多层感知器模型预测纯磨玻璃结节肺腺癌浸润程度

目的 利用CT数据建立预测纯磨玻璃结节（pGGN）肺腺癌浸润程度的多层感知器（MLP）模型，并验证其诊断效能。方法 收集2015年1月—2018年10月393例接受手术治疗并经术后病理证实为肺腺癌或不典型腺瘤样增生（AAH）的pGGN患者（共442枚pGGN）作为训练集，建立MLP模型和二元Logistic回归模型。以2019年6月―8月89例接受手术治疗的pGGN患者（共100枚pGGN）作为验证集，利用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线下面积（AUC）及模型预测准确率、敏感度及特异度评估其效能。结果 二元Logistic回归模型验证集的AUC、预测准确率、敏感度及特异度分别为0.799、0.820、0.683及0.915，而MLP模型验证集分别为0.869、0.880、0.805及0.932，MLP模型较二元Logistic回归模型绝对净重新分类改善指数（NRI）为6%（Z=3.473、P=0.001）。结论 所建MLP模型对预测表现为pGGN的肺腺癌中的IA具有较高准确率。     

基于前列腺影像报告和数据系统第2版的机器学习模型诊断高级别前列腺癌

目的 建立基于前列腺影像报告和数据系统第2版（PI-RADS v2）的支持向量机（SVM）、决策树（DT）和Logistic回归3种机器学习模型,评价上述模型对高级别前列腺癌的诊断价值。方法 回顾性分析于我院接受前列腺多参数MR扫描并取得病理结果的194例患者的资料,其中高级别癌63例,非高级别癌131例。将评价因素（PI-RADS v2评分、年龄、游离前列腺特异抗原、前列腺特异性抗原比值、前列腺特异抗原密度）录入SVM、DT和Logistic回归3种机器学习模型进行诊断,通过ROC曲线评价PI-RADS v2评分和3种机器学习模型诊断高级别前列腺癌的价值。结果 PI-RADS v2、SVM、DT和Logistic回归模型诊断高级别前列腺癌的敏感度分别为72.73%、69.09%、87.27%和70.91%;特异度分别为87.29%、93.22%、93.22%和95.76%。DT模型诊断高级别前列腺癌ROC的AUC（AUC=0.90,P<0.01）最大,且与PI-RADS v2评分、SVM、Logistic回归比较差异均有统计学意义（P均<0.05）。结论 PI-RADS v2评分、SVM、DT和Logistic回归模型诊断高级别前列腺癌的价值均较好。     

基于声像图特点及人口学特征建立模型预测乳腺影像报告和数据系统分级

目的 探讨基于声像图特点及人口学特征的Logistic回归模型预测乳腺影像报告和数据系统（BI-RADS）分级的价值。方法 回顾性分析5 324名女性体检者乳腺超声及人口学资料,采用多因素Logistic回归分析分别建立基于乳腺声像图特点的模型1及基于乳腺声像图特点和人口学特征的模型2,以ROC曲线分析2种模型对BI-RADS ≥ 4a级乳腺病变的预测效能。结果 超声示5 019名（5 019/5 324,94.27%）BI-RADS分级≤ 3级,305名（305/5 324,5.73%）存在BI-RADS分级≥ 4a级乳腺病变。结节数量、形态、回声、血流信号、年龄和体质量指数（BMI）是BI-RADS ≥ 4a级的独立预测因子（P均<0.05）。基于结节数量、形态、回声和血流信号构建回归模型1,其诊断BI-RADS ≥ 4a级的AUC为0.821（P<0.05）,特异度90.58%,敏感度61.25%,准确率88.13%。基于结节数量、形态、回声、血流信号、年龄和BMI构建回归模型2,其AUC为0.874（P<0.05）,特异度93.69%,敏感度68.75%,准确率91.80%。结论 基于声像图特点及人口学特征的模型对BI-RADS分级有一定预测价值。     

