投入，结合老城区改造，加大改建、新建垃圾箱、垃圾中转站、果壳箱、厕所及污水、污物无害化处理等卫生设施的力度，为有效地控制卫生害虫的滋生提供设施保证；新建办公、住宅的卫生设施一步到位。1．2加强垃圾袋装化管理市区全面实行垃圾袋装化管理，定时、定人上门收集…     

生活垃圾大分流、小分类系统的构想

1 引言 上海从上世纪80年代中期推行垃圾袋装化收集开始，就有了垃圾分类的萌芽；1995年起，开始了垃圾分类的探索；2000年，垃圾分类纳入上海市环境保护三年行动计划，标志着垃圾分类工作正式进入政府推进层面。几年来，在生活垃圾分类方式，分类收集、分类运输、分类处置系统建设，垃圾分类社会宣传，垃圾分类绩效评估等方面进行了积极的探索，取得了一定的进展。但是，垃圾分类促进垃圾减量化、资源化和无害化的效果并没有得到明显的体现。2006年的统计数据表明，从进入环卫系统的垃圾中分类的各种具有市场回收价值的废旧物资不过16万吨左右，占上海2006年生活垃圾清运量还不到3％。     

SPF级实验动物房的建设及其管理

目的探讨SPF(specific pathogen free无特定病原体)级实验动物房在健康相关产品检测实验室中的建设和管理办法。方法依照《中华人民共和国实验动物管理条例》和《广东省实验动物管理办法》的要求,对SPF级动物房进行设计和建设,并制定了一系列的管理措施。结果通过科学的设计建设和严格的管理,该SPF级动物房的环境条件均符合国家有关标准,经广东省实验动物监测所验收合格,该动物房取得了《实验动物使用许可证》。结论只有通过科学的设计建设和严格的管理,才能保证SPF级动物房的正常运行。     

密封垃圾车接污装置的设计与研究

在垃圾收运过程中，垃圾污水沿途洒漏问题不容忽视。通过对大连市 密封垃圾车接污染置设计原理及使用功能的论述，阐明了接污染置的研究在实际垃圾收运经当中所起到的重要作用。     

Environmental and health impacts of household solid waste handling and disposal practices in third world cities: the case of the Accra Metropolitan Area, Ghana

Inadequate provision of solid waste management facilities in Third World cities results in indiscriminate disposal and unsanitary environments, which threatens the health of urban residents. The study reported here examined household-level waste management and disposal practices in the Accra Metropolitan Area, Ghana. The residents of Accra currently generate large amounts of solid waste, beyond the management capabilities of the existing waste management system. Because the solid waste infrastructure is inadequate, over 80 percent of the population do not have home collection services. Only 13.5 percent of respondents are served with door-to-door collection of solid waste, while the rest dispose of their waste at communal collection points, in open spaces, and in waterways. The majority of households store their waste in open containers and plastic bags in the home. Waste storage in the home is associated with the presence of houseflies in the kitchen (r = .17, p < .0001). The presence of houseflies in the kitchen during cooking is correlated with the incidence of childhood diarrhea (r = .36, p < .0001). Inadequate solid waste facilities result in indiscriminate burning and burying of solid waste. There is an association between waste burning and the incidence of respiratory health symptoms among adults (r = .25, p < .0001) and children (r = .22, p < .05). Poor handling and disposal of waste are major causes of environmental pollution, which creates breeding grounds for pathogenic organisms, and the spread of infectious diseases. Improving access to solid waste collection facilities and services will help achieve sound environmental health in Accra.     

北京市垃圾分类收集系统浅谈

阐述了垃圾分类收集的目的和分类方法，着重对北京市垃圾分类收集存在的问题和解决问题的办法进行了探讨。     

桂林市实行垃圾分类收集社会调查的结果及分析

对桂林市居民进行了一次社会问卷调查,主要内容包括：民居的环境保护意识,对垃圾的收集方式、转运和处置的要求,被调查人的基本情况,其中居民对于增圾分类收集的看法为此次调查的重点内容,并对调查结果进行了分析。     

Association between household solid waste disposal and health, Belo Horizonte (MG), Brasil]

