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??OBJECTIVE To investigate the therapeutic effects of benzylbenzoate glucosides from Curculigo orchioides on retinoic acid induced osteoporosis in rats. METHODS 3-Month-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were intragastrically given the retinoic acid 70 mg??kg^-1??d^-1 for 2 weeks, and then treated with estrogen(E₂, 1 mg??kg^-1), total flavonoids from Epimedium folium(TF, 100 mg??kg^-1), benzylbenzoate glucosides from Curculigo orchioides (COP,6,18 and 54 mg??kg^-1) and Curculigo orchioides extracts(COE,3 000 mg??kg^-1)for 4 weeks, respectively. The bone mineral density of right femur were assayed by Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry. The levels of Ca, P, creatinine, ALP and TRAP in serum and urine were assayed with automatic biochemical analyzer. The levels of BGP and DPD in serum were measured with Elisa kit according to instruction. RESULTS Treatment SD rats with retinoic acid for 2 weeks significantly decreased bone mineral density, increased the ratio of Ca and Creatinine in urine, and serum TRAP activity. Treatment with E₂, TF and COP not only increased the bone mineral density, decreased the ratio of Ca and creatinine in urine and serum TRAP activity, but also regulated BGP level and increased ALP activity of serum in retinoic acid induced osteoporotic rats. CONCLUSION Benzylbenzoate glucosides from Curculigo orchioides can decrease bone loss by inhibiting bone resorption and improving bone formation.     

Antioxidant properties and TLC characterization of four Chilean Haplopappus-species known as bailahuén

"Bailahuén" is the common name of a medicinal shrub native to Chile where this resinous herb is widely used for its liver stimulating properties. Although the official species is Haplopappus baylahuen Remy (Asteraceae), other species of the same genus are also used in different regions as "bailahuén". A thin layer chromatography (TLC) method for rapid identification of different species and detection of adulterations is described for four of the species: Haplopappus baylahuen, Haplopappus taeda Reiche, Haplopappus multifolius Phil., and Haplopappus remyanus Wedd. To confirm efficiency in all species antioxidant properties were screened in resins, infusions, and methanolic extracts by tests of lipid peroxidation in erythrocytes and free radical scavenging activity by DPPH. In both studies Haplopappus baylahuen showed the lowest antioxidant capacity. In DPPH analyses, infusion and resins of Haplopappus baylahuen also showed the lowest and Haplopappus remyanus the major inhibiting activity of free radicals, while Haplopappus multifolius proved to have the highest result when the methanolic extracts were used. The chemical characterization of the studied species showed important levels of flavonoids and coumarins, with flavonoids predominating in Haplopappus taeda, coumarins in Haplopappus multifolius and both of them in Haplopappus baylahuen and Haplopappus remyanus.     

Ménétrier病1例诊疗体会

本文通过对1例临床少见Ménétrier病患者的回顾,探讨本病的诊疗体会,并讨论该病的临床诊断依据及治疗方法,以期提高同道对本病的认识。     

Anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities of the extracts from the inflorescence of Chrysanthemum indicum Linné

Chrysanthemum indicum Linné (CI) has a long history for the treatment of inflammation, hypertension and respiratory diseases in China. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties of the inflorescence or bud of CI extracts. The ethanol extract of CI (CIEE) was fractionated to a petroleum ether soluble fraction (CIPF), an ethyl acetate soluble fraction (CIEF), a butanol soluble fraction (CIBF) and a water soluble fraction (CIWF) successively. CIBF (150 mg/kg, p.o.) caused a significant inhibition on the auricle edema in mice. CIBF (150, 300 mg/kg, p.o.) not only significantly increased the delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction induced by 2,4-dinitro-fluorobenzene (DNFB) but also significantly enhanced antibody generation by splenic cells of mice and IgG and IgM levels in mice sera in response to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) in cyclophosphamide (CP)-induced mice. Furthermore, CIBF (150, 300 mg/kg, p.o.) obviously potentiated the function of the mononuclear phagocytic system in CP-induced mice. The above results reveal that CIBF possesses anti-inflammatory, humoral and cellular immunomodulatory and mononuclear phagocytic activities, probably due to the presence of flavonoids.     