MR Dixon技术定量分析胰腺脂肪沉积及其对2型糖尿病的影响

目的 应用MR Dixon技术定量胰腺脂肪沉积，观察胰腺脂肪含量对2型糖尿病（T2DM）的影响。方法 对118例T2DM患者（T2DM组）及39名健康志愿者（NC组）采集腹部MR Dixon序列图像，获得胰头、胰颈、胰体、胰尾脂肪分数、胰腺平均脂肪分数、腹壁皮下脂肪面积（SA）及腹腔内脏脂肪面积（VA），计算腹部总脂肪面积（TA）。以体质量指数（BMI）≥25 kg/m²为肥胖标准，根据是否肥胖将2组细分为NT2DM亚组、OT2DM亚组和NNC亚组、ONC亚组，比较各参数差异。结果 NT2DM亚组64例，OT2DM亚组54例；NNC亚组28名，ONC亚组11名。NT2DM亚组胰腺平均脂肪分数、胰体脂肪分数、胰尾脂肪分数、VA均高于NNC亚组（P均<0.05）。OT2DM亚组胰腺平均脂肪分数、胰头脂肪分数、VA均高于ONC亚组（P均<0.05）。OT2DM亚组胰腺平均脂肪分数、胰体脂肪分数、胰尾脂肪分数、SA、VA及TA均高于NT2DM亚组（P均<0.05）。对非肥胖者，空腹血糖（FBG）、甘油三酯、胰体脂肪分数、胰尾脂肪分数、胰腺平均脂肪分数及VA均为T2DM的危险因素（P均<0.05）；而对于肥胖者，FBG、VA为T2DM的危险因素（P均<0.05）。结论 MR Dixon技术可用于无创测量胰腺脂肪含量；无论是否肥胖，胰腺脂肪沉积均为发生T2DM的危险因素。     

放射状重建3.0T MR髋臼唇三维稳态双回波图像诊断髋臼唇损伤

目的 评估放射状重建3.0T MR髋臼唇三维稳态双回波（3D-DESS）图像诊断髋臼唇损伤的价值。方法 收集47例于1个月内接受3.0T MR 3D-DESS检查及关节镜检查的股骨髋臼撞击综合征（FAI）患者,对3D-DESS图像进行放射状重建显示髋臼唇。由2名影像科医师评估髋臼唇的前侧、外上侧及后侧区,观察医师间及医师内评估结果的一致性。以关节镜结果为金标准,评价放射状重建3D-DESS图像诊断髋臼唇撕裂的敏感度、特异度、准确率、阳性预测值和阴性预测值。结果 医师间（Kappa=0.89）及医师内（Kappa=0.93）MRI评估结果的一致性较好（P均<0.05）。2名医师诊断髋臼唇撕裂的敏感度、特异度、准确率、阳性预测值及阴性预测值分别为95.31%、93.50%、94.32%、92.42%及96.00%和98.43%、90.90%、94.32%、90.00%及98.59%,与关节镜结果的一致性均较好（Kappa均=0.89,P均<0.05）。结论 放射状重建3.0T MR髋臼唇3D-DESS图像诊断髋臼唇损伤的效能与关节镜检查相当。     

MRI诊断病理性髌内侧滑膜皱襞

目的 探讨MRI对病理性髌内侧滑膜皱襞（MPP）的诊断价值。方法 回顾性分析经关节镜证实的21例病理性MPP患者和22例MPP正常者的MRI,观察矢状位质子密度-T2W （PD-T2W）、矢状位脂肪抑制PD-T2W （PD-T2WI-FS）和轴位T2^*-GRE序列MPP表现。以关节镜结果为标准,计算各序列诊断病理性MPP的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值（PPV）和阴性预测值（NPV）,并分析其与关节镜诊断的一致性。结果 矢状位PD-T2W序列诊断病理性MPP的敏感度为100%（21/21）,特异度为63.63%（14/22）,PPV为72.41%（21/29）,NPV为100%（14/14）;矢状位脂肪抑制PD-T2W （PD-T2WI-FS）诊断病理性MPP的敏感度为85.71%（18/21）,特异度为68.19%（15/22）,PPV为72.00%（18/25）,NPV为83.33%（15/18）;其诊断结果与关节镜结果的一致性好（Kappa=0.81、0.77）。轴位T2^*-GRE序列与关节镜诊断的一致性较好（Kappa=0.72）。结论 MRI对诊断病理性MPP有重要价值,选择适当检查序列是显示MPP的关键。     

