T9椎体旁化学感受器瘤1例

患者,男,45岁,甘肃籍。因胸背部疼痛5个月,双下肢功能障碍3d入院。患者在入院5个月前轻微劳动时感胸腰背部疼痛,无固定痛点,经口服止痛药、针灸、按摩等对症治疗后效果不佳,胸背部疼痛以夜间为重。4个月前出现右膝及右小腿麻木、乏力,不能奔跑,只能缓慢行走。以后症状逐渐加重,皮肤麻木平面上移,左下肢也出现麻木、乏力症状。     

椎管内非霍奇金淋巴瘤误诊为硬膜外血肿1例

正患者,男,21岁,以"外伤后胸背部疼痛、双下肢瘫痪1月余"为主诉入院。患者于1个月前溜冰时摔倒致伤,当时感胸背部疼痛,未做任何检查,在家休养,外敷膏药治疗,于2周前开始出现双下肢无力、行走不稳,在当地诊所输液治疗(用药不详),3 d前双下肢无力症状加重、无法下地行走,于12 h前出现大小便功能障碍,遂由家人急诊送至我院。胸椎CT提示"T3椎体形态改变、T3椎体骨质不连续"。患者平素无发热、消     

胸椎包虫病1例报告

患者女性,45岁,因"胸背部疼痛3年,伴双下肢感觉运动障碍9个月"于2008年1月收住院.患者3年前无明显诱因出现胸背部疼痛,近9个月来疼痛加重,并出现双下肢疼痛、麻木、无力,易摔跤,并有遗尿现象.     

胸椎椎管内支气管源性囊肿一例报告

患者男,20岁.因胸背部疼痛15 d,双下肢截瘫并大小便失禁5 d入院.患者丁15 d前无明显诱因出现胸背部疼痛,伴紧缩感.对症治疗无效且病情逐渐进展,发病10 d后突然出现乳头以下麻木、双下肢无力、行止网难及大小便失禁. 入院查体:T1～3棘突压痛、叩击痛.自乳头平面以下痛温觉减退.双下肢肌力0级,肛门括约肌肌力0级.舣膝腱反射(++++),双踝反射(++++),双侧髌阵挛(+)、踝阵挛(+),双侧Barbinski征(+),肌张力高.ASIA分级B级,JOA评分5分.X线片及CT扫描示T3～6多发半脊椎、蝴蝶椎畸形.     

椎管内髓外硬膜下黑色素性神经鞘瘤1例报告

<正>黑色素性神经鞘瘤(melanotic schwannoma,MS)临床罕见,仅占所有黑色素瘤的1%,多数为良性或潜在恶性,青壮年多见,好发于脊神经后根和交感神经节,我们收治1例胸椎髓外硬膜下黑色素性神经鞘瘤,手术治疗效果满意,报告如下。患者男,47岁。胸背部疼痛1年,双下肢麻木无力20d,加重伴大小便潴留4d于2012年1月3日入院。患者1年前出现胸背部疼痛,以胆囊炎治疗,胸背部疼痛略有     

脱垂游离伴硬膜内型腰椎间盘突出症一例报告

患者，男，44岁，工人。因腰痛伴双下肢疼痛、麻木10年，加重伴大，大小便失禁20d入院。患者腰痛伴双下肢麻木、双足麻木10余年，入院前20d在半卧位打喷嚏后，出现在下肢放射性疼痛，伴双下肢无力，不能行走，双侧足底及足背感觉消失，并出现大小便失禁。[第一段]     

自发性硬膜外出血并不全瘫一例

1临床资料 1．1一般资料 患者女性，54岁。因双下肢疼痛麻木活动障碍3d而入院，3d前无明显诱因情况下突然出现双下肢疼痛，肌注止痛药物后疼痛未缓解，3h后出现双下肢逐渐麻木，活动障碍，小便偶有失禁。MRI示L2～S1椎管内硬膜外占位。患者有高血压糖尿病病史，近期无麻醉及硬膜外封闭史。     