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??OBJECTIVE To study the chemical constituents from the roots of Rubus parvifolius. METHODS Various chromatographic techniques such as silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, and prep-HPLC column chromatography were used. RESULTS Nineteen compounds, including 12 triterpenoids were isolated from the roots of Rubus parvifolius. Based on the analysis of their spectroscopic data, the structures of these 19 compounds were identified as p-hydroxybenzoic acid(1), 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzoic acid(2), 3-methoxy-4-hydroxybenzoic acid(3), ??-sitosterol(4), oleanolic acid(5), ursolic acid(6), 2-oxopomolic acid(7), pomolic acid(8), p-hydroxyphenylethyl alcohol(9), psiguanin A(10), 2??-hydroxyursolic acid(11), tormentic acid(12), 2??,3??,19??,23-tetrahydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid(13), L-epicatechin(14), 2??,3??,19??,24- tetrahydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid(15), 2??,3??,19??,24-tetrahydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid(16), 2??,3??,19??-trihydroxyolean-12-en-23,28-dioic acid(17), suavissimoside R₁ (18), and daucosterol(19), respectively. CONCLUSION Compounds 1-3, 5, 7-10, 12, and 15-17 are isolated from the roots of R. parvifolius for the first time. Compounds 7 and 9 are isolated from the genus Rubus L. for the first time. Compounds 10 and 15-17 are isolated from the family Rosaceae for the first time.     

Wound healing and anti-inflammatory activities of the Michauxia L'Hérit (Campanulaceae) species native to Turkey

Ethnopharmacological relevance

The leaves of Michauxia species are used for the treatment of wounds in Turkish traditional medicine. In the present study, wound healing, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of the extracts obtained from the root and herb of 5 species of Michauxia collected in different parts of Turkey were evaluated.

Material and methods

In vivo incision and excision wound models were used in order to assess the wound healing effects of the methanolic extracts of the plants. Skin samples were also evaluated histopathologically. In vivo inhibitory effect of the extracts on acetic acid-induced increase in capillary permeability was studied for the assessment of anti-inflammatory activity. TBA (thiobarbituric acid) test, qualitative and quantitative DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) tests were used to evaluate the antioxidant activity.

Results

Noteworthy wound healing activity was observed for the ointment formulation prepared with 1% Michauxia nuda (root) and Michauxia tchihatchewii (herb) extracts. The results of histopathological evaluation supported the outcome of incision and excision wound models. Moreover, the Michauxia nuda (root) exerted remarkable anti-inflammatory effect. The highest antioxidant activity was observed with the ethyl acetate extract of Michauxia tchihatchewii herb.

Conclusion

The experimental study revealed that Michauxia displays remarkable wound healing and anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities.     

Prevention of hepatic injury by a traditional Chinese formulation, BJ-JN, in mice treated with Bacille-Calmette-Guérin and lipopolysaccharide

The hepatoprotective effects of BJ-JN (a traditional Chinese formulation) were evaluated in Bacille-Calmette-Guérin and lipopolysaccharide (BCG/LPS)-induced immunological liver injury (ILI) in mice. BJ-JN (0.75, 1.5, 3 g/kg) was administered via gavage daily for 10 days. Liver index (liver weight/body weight), serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), hepatic nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA) content, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, splenocyte proliferation, production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-1 (IL-1) by peritoneal macrophages, and histopathologic changes of the liver were evaluated following the 10 days treatment. BJ-JN (0.75, 1.5, 3 g/kg) effectively reduced the BCG/LPS-induced elevated liver index, serum ALT levels, hepatic NO and MDA content, and restored hepatic SOD activity in ILI mice. BJ-JN treatment also alleviated diminished splenocyte proliferation induced by concanavalin A (ConA) and repressed abnormally high levels of TNF-alpha and IL-1 from peritoneal macrophages. The histopathological analysis suggested that BJ-JN reduced the degree of liver injury of ILI mice. These results suggest that BJ-JN has a protective and therapeutic effect on ILI mice, which might be associated with its antioxidant properties, ability to reduce NO production and immunoregulatory function.     

Anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties of the stem bark extract of Mitragyna ciliata (Rubiaceae) Aubrév. & Pellegr

Mitragyna ciliata is widely used in traditional medicine for the treatment of inflammation, hypertension, headache, rheumatism, gonorrhoea and broncho-pulmonary diseases. In the present study, the anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties of the stem bark extract of M. ciliata were investigated. The stem bark of this plant was extracted over Soxhlet with hexane followed by another extraction with methanol. The resulting methanol extract was used for the pharmacological test. Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated on the basis of the inhibitory effect of the extract on 5-lipoxygenase, and carrageenin-induced hind paw oedema in the rat. The methanol extract, at a dose of 19.2 microg/ml, exhibited no inhibition on 5-lipoxygenase. However, this extract administered per os (50 mg/kg) produced about 70% inhibition of carrageenin-induced paw oedema 1 h after administration. This inhibition was maintained to about 50% 2 h after administration. The dose of 50 mg/kg of MeOH extract significantly decreased sensitivity to pain from 78.75 to 107.5 g These findings suggest that extracts of the bark of M. ciliata, possess potent anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. Chemical analysis of the extract showed the presence of alkaloids and kaempferol derivative which may be responsible for the anti-inflammatory properties.     

荜茇化学成分的研究(é)

目的 对荜茇Piper longum的化学成分进行研究,为阐明其有效成分提供依据.方法 利用硅胶、反相C18和凝胶柱色谱对荜茇95%乙醇提取物的二氯甲烷和醋酸乙酯萃取部分进行化学成分分离,根据光谱数据和理化性质鉴定各化合物的结构.结果 分离到10个化合物,分别是胡椒碱(Ⅰ)、methyl piperate(Ⅱ)、几内亚胡椒碱(Ⅲ)、苯丙酸(Ⅳ)、胡椒次碱(Ⅴ)、胡椒新碱(Ⅵ)、墙草碱(Ⅶ)、(E)-4-[(2-methypropyl)amino]-4-oxo-2-butenoic acid(Ⅷ)、pipernonaline(Ⅸ)、β-谷甾醇(Ⅹ).结论 化合物Ⅰ、Ⅳ、Ⅶ为首次从该种植物中分离得到.     

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??OBJECTIVE To explore a new method to identify Microcos paniculata to guarantee its safe use. METHODS ITS2 Sequence was used as a barcode to identify herbal tea ingredient M. paniculata and its adulterants. The genomic DNAs from 56 samples were extracted, and the ITS2 sequences were amplified and bidirectionally sequenced. All the sequences were assembled and obtained using the CodonCode Aligner V3.7.1. The genetic distances were computed by kimura 2-parameter (K2P) model and the neighbor-joining (NJ) phylogenetic trees were constructed using MEGA6.1. RESULTS The length of ITS2 sequence of M. paniculata was 237 bp. The intra-specific genetic distances(0-0.036) were much shorter than the inter-specific genetic distances (0.155-0.404) between M. paniculata and its adulterants. The NJ tree indicated that M.paniculata and its adulterants could be distinguished clearly. CONCLUSION ITS2 Barcode can accurately and effectively distinguish herbal tea ingredient M.paniculata from its adulterants, which provides a new molecular method to identify M.paniculata from its adulterants. It is a great help for the market supervision and medication safety.     