乳腺MRI特征及ADC值预测乳腺影像报告和数据系统4类良恶性病变

目的 探讨乳腺MRI特征及ADC值对乳腺影像报告和数据系统（BI-RADS）4类良恶性病变的预测能力，并尝试建立Logistic回归预测模型。方法 收集MRI诊断为BI-RADS 4类病变、并取得病理结果的79例乳腺病变患者（82个病变）。采用单因素二元Logistic回归及两独立样本t检验分析各MRI特征和ADC值鉴别良恶性乳腺病变的统计学意义，并建立多因素Logistic回归预测模型，绘制ROC曲线评价回归模型预测BI-RADS 4类病变良恶性的效能。结果 肿块型病变中，将边缘、内部强化及ADC值纳入Logistic回归预测模型中（P均<0.05，伪R²=0.62），其诊断良恶性乳腺病变的ROC曲线AUC为0.981，敏感度为87.80%，特异度为100%。非肿块型病变中，无预测变量纳入建立Logistic回归预测模型（P均>0.1）。结论 乳腺MRI特征（边缘、内部强化）及ADC值对预测肿块型BI-RADS 4类病变的良恶性具有一定意义；Logistic回归预测模型可有效鉴别BI-RADS 4类肿块型病变性质。     

CT浆膜高强化征鉴别诊断T3期与T4a期胃癌

目的 探讨CT所示浆膜高强化征鉴别诊断T3期与T4a期胃癌的价值。方法 回顾性分析104例经手术病理证实的胃癌T3期或T4a期患者术前腹部三期增强扫描CT图像,观察并比较各期图像浆膜高强化征的出现率。以出现浆膜高强化征为诊断T4a期的标准,计算浆膜高强化征诊断T4a期胃癌的准确率、敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值和阴性预测值。结果 104例胃癌患者中,T3期34例,T4a期70例。浆膜高强化征判断T4a期胃癌的准确率、敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值及阴性预测值分别为77.88%（81/104）、81.43%（57/70）、70.59%（24/34）、85.07%（57/67）及64.86%（24/37）。T4a期胃癌动脉期、静脉期及实质期浆膜高强化征出现率分别为32.86%（23/70）、75.71%（53/70）、62.86%（44/70）,动脉期与静脉期（P<0.001）、动脉期与实质期（P=0.001）间差异有统计学意义,静脉期与实质期之间差异无统计学意义（P=0.143）。结论 浆膜高强化征诊断胃癌T4a期具有较高准确率、敏感度及特异度,可用于判断胃癌浆膜受侵,推荐在静脉期或实质期观察该征象。     

CT鉴别诊断胃肠胰神经内分泌瘤与伴神经内分泌分化腺癌肝转移

目的 探讨CT鉴别诊断胃肠胰神经内分泌瘤（NETs）肝转移与伴神经内分泌分化腺癌[NED（+）ADCs]肝转移的价值。方法 收集经手术或活检病理证实的胃肠胰NETs肝转移患者23例（NETs组）及NED（+）ADCs肝转移患者17例[NED（+）ADCs组]。对两组CT征象（肝转移灶数目、大小、分布、形态、肝动脉期强化范围、肝动脉期强化程度、增强类型、腹腔积液及淋巴结肿大）的差异进行分析。采用Logistic回归分析确定鉴别诊断的独立影响因素,并计算其敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值和准确率。结果 NETs组肝转移整体强化比例高于NED（+）ADCs组[56.52%（13/23）vs 5.88%（1/17）,χ²=11.02,P<0.01]。NETs组肝转移伴淋巴结肿大比例低于NED（+）ADCs组[30.43%（7/23）vs 64.71%（11/17）,χ²=4.64,P=0.03]。Logistic回归分析结果显示,肝动脉期强化范围是具有鉴别价值的征象（P=0.01）,其诊断敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值和准确率分别为94.12%（16/17）、56.52%（13/23）、61.54%（16/26）、92.86%（13/14）、72.50%（29/40）。结论 增强CT可为NETs与NED（+）ADCs肝转移的鉴别诊断提供有价值的参考信息。     

