浅谈医疗设备数字化管理

对医疗设备数字化管理相关问题进行了探讨，内容包括数字化医院及数字化医疗设备、当前医疗设备数字化管理的主要内容、医疗设备数字化管理技术所取得的进展。指出在数字化时代，医疗设备数字化管理是医院数字化建设的重要组成部分之一，需要在实践中不断探讨和完善。     

浅谈疗养院数字化医疗设备的维护与管理

分析了数字化医疗设备的原理与特点,给出了科学管理数字化医疗设备的几点思路,总结了数字化医疗设备使用的注意事项,强调了建立数字化医疗设备电子档案和加强医学工程部门与信息科交流的重要性。     

数字化医院大型医疗设备绩效评价方式的改进研究

目的：数字化医院是通过宽带网络把数字化医疗设备、数字化医学影像系统和数字化医疗信息系统等全部临床作业过程纳入到数字化网络中,通过大型医疗设备的绩效评估监控管理设备的使用。方法：对大型医疗设备进行有效的绩效评估,可以促进其资源配置的优化、精准科学的管理,合理良性的应用,使大型医疗设备充分有效地应用到临床诊疗中。结果：基础数据的搜集,是大型医疗设备绩效评估的基础。基础数据的即时有效、真实准确以及规范科学可以增强大型医疗设备综合绩效管理评估的可操作性与科学性。结论：本研究通过设定大型医疗设备使用的基础数据采集规则,从而提高了大型医疗设备统计中基础数据的时效性、准确性和规范性。     

数字医疗技术的安全隐患及对策

阐述了数字医疗技术的基本概念以及在数字化时代的特点及优势,从兼容性、安全性和有效性3个方面指出了数字医疗技术在医学领域所面临的问题,提出了保障数字化医疗设备应用的效果及风险评估、建立数字化医疗设备的质量安全控制体系等对策,并对数字化医疗技术的未来发展进行了展望。     

数字化医学影像设备最新进展及发展趋势(上)

从工程专业的角度，阐述了当前医疗设备的数字化发展趋势，令人信服地说明了数字化医疗设备的核心技术是软件，从而也揭示了当今各大厂商产品技术核心所在，为医院提供了在装备建设过程中所应该考虑的关键问题。文章还图文并茂地介绍了大型医学影像设备的最新进展以及发展趋势，并描述了医疗设备数字化发展的必然结果：数字化医院的出现及其形态。     

从下一代互联网的应用谈数字化医疗设备的IPv6化

本文在分析了 IPv6技术优势和医疗数字化的基础上,提出医疗设备 IPv6化是数字化医疗设备发展的必然的看法,并对其可行性及应用前景进行了分析和阐述.     

数字化医疗设备计算机系统常见故障的维护

数字化医疗设备在医院各科室得到广泛应用,提高了设备诊断精确度,减轻了医技人员的工作强度,使医疗诊治水平和质量上了一个新的台阶。本文就数字化医疗设备在使用过程中,有关计算机系统的常见故障的维护等问题进行了探讨。     

医疗设备通讯标准应用之探索

随着医院数字化建设的蓬勃发展，数字化医院的理念已经被广大医院所接受，面向纯粹医疗活动的各类医疗信息系统及其集成研究变得越来越重要。而医院医疗设备的数字化管理已成为现代医院管理的一个重要领域，也为医疗设备通讯标准的应用提出了新的课题。     

第一讲 数字化医疗影像质量管理概述

CT、MR、CR、DR等数字化医学影像设备已经广泛应用于临床。与传统医学影像学相比较,数字化医疗影像在成像方式、成像原理上发生了根本性的变化,因此医疗影像质量控制的技术与流程也发生了一定变化。本刊从第7期起推出＂数字化医疗影像质量管理系列讲座＂,以期与读者共同探讨此类问题。第一讲＂数字化医疗影像质量管理概述＂将以数字化医疗影像技术为依托,以管理学视角对数字化医疗影像质量管理的基本概念和由此衍生出的相关理论知识进行阐述,主要论述了数字化医疗影像质量控制的基本流程、影像质量管理链、学术理论发展、数字化医疗影像设备质量控制检测与保证实施,并对数字化医学影像的技术发展和所遇到的一些问题提出了思考。     

数字温度传感器DS18B20在医疗设备数字化管理中的开发应用

目的:实现DS18B20数字温度传感器在医疗设备数字化管理中的应用。方法:利用C51单片机技术,通过单片机C语言编程,实现DS18B20温度传感器温试采集、转换和显示。结果:实现了医疗设备工作环境温控监测,加强医疗设备数字化管理。     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.