Ethnobotany and antibacterial activity of some plants used in traditional medicine of Zapotitlán de las Salinas,Puebla (México)

The village of Zapotitlán de las Salinas is situated in the Valley of Tehuacán-Cuicatlán, Puebla, Mexico. Plant species used by the local inhabitants to treat gastrointestinal diseases were identified using ethnobotanical, ethnographic and taxonomic methods. Out of 119 interviews, 44 plant species were registered, of which the following are the most frequently used (listed in descending order): Lippia graveolens H.B. et K. (Verbenaceae), Lantana achyranthifolia Desf. (Verbenaceae), Turnera diffusa (Willd.) ex Schult. (Turneraceae), Lippia oaxacana Rob. et Greenm. (Verbenaceae), Gymnolaena oaxacana (Greenm.) Rydb. (Asteraceae), Cordia curassavica (Jacq.) Roem. et Schult. (Boraginaceae), Lantana camara L. (Verbenaceae) and Acalypha hederacea Torrey (Euphorbiaceae). From these plants, hexane, chloroform and ethanol extracts were prepared in order to assess their antibacterial activity against 14 bacterial strains causing the most common gastrointestinal diseases in Mexican population. All hexane extracts showed antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. There is a correlation between the frequency of mention (of plant use) and the antibacterial activity. In conclusion, the knowledge of plants most frequently used for gastrointestinal infections in Zapotitlán de las Salinas is supported by scientific rationale.     

Informant consensus factor and antibacterial activity of the medicinal plants used by the people of San Rafael Coxcatlán, Puebla, México

Using ethnobotanical techniques, the medicinal flora used by the inhabitants of San Rafael Coxcatlán, Puebla was determined. During the field work, two types of interviews were applied (free listing and semi-structured) to 60 informants, who supplied consistent information concerning the use of 46 species of medicinal plants. Further analysis showed 13 categories of different medicinal use. An informant consensus factor was calculated and 16 species were selected due to their utilization in the treatment of diseases of possible bacterial origin. Of these 16 plants, sequential extractions were made with hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol. The obtained extracts were used to assess their antibacterial activity against 14 bacterial strains; 75% of the plants presented antibacterial activity. The medicinal species Jatropha neopauciflora Pax (Euphorbiaceae) and Juliania adstringens (Schldl.) Schldl. (Julianiaceae) were those that showed the biggest activity. Moreover, these species also had the highest informant consensus factor values.     

cience and TechnologyInner

a Agricultural Science and TechnologyInner Mongolia Agricultural Science and TechnologyInner Mongolia Agricultural Science and TechnologyInner Mongolia Agricultural Science and TechnologyInner Mongolia Agricultural Science and TechnologyInner Mongolia Agricultural Science and TechnologyIn诸多不足,有待进一步提高。     

Medicinal plants used in the Huasteca Potosina, México

Ethnopharmacological importance

Medicinal plants have been a source of medicinal compounds since ancient times. This study documented the use of plant species in traditional medicine in the municipality of Aquismón, San Luis Potosí, México.

Materials and methods

Direct interviews were performed with inhabitants from Aquismón. The interviews were analyzed with two quantitative tools: (a) the informant consensus factor (ICF) that estimates the level of agreement about which medicinal plants may be used for each category and (b) the relative importance (RI) that determines the extent of potential utilization of each species.

Results

A total of 73 plant species with medicinal purposes, belonging to 37 families and used to treat 52 illnesses and 2 cultural filiations were reported by interviewees.Nineteen mixtures with medicinal plants were reported by the interviewers. Matricaria recutita was the most used plant for combinations (five mixtures). The results of the ICF showed that diseases of the digestive and respiratory systems had the greatest agreement. The most versatile species according to their RI are Ruta graveolens, Tagetes erecta, Ocimum basilicum and Erigeron karwinskianus.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates that plant species play an important role in healing practices and magical–religious rituals among inhabitants from Huasteca Potosina. Further studies with medicinal flora, including mixtures, from Aquismón are required for the experimental validation of their traditional uses.     

改良Sauvé-kapandji术治疗陈旧性下尺桡关节脱位

目的:评价改良Sauvé-kapandji术治疗陈旧性下尺桡关节脱位的临床疗效和安全性.方法:2008年7月至2009年7月,采用改良Sauvé-kapandji术治疗陈旧性下尺桡关节脱位患者7例,男4例,女3例;年龄16～44岁,中位数30岁.左侧4例,右侧3例.均有腕部疼痛、腕关节活动受限等临床表现.病程10 ～18个月,中位数14个月.术后随访观察腕关节功