卵巢-附件报告及数据系统、妇科影像报告与数据系统和简单法则风险预测模型鉴别诊断卵巢良、恶性肿瘤

目的 对比卵巢-附件报告及数据系统（O-RADS）、妇科影像报告与数据系统（GI-RADS）和简单法则风险预测模型（SRRisk）鉴别卵巢良、恶性肿瘤的价值。方法 回顾性分析622例经病理证实的卵巢肿瘤的超声声像图,并分别以O-RADS、GI-RADS及SRRisk进行分类。采用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线观察各方法鉴别卵巢良、恶性肿瘤的效能,比较其曲线下面积（AUC）、敏感度、特异度及准确率差异。结果 622例中,454例良性、168例恶性（包含交界性）卵巢肿瘤。O-RADS、GI-RADS、SRRisk鉴别卵巢良、恶性肿瘤的AUC分别为0.94、0.93及0.93,敏感度分别为93.45%、91.67%及86.91%,特异度分别为88.33%、88.77%及89.87%,准确率分别为89.71%、89.55%及89.07%;其AUC、特异度、准确率相当（P均>0.05）,而O-RADS的敏感度（93.45%）高于SRRisk（86.91%,χ²=7.69,P<0.01）,GI-RADS的敏感度（91.67%）与O-RADS及SRRisk相当（χ²=0.80、3.50,P均>0.05）。结论 O-RADS、GI-RADS及SRRisk鉴别卵巢良、恶性肿瘤的效能均较高且彼此相当。     

Assessing progression to impaired glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes mellitus

BACKGROUND: A prospective evaluation of the relationship between insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity, derived from the fasting state, is needed in clinical practice in order to identify the worsening of glucose metabolism. In this study the authors examine whether the product of insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion, assessed from the fasting state, predicts progression from normal glucose tolerance (NGT) to impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and from impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cohort of 300 subjects with NGT and 75 subjects with IGT were followed up over a 5-year period. Insulin sensitivity was calculated using the Belfiore index (B) and insulin secretion by the homeostasis model analysis beta-cell (HOMA-beta cell) index: the product of B-beta is expressed as: (40 x Ins(0) pmol L(-1))/Glu(0) mmol L(-1){[(Glu(0) mmol L(-1)x Ins(0) pmol L(-1)) + 1] - 3.5[(Glu(0) mmol L(-1) x Ins(0) pmol L(-1)) - 1]}, where Glu(0) is fasting glucose and Ins(0) is fasting insulin. RESULTS: From baseline at the end of the follow-up period, the product B-beta decreased 10.7% and 52.2% in progressors to IGT and T2DM, respectively. The product B-beta predicts the progression from NGT to IGT [relative risk (RR) 2.7, CI(95%) 1.2-9.1] and from IGT to T2DM (RR 5.3, CI(95%) 1.3-8.55). The cut-off point for the product B-beta that better predicts progression from NGT to IGT is 0.25 (sensitivity 88%, specificity 92%) and from IGT to T2DM 0.15 (sensitivity 92%, specificity 95%). CONCLUSIONS: Adaptation of insulin secretion to compensate for decreased insulin sensitivity during transition to IGT and T2DM can be successfully assessed with simple measures derived from the fasting state. The product B-beta predicts the development to IGT and T2DM.     