以脊髓压迫症为首发症状的恶性胸腺瘤1例报告

患者男，48岁。因胸背部痛20d，双下肢麻木无力15d入院。入院前20d无诱因出现胸背部痛，15d前出现双下肢麻木无力，由近端向远端发展，进行性加重，伴二便障碍。查体：消瘦，浅表淋巴结未们及，心、肺未见异常。T4～T5棘突有压痛，T7以下浅感觉、腹壁反射及提睾反射均消失，双下肢肌张力低，肌力为0级，双膝健反射消失。双上肢正常。胸椎MRI示T4～T5水平脊髓外、硬膜内外肿块，压迫脊髓向前及向右移位，相当于T4～T5左侧椎间孔位置椎管内肿块向左侧伸出，紧贴椎体至T10水平。肿块外缘呈分叶状，增强无强化。考虑为T4～T5水平椎管内髓…     

钙化性腰椎间盘突出症致瘫痪一例

患者女,72岁,因腰痛2月余,双下肢麻木无力16ｄ入院治疗。入院前2个月因扭伤腰部致双侧臀部疼痛、腰痛。为持续性疼痛,但能行走,仍能坚持日常劳作,大小便正常。2周后出现右下肢麻木乏力,3周后左下肢亦出现麻木疼痛乏力,呈进行性加重。逐渐向上延伸至脐部。在我院理疗科行当归注射治疗无效。入院前16ｄ双下肢不能自主活动、站立和行走,伴大小便困难。查体:双下肢驰缓性瘫痪,脊柱无畸形,Ｌ4,5、Ｌ5Ｓ1椎旁有压痛、放射痛。双下肢肌张力减低,右下肢腹股沟以下、左下肢膝以下痛温觉消失。左下肢小腿部肌力(伸屈肌)0级,股四头肌力Ⅲ级。右下肢肌力…     

CT引导下同轴穿刺活检确诊骶骨淋巴瘤1例并文献复习

正1病例报告患者,女,72岁。主因右侧臀部疼痛,大小便障碍1周于2015年9月入院。患者于入院1周前无明显诱因出现右侧臀部疼痛,不向双下肢放散,为钝痛。后疼痛渐加重,持续时间渐长。同时伴有轻度大、小便障碍及右侧会阴区麻木,不伴双下肢麻木、无力。门诊以"马尾圆锥综合征性质待定"收入我院神经内科。入院后行骶骨CT、MRI发现:右侧骶骨占     

Vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction during major abdominal surgery

Background : We investigated the vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction (MT) with hypotension due to prostacyclin (PGI₂) release in patients undergoing abdominal surgery with a combined general and epidural anesthesia. Methods : In a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study we administered 400 mg ibuprofen (i.v.) in 42 patients scheduled for abdominal surgery. General anesthesia was combined with epidural anesthesia (T4-L1). Before as well as 5, 15, 30, 45, and 90 min after MT we recorded plasma osmolality, hemodynamics and measured 6-keto-PGFlα (stabile metabolite of PGI₂), TXB₂ (stabile metabolite of thromboxane A₂) active renin, and arginine vasopressin (AVP) plasma concentrations by radioimmunoassay. Catecholamine levels were assessed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection. Results : Following MT, arterial hypotension occurred along with a substantial PGI₂ release. This was completely abolished by ibuprofen administration. Although plasma levels of 6-keto-PGF_1α (1133 (708) vs. 60 (3) ng/L, median (median absolute deviation), P=0.0001, placebo vs. ibuprofen) remained significantly elevated, blood pressure was restored within 30 min after MT in the placebo group. At the same point in time plasma concentrations of TXB² (164 (87) vs. 58 (1) ng/L, P=0.0001), epinephrine (46 (33) vs. 14 (6) ng/L, P=0.001), AVP (41 ± (18) vs. 12 (7) ng/L, P=0.0004), and active renin (27 (12) vs. 12 (4) ng/L, P = 0.001) were significantly higher in placebo-treated patients. Conclusion : Under combined general and epidural anesthesia arterial hypotension following MT due to endogenous PGI₂ release is associated with enhanced release of AVP, active renin, epinephrine and thromboxane A₂, presumably contributing to hemodynamic stability within 30 min after MT.     