There are few published studies about the effects of inadequate solid waste collection on the health of the population exposed to this situation. The objective of the present work was to describe this association in a sample of children under 5 years of age living in seven low-income neighborhoods and favelas in the city of Belo Horizonte, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. We defined as "exposed" those children whose families were not served by waste collection; "not-exposed" were children who lived in areas with waste collection. The study employed data collected in 1994 and organized as a database by the municipal department of health. We employed a cross-sectional design, in which a "case" was defined as a child whose outpatient clinic record indicated a diagnosis of diarrheal, parasitic, or dermatological disease. Other diagnoses for the same age group composed the control group. Our epidemiological study revealed an association between the absence of domestic solid waste collection and public health. Our results suggest that the children exposed to the absence of solid waste collection have a 40% higher odds (OR = 1.40) of presenting diarrheal, parasitic, and dermatological diseases than not-exposed children. In addition, the calculation of attributable risk revealed that the presence of waste collection could prevent (based on the 1995 situation) 512 cases in the neighborhoods studied and (based on the 1994 conditions) 2316 cases among children in the entire city of Belo Horizonte.     

Household solid waste bagging and collection and their health implications for children living in outlying urban settlements in Salvador, Bahia State, Brazil

This paper presents a study on the bagging and collection of household solid waste and the health implications for children. The research was conducted in nine human settlements on the outskirts of Salvador, Bahia State, Brazil. Intestinal nematode infection, predominantly involving Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, and hookworms, was used as an epidemiological indicator in 1,893 children from 5 to 14 years of age. The study also included diarrhea incidence and nutritional status as shown by anthropometric indicators in 1,204 children less than 5 years of age. There was a higher prevalence of the three nematodes in children living in households without proper bagging/isolation and collection of household solid waste as compared to those in areas with regular garbage collection and adequate isolation of solid waste. The differences were statistically significant when other socioeconomic, cultural, demographic, and environmental risks factors were considered in the analysis. Similar results were also observed for epidemiological indicators, diarrhea incidence, and nutritional status.     

济南市城市生活垃圾综合治理对策的探讨

通过对国内外和济南市城市生活垃圾收运处置现状的调查研究分析，提出济南市城市生活垃圾综合治理对策，首先建立与市场经济相适应的管理体系，其次将垃圾治理的重点从最终处理转移至垃圾源头治理，实施垃圾分类收集，再次推进垃圾处理产业化进程，制定并实施垃圾处理的收费政策和有关的经济技术政策。     

A village-sclae trial with dichlorvos as a residual fumigant insecticide in southern Nigeria

Hut and village-scale trials with solid and liquid-type dichlorvos dispensers were carried out in 1961 in the vicinity of Lagos, Nigeria, by the WHO Insecticide Testing Unit. Bioassay results indicated that with a single application satisfactory mortalities of caged mosquitos could be obtained for a period of 12-13 weeks in mud-walled huts, whether with galvanized corrugated-iron roofs or with thatched roofs. Chemical analysis of air samples showed that satisfactory concentrations of dichlorvos vapour were maintained throughout the huts for about 12 weeks, after which time sublethal concentrations were observed first near the floors of the dwellings. No depression in blood or plasma cholinesterase was noted in the exposed inhabitants     

Characterization of the solid waste stream of the Tohono O'odham nation

The Tohono O'odham Nation's Solid Waste Management Program (SWMP) and the Sonora Environmental Research Institute, Inc. (SERI) completed a waste characterization study for the Tohono O'odham Nation (the Nation) to aid in the development of an effective waste management plan. The Nation has recently switched from open dumping and burning of waste to collection in dumpsters and transportation to regulated landfills. The study indicated that members of the Nation produce approximately one-third of the average amount of municipal solid waste produced per person per day in the United States. Far fewer hazardous materials and yard trimmings are found in the waste stream than is the U.S. average. Source reduction options are limited because much of the residential waste comes from packaging materials. Recycling opportunities exist but are hampered by the long distance to markets, which forces the Nation to look at innovative ways of utilizing materials on site. An education program focusing on the traditional O'odham lifestyle has been implemented to help reduce solid waste generation while improving people's health and the environment.     

废弃物处理——一个刻不容缓的问题

介绍了香港环保署通过１０年努力的完整的固体废弃物收运，处理及处置系统，以及他们为实现废弃物减量化和资源化所采取的策略与行动。由此提出上海浦东新区在固体废弃物管理和环卫设施建设上应加强关注；逐步按规划实施；采用多种形式设计，建造，营运环卫设施以及开展全方位宣传教育活动的建议。