糖耐量减低者的冠状动脉病变特点及相关因素分析

目的 研究糖耐量减低(IGT)者的冠状动脉病变特点.方法 根据糖耐量(OGTT)结果 将疑似缺血性胸痛的住院患者490例分为IGT组(161例)、2型糖尿病(T2DM)组(159例)、糖耐量正常(NGT)组(170例),检测3组血清甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)和高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)含量,计算BMI,记录一般临床资料(包括性别、年龄、吸烟史、高血压病史),分析3组的冠状动脉造影(CAG)结果 和冠状动脉Gensini评分情况.结果 (1)T2DM组、IGT组血清TG[(2.41±1.70)mmol/L和(2.26±1.20)mmol/L]均明显高于NGT组[(1.95±1.14)mmol/L],差异有统计学意义(t=0.4610,0.3124,P<0.01,<0.05),但IGT组和T2DM组间TG水平比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);3组间TC、HDL-C、LDL-C差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05).(2)T2DM组和IGT组血清hs-CRP[(2.38±1.76)ms/L和(2.33±2.03)ms/L]均明显高于NGT组[(1.54±1.32)mg/L,t=0.8391,0.7815,P均<0.01],而T2DM组与IGT组比较差异无统计学意义(P>O.05).(3)IGT组和T2DM组的BMI[(25.50±3.04)kg/m2和(26.09±2.86)kg/m2]均明显高于NGT组[(24.70±3.27)kg/m2],差异均有统计学意义(t=0.8063,1.3947,P<0.05,<0.01),但T2DM组与IGT组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).(4)单支冠状动脉病变发生率NGT组为44.7%,明显高于IGT组(23.6%)和T2DM组(18.9%)(x2=16.310,25.116,P均<0.05),但IGT组和T2DM组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);T2DM组、IGT组2支血管病变发生率分别为37.1%和39.8%,均明显高于NGT组(23.5%)(x2=7.200,10.099,P均<0.05),而IGT组和T2DM组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);3支冠状动脉病变发生率IGT组和T2DM组分别为33.5%和40.9%,均明显高于NGT组(20.O%)(x2=7.767,17.028,P均<0.05),IGT组和T2DM组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).(5)次全或完全闭塞发生率T2DM组和IGT组分别为22.6%和18.0%,均高于NGT组(7.6%)(x2=14.573,8.019,P均<0.05),而IGT组和T2DM组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);IGT组和T2DM组血管弥漫性病变发生率分别为24.8%和30.8%,均高于NGT组(12.4%)(x2=8.583,16.724,P均<0.05),但IGT组和T2DM组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).(6)Gensini评分IGT组和T2DM组分别为(55.05±22.99)和(56.15±24.87),较NGT组(38.03±17.38)明显升高,其差异有统计学意义(t=17.0142,18.1186,P均<0.01),IGT组与T2DM组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 IGT患者2支及3支冠状动脉病变发生率明显升高,次全或完全闭塞及弥漫性病变发生率也明显高于NGT者,与糖尿病患者冠状动脉病变特点相似,提示IGT与冠状动脉病变严重程度密切相关,临床工作中应高度重视此类患者.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the characteristics of coronary's pathological changes in patients with impaired glucose tolerance. Methods Four-hundred and ninety patients who were suspected with ischemic chest pain were divided into three groups according to their OGTT results: (1) IGT group: n = 161,(2) 12DM group:n = 159, (3) NGT group: n = 170. Serum levels of triglyceride (TG) , total cholesterol (TC) , highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) , low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high sensitive Creactive protein (hs-CRP) were detected, their body mass indexes (BMI) were calculated. General clinical information (including gender, age, history of smoking, history of hypertension) were collected. All the CAG results were analyzed and Gensini scores were assessed as well. Results The TG levels in the T2DM group and IGT group ([2. 41 ± 1.70] mmol/L and [2. 26 ± 1. 20] mmol/L) were significantly higher than that of the NGT group (1.95 ± 1.14) mmol/L, the differences were significant (t=0.4610,0.3124, P<0. 01 and 0.05,respectively),whereas there was no significant difference between the IGT group and T2DM group (P >0.05);No significant difference was found among the three groups about TC, HDL-C, LDL-C levels (either P > 0.05). The levels of hs-CRP in T2DM group ([2. 38 ± 1. 76] mg/L and IGT group [2. 33 ± 2. 03] mg/L) were higher compared with the NGT group ([1. 54 ± 1. 32] mg/L), the differences were significant (t = 0. 8391,0. 7815, Ps < 0. 01), whereas there was no significant difference between the IGT group and T2 DM group (P >0.05). BMIs of the IGT group ([25.50 ± 3.04]kg/m2) and T2DM group ([26.09 ± 2.86]kg/m2) were higher than that of the NGT group ([24. 70 ± 3. 27] kg/m2), the differences were significant (t = 0. 8063,1. 3947, P<0. 05 and <0.01, respectively),whereas no significant difference was found between the T2DM group and IGT group (P > 0. 05). The incidence of single coronary pathological changes was 44.7% in the NGT group,it was higher than that of the IGT group (23. 6%) and T2DM group (18. 9%) (x2 = 16. 310,25. 116,Ps < 0. 05), whereas there was no significant difference between the IGT group' and T2DM group (P > 0. 05);The incidences of 2 branches pathological changes in the T2DM group (37. 1%) and IGT group (39. 8%) were higher compared with NGT group (23. 5%) ,the differences were significant (x2 =1. 200,10. 099,Ps <0. 05),whereas there was no significant difference between the IGT group and T2DM group (P >0. 05) ;The incidences of 3 vessels pathological changes in the T2DM group (40.9%) and IGT group (33. 5%) were higher than that of the NGT group (20. 0%) , the differences were significant (x2 = 7. 767,17. 028, Ps < 0.05), there was no significant difference between the IGT group and T2DM group (P > 0. 05). The incidence of subtotal or total occlusion of the T2DM group and IGT group were 22. 6% and 18.0% respectively,both were higher than that of the NGT group(7. 6%) (x2 = 14. 573,8. 019 ,Pa < 0.05) , whereas no significant difference was found between the T2DM group and IGT group (P > 0. 05). The incidences of vascular diffusing pathological change in the IGT group (24. 8%) and T2DM group (30. 8%) were higher compared with the NGT group (12.4%) (x2 =8.583,16.724, Ps < 0.05), whereas there was no significant difference between the IGT group and T2DM group (P >0.05). The Gensini scores in the IGT group (55. 05 ± 22. 99) and T2DM group(56. 15 ± 24. 87) were significnatly higher than that of the NGT group (38. 03 ± 17. 38), the differences were significant ((t =17.0142,18. 1186,Ps <0.01),whereas there was no significant difference between the IGT group and T2DM group (P>0.05). Conclusion The incidences of 2 and 3 vessels pathological changes increase significantly in patients with IGT. Moreover, the incidences of occlusion and diffuse stenosis increase significantly. This is similar to the coronary artery pathological charactersitics in patients with diabetes, which indicates that IGT is closely related to the pathological severity of coronary artery. We should pay much attention to those patients with IGT in the clinical work.     