A Teaspoon Pump for Pumping Blood with High Hydraulic Efficiency and Low Hemolysis Potential

Abstract: Virtually all blood pumps contain some kind of rubbing, sliding, closely moving machinery surfaces that are exposed to the blood being pumped. These valves, internal bearings, magnetic bearing position sensors, and shaft seals cause most of the problems with blood pumps. The original teaspoon pump design prevented the rubbing, sliding machinery surfaces from contacting the blood. However, the hydraulic efficiency was low because the blood was able to "slip around" the rotating impeller so that the blood itself never rotated fast enough to develop adequate pressure. An improved teaspoon blood pump has been designed and tested and has shown acceptable hydraulic performance and low hemolysis potential. The new pump uses a nonrotating "swinging" hose as the pump impeller. The fluid enters the pump through the center of the swinging hose; therefore, there can be no fluid slip between the revolving blood and the revolving impeller. The new pump uses an impeller that is comparable to a flexible garden hose. If the free end of the hose were swung around in a circle like half of a jump rope, the fluid inside the hose would rotate and develop pressure even though the hose impeller itself did not "rotate"; therefore, no rotating shaft seal or internal bearings are required.     

A comparison of the inhibitory effects of four volatile anaesthetics on the metabolism of chlorzoxazone, a substrate for CYP2E1, in rabbits

Background: Halothane inhibits in vitro and in vivo activity of cytochrome P-450 (CYP) 2E1. There are several fluorinated volatile anaesthetics besides halothane, and most of them are defluorinated by CYP2E1. It is unclear whether other fluorinated anaesthetics inhibit the in vivo activity of CYP2E1.
Methods: We compared the inhibitory effects of therapeutic concentrations of four inhalational anaesthetics, halothane, enflurane, isoflurane, and sevoflurane, on chlorzoxazone metabolism in rabbits receiving artificial ventilation.
Results: All four inhalational anaesthetics decreased arterial blood pressure and increased plasma chlorzoxazone concentration. However, no significant differences in the plasma chlorzoxazone concentration were found between the four anaesthetics. The estimated chlorzoxazone clearance increased after beginning inhalation with all four agents, but no significant difference in clearance was noted between agents.
Conclusions: At therapeutic concentrations, the in vivo inhibitory effect on chlorzoxazone metabolism was similar for all four inhalational anaesthetics examined, even though their chemical characteristics and extent of hepatic metabolism differ considerably.     

Microspheres Based Detoxification System: A New Method in Convective Blood Purification

Abstract: A variety of protein-bound or hydrophobic substances, accumulating as a result of pathologic conditions such as exogenous or endogenous intoxications, are removed poorly by conventional detoxification methods because of low accessibility (hemodialysis), insufficient adsorption capabilities (hemosorption), low efficiency (peritoneal dialysis), or economic limitations (high-volume plasmapheresis). Combining advantages of existing methods with microspheric technology, a module-based system was designed. Major operating parameters of the latter can be modified to allow for adjustment to individual clinical situations. An extracorporeal blood circuit including a plasmafilter is combined with a secondary high-velocity plasma circuit driven by a centrifugal pump. Different microspheric adsorbers can be combined in one circuit or applied in sequence. Thus, a prolonged treatment can be tailored using specially designed selective adsorber materials. Comparing this system with existing methods (high-flux hemodialysis, molecular adsorbent recycling system), results from our in vitro studies and animal experiments demonstrate the superior efficiency of substance removal.     