超声鉴别诊断瘢痕妊娠与宫腔下段非瘢痕妊娠

目的 观察二维及三维超声诊断剖宫产瘢痕妊娠（CSP）与宫腔下段非瘢痕妊娠的价值。方法 收集67例CSP患者（CSP组）和29例宫腔下段非瘢痕妊娠患者（宫腔下段非瘢痕妊娠组）,以二维及三维超声观察孕囊种植部位、与剖宫产瘢痕关系和滋养血流主要来源部位,并测量剖宫产瘢痕处残余肌层厚度;建立Logistic回归模型,以ROC曲线评价其诊断效能。结果 CSP组与宫腔下段非瘢痕组间孕囊与瘢痕关系、滋养血流来源部位及瘢痕处残余肌层厚度差异均有统计学意义（P均<0.001）。Logistic回归模型显示ROC曲线下面积为0.878（P<0.001）。以预测概率=0.680为临界值,该模型预测CSP的准确率为86.46%,敏感度为89.55%,特异度为79.31%。以孕囊植入瘢痕和滋养血流来源于子宫前壁下段为诊断CSP的标准,二维与三维超声诊断CSP和宫腔下段非瘢痕妊娠的Kappa值分别为0.699和0.711。结论 通过Logistic回归模型综合分析孕囊与瘢痕关系、滋养血流来源部位和瘢痕处残余肌层厚度,可提高对CSP与宫腔下段非瘢痕妊娠的鉴别效能。     

基于T2WI 3D纹理分析评估宫颈癌组织学分级

目的 探讨基于T2WI的3D纹理分析评估宫颈癌组织学分级的价值.方法 回顾性分析经病理证实的175例宫颈癌患者,其中高分化41例(高分化组),中分化76例(中分化组),低分化58例(低分化组),术前均接受常规MR平扫及增强扫查.采用ITK-SNAP软件勾画感兴趣体积(VOI),以LIFEx软件计算获取41个纹理参数;比...     