Tissue perfusion in relation to cardiac output during continuous positive-pressure ventilation and administration of propranolol or verapamil

Background : Our objective was to determine whether administration of propranolol or verapamil modifies the hemodynamic adaptation to continuous positive-pressure ventilation (CPPV), in particular the regional distribution of cardiac output (CO).
Methods : General hemodynamics and regional blood flows assessed by microsphere technique (15 (μm) were recorded in 16 anesthetized pigs during spontaneous breathing (SB) and CPPV with 8 cm H₂O end-expiratory pressure (CPPV8) before and after intravenous administration of propranolol (0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.15 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8) or verapamil (0.1 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8).
Results : CPPV8 depressed CO by 25% without shifts in its relative distribution with the exception of a noteworthy increase in adrenal perfusion. Propranolol increased arterial blood pressure, and due to a fall in heart rate, CO dropped by 25%. The kidneys and, to a lesser extent, the splanchic region and central nervous system received increased fractions of the remaining CO at the expense of skeletal muscle flow. Similar patterns were seen during SB and CPPV8 such that the combination of propranolol and CPPV8 depressed CO by 50%. The circulatory effects of verapamil were less evident but myocardial perfusion tended to increase.
Conclusions : The combination of propranolol or verapamil with CPPV does not result in any specific hemodynamic interaction in anesthetized pigs, except that the combined effect of propranolol and CPPV may severely reduce CO.     

Bariatric Surgery in Some "Central and East-European (former Eastern bloc)"Countries - Current Status and Prediction for the Next Millennium

Background: Obesity is increasing globallly, including in the formerly "Eastern Bloc" countries. Methods: A survey was made of obesity and bariatric surgery. Results: In the 8 East and Central European countries studied, with total population 300 million, roughly 43% of the population was overweight (BMI 25-30), 23% obese (BMI > 30), with about 15 million people morbidly obese (BMI > 40). From 0-10 morbidly obese individuals/100,000/year undergo bariatric surgery. Conclusion: Most countries were found to provide inadequate treatment for obesity.The majority of the morbidly obese are not treated effectively. However, health-care awareness of obesity and bariatric surgeons are slowly increasing.     

Volatile anaesthetics reduce adhesion of blood platelets under low-flow conditions in the coronary system of isolated guinea pig hearts

Background : Inhibitory effects of volatile anaesthetics on platelet aggregation have been demonstrated in several studies. However, the influence of volatile anaesthetics on intracoronary platelet adhesion has not been elucidated so far.
Methods : Isolated hearts of guinea pigs were perfused with buffer in the absence or presence of volatile anaesthetics (0.5 and 1 MAC) at constant coronary flow rates of 5 ml/min for 25 min, then 1 ml/min for 30 min and again 5 ml/min for 10 min. Before, during and after low-flow perfusion, a bolus of human platelets was applied into the coronary system. To simulate thrombogenic conditions, 0.3 U/ml human thrombin was infused during low-flow perfusion and reperfusion. The number of platelets sequestered to the endothelium was calculated from the difference between coronary in- and output of platelets. The myocardial production of lactate and consumption of pyruvate and coronary perfusion pressure were also determined.
Results : At a flow rate of 5 ml/min only about 3% of the applied platelets did not emerge from the coronary system, in any group. In contrast, 13.1±1.2% (mean±SEM) of infused platelets became adherent in low-flow perfusion in the control group without anaesthetic. The adherence was reduced with each 1 MAC isoflurane (to 6.2±1.2%), sevoflurane (to 4.4±0.9%) or halothane (to 3.2±1.5%) (each P <0.05 vs. control). Volatile anaesthetic, 0.5 MAC, did not inhibit platelet adhesion to a statistically significant extent in any case. Perfusion pressure and metabolic parameters were not statistically different between the control and the hearts exposed to anaesthetics.
Conclusion : Volatile anaesthetics in a concentration of 1 MAC can reduce the adhesion of platelets in the coronary system under reduced flow conditions. This action does not arise from vasodilation or inhibition of ischaemic stress.     

Synergistic interaction between the effects of propofol and midazolam with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity in rabbits

Background: It has been shown that the depressive effects of both propofol and midazolam on consciousness are synergistic with opioids, but the nature of their interactions on other physiological systems, e. g. respiration, has not been fully investigated. The present study examined the effect of propofol and midazolam alone and in combination with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity (PNA) and whether such interactions are additive or synergistic. Methods: PNA was recorded in 27 anaesthetised and artificially ventilated rabbits. In three groups, propofol, fentanyl and midazolam were administered intravenously in incremental doses to construct dose-response curves for the depressant effects of each one on PNA. In another two groups, the effect of pretreatment with either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. on the effects of propofol and fentanyl respectively on PNA were studied. Results: Propofol and fentanyl caused a dose-dependent depression of PNA with complete abolition at the highest total doses of 16 mg · kg^?1 i. v. and 32 μg · kg^?1 i. v., respectively. In contrast, midazolam in incremental doses to a total of 0.8 mg · kg^?1 reduced mean PNA by 63%, but approximately 12% of PNA remained at a total dose as high as 6.4 mg · kg^?1. The mean ED₅₀s, calculated from dose-response curves, were 5.4 mg · kg^?1, 3.9 μg · kg^?1 and 0.4 mg · kg^?1 for propofol, fentanyl and midazolam, respectively. Initial doses of either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. acted synergistically with subsequent doses of either propofol or fentanyl to abolish PNA at total doses of 8 mg · kg^?1 and 8 μg · kg^?1, respectively. Conclusion: Fentanyl has a synergistic interaction with both propofol and midazolam on PNA and hence potentially on respiration.     

Influence of dopexamine hydrochloride on haemodynamics and regulators of circulation in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery

Background: Catecholaminergic support is often used to improve haemodynamics in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. Dopexamine is a synthetic vasoactive catecholamine with beneficial microcirculatory properties. Methods: The influence of perioperative administration of dopexamine on cardiorespiratory data and important regulators of macro- and microcirculation were studied in 30 patients undergoing Whipple pancreaticduodenectomy. The patients received randomized and blinded either 2 μg · kg^?1 · min^?1 of dopexamine (n=15) or placebo (n=15, control group). The infusion was started after induction of anaesthesia and continued until the morning of the first postoperative day. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), vasopressin, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and catecholamine plasma levels were measured from arterial blood samples. Measurements were carried out after induction of anaesthesia, 2 h after onset of surgery, at the end of surgery, 2 h after surgery, and on the morning of the first postoperative day. Results: Cardiac index (CI) increased significantly in the dopexamine group (from 2.61±0.41 to 4.57±0.78 1 · min^?1 · m^?2) and remained elevated until the morning of the first postoperative day. Oxygen delivery index (DO₂I) and oxygen consumption index (VO₂I) were also significantly increased in the dopexamine group (DO₂I: from 416±91 to 717±110 ml/m² · m²; VO₂I: from 98±25 to 157±22 ml/m² · m²), being significantly higher than in the control group. pHi remained stable only in the dopexamine patients, indicating adequate splanchnic perfusion. Vasopressive regulators of circulation increased significantly only in the untreated control patients (vasopressin: from 4.37±1.1 to 35.9±12.1 pg/ml; ET-1: from 2.88±0.91 to 6.91±1.20 pg/ml). Conclusion: Patients undergoing major abdominal surgery may profit from prophylactic perioperative administration of dopexamine hydrochloride in the form of improved haemodynamics and oxygenation as well as beneficial influence on important regulators of organ blood flow.     

Systemic analgesia adapted to the children's condition

A concept of balanced analgesia using nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), paracetamol (acetaminophen), opioids, and corticosteroids can also be used in patients with pre-existing illnesses. NSAIDs are the most effective treatment for acute pain of moderate intensity in children; however, these drugs should be avoided in patients at increased risk for serious side effects, e.g. patients with renal impairment, bleeding tendency, or extreme prematurity. NSAIDs can be given with minimal risks to the younger child with mild to moderate asthma, and, in these patients, the use of steroids can be encouraged; in addition to their antiemetic and analgesic action, a beneficial effect on asthma symptoms can be expected. In the non-intubated child with cerebral trauma, exaggerated sedation caused by opioids and increased bleeding tendency caused by NSAIDs must be avoided. In neonates and small infants, the oral administration of sucrose or glucose is helpful to minimize pain reaction during short uncomfortable interventions.