应用Logistic回归模型筛选剪切波弹性成像评估颈部淋巴结的定量参数

目的 采用Logistic回归模型探讨剪切波弹性成像(SWE)评估颈部淋巴结良恶性的价值和筛选SWE的定量参数.方法 对59例患者共95个疑似恶性颈部淋巴结在颈部淋巴结清扫前进行常规超声检查及剪切波弹性成像检查,分别比较颈部良性与恶性淋巴结的弹性值比值(E-ratio)、病灶的平均弹性值(E-mean)、病灶的最大弹性值(E-max)和标准差(SD);以病理结果为金标准,建立二分类逻辑回归模型,绘制模型预测概率的ROC曲线并计算曲线下面积,确定诊断界值,计算敏感度、特异度、准确度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值和约登指数.结果 Logistic回归模型为logitic(p)=-3.653+1.760X₁+0.235X₂-0.207X₃+0.168X₄,X₁为E-ratio,X₂为E-mean,X₃为E-max,X₄为SD.模型预测概率ROC曲线的曲线下面积为0.865,以55.66%为模型预测概率的诊断界值时,准确率最高为84.21%,对应的敏感度为80.00%,特异度88.89%,阳性预测值为88.89%,阴性预测值为80.00%,约登指数为68.89%.结论 运用SWE的4个定量参数建立的逻辑回归模型对颈部良恶性淋巴结的鉴别具有中等诊断价值,4个定量参数均可为良恶性淋巴结的鉴别诊断提供依据,而诊断价值最高的定量参数是E-ratio.     

A study of urinary myo-inositol as a sensitive marker of glucose intolerance

BACKGROUND: We assessed the possibility of using myo-inositol as a marker of glucose intolerance. METHODS: We measured urinary myo-inositol enzymatically before and 2 h after a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test in 564 volunteers, who were divided into four groups [normal glucose tolerance (NGT), impaired fasting glucose (IFG), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and diabetes mellitus (DM)]. Furthermore, we classified NGT into NGT-A (2-h blood glucose <120 mg/dl and 2-h glucosuria <50 mg/dl) and NGT-B (remaining NGT subjects). We then compared deltamyo-inositol (myo-inositol/creatinine ratio: 2-h after glucose load--before load) of each group to investigate the relationship between glucose intolerance and deltamyo-inositol. RESULTS: The glucose tolerance of NGT-B appeared to have deteriorated compared with NGT-A as determined by blood glucose, insulin, and glucosuria. There was very little effect of gender or age on deltamyo-inositol in NGT-A. deltamyo-inositol was significantly higher than that in NGT-A (0.5+/-7.1 mg/g Cr) not only in IFG (8.7+/-19.5 mg/g Cr, P<0.0001), IGT (14.8+/-22.9 mg/g Cr, P<0.0001) and DM (79.5+/-37.1 mg/g Cr, P<0.0001), but in NGT-B (7.4+/-12.7 mg/g Cr, P<0.0001). With 2 mg/g Cr as a tentative cut-off for deltamyo-inositol to detect NGT-A, sensitivity and specificity were 68% and 72%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The deltamyo-inositol can be use of a non-invasive and sensitive marker for glucose intolerance.     

糖耐量受损急性冠脉综合征患者血清同型半胱氨酸、C反应蛋白水平的研究

目的探讨同型半胱氨酸、C反应蛋白在不同糖耐量的急性冠脉综合征(ACS)患者血清中的变化及其相关性,以探讨急性冠脉综合征在合并糖耐量受损情况下,促发动脉粥样硬化斑块破裂,引发临床事件的可能机制,为及时、有效地干预糖耐量受损患者急性冠脉事件提供新的评价指标。方法选择急性冠脉综合征(ACS)患者89例,根据不同糖耐量水平分为:对照组-糖耐量正常组(NGT组)(29例);2型糖尿病组(T2DM组)(30例);糖耐量受损组(IGT组)(30例)。分别检测血清中同型半胱氨酸、C反应蛋白水平。结果①与NGT组相比,伴IGT组和T2DM组的ACS患者HCY、CRP显著升高,P<0.05。②T2DM组血清HCY、CRP水平高于IGT组,但无统计学意义(P<0.05);③HCY、CRP与HOMA-IR存在正相关(r值分别是0.328、0.362,P<0.05),HCY、CRP之间存在正相关(r值是0.276,P<0.05)。结论①2型糖尿病与糖耐量受损的ACS患者较糖耐量正常的ACS患者具有更明显的炎症反应。②胰岛素抵抗是引起斑块不稳定性增加的因素之一。③HCY、CRP在ACS合并胰岛素抵抗时呈正相关,共同促进糖耐量受损患者ACS的发生。     

Peptide hormones and risk for future cardiovascular events among prediabetics: a 20-year follow-up in the OPERA study

Abstract

Background: Prediabetes has proven to have many unfavourable impacts on the cardiovascular system.

Methods: The OPERA (Oulu Project Elucidating Risk of Atherosclerosis) study included 1045 middle-aged subjects followed from the years 1990–1993 to 2014. The focus was on peptide hormones.

Results: Plasma resistin levels were higher among prediabetics (p?=?.001), particularly impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) (p?<?.001), but not impaired fasting glucose (IFG) patients than among normal glucose tolerance (NGT) or diabetes groups. Diabetics showed lower resistin levels than IGT subjects (p?<?.001). IGT or diabetes groups showed lower adiponectin and higher leptin levels compared to the NGT group (p?<?.001). The IFG group had the highest blood pressure and left ventricular mass index, even higher than the diabetic group. Diabetics had the highest, prediabetics (IFG?+?IGT) intermediate and NGT the lowest risk for CVD events during follow-up (p?<?.001). Among prediabetics, high plasma ghrelin was an independent predictor of CVD events (p?<?.05) in the Cox regression analysis although it did not significantly improve either classification or discrimination of the patients.

Conclusions: Among glucose tolerance groups, patients with IGT had the highest resistin, but equally high leptin and low adiponectin levels as diabetics. Among prediabetics, ghrelin seems to predict independently cardiovascular events in the long term.

• KEY MESSAGE

• Among glucose tolerance groups, patients with IGT had the highest resistin, but equally high leptin and low adiponectin levels as diabetics.

• Among prediabetics, ghrelin seems to predict independently cardiovascular events in the long term.

     

不同血糖水平人群血清脂联素水平与胰岛素抵抗的关系

目的研究天津地区不同糖耐量人群血清脂联素水平与胰岛素抵抗的关系。方法290例受试者中2型糖尿病患者(DM组)124例、糖耐量减低者(IGT组)66例、正常对照组(NGT组)100例,各组按体重指数(BMI)分成肥胖亚组和非肥胖亚组。测定受试者的身高、体重、腰围、臀围及血浆胆固醇和甘油三酯,并采用放射免疫法测定胰岛素(FINS)、酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)法测定血清脂联素水平。结果(1)IGT组和DM组脂联素水平较NGT组明显降低,分别为5.31±1.20mg/L,4.12±0.73mg/L和8.09±0.39mg/L,DM组降低最显著(P<0.05)。(2)与NGT组相比,IGT组的BMI、腰臀比(WHR)、空腹血糖(FBG)、总胆固醇(TC)明显升高,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)明显下降(P<0.05或P<0.01);DM组的收缩压(SBP)、BMI、WHR、FBG、胰岛素抵抗指数(IRI)、TG的水平均高于前两组,HDL-C明显低于NGT组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。(3)血清脂联素与BMI、WHR、腰围(YW)及体脂含量(FAT%)呈显著负相关,与血胆固醇(TC)水平无相关性,与甘油三酯呈负相关。在本年龄段中,与年龄关系不大。结论(1)脂联素水平在IGT和DM人群中明显降低,提示脂联素在2型DM发病中可能起着一定作用,可以作为2型DM发病的一个预测指标。(2)各组肥胖亚组中IRI明显升高,说明肥胖人群存在IR,而各组肥胖亚组脂联素水平也明显降低,提示肥胖是影响该脂肪因子的重要因素。脂联素可能是联系肥胖、IR和2型DM的一个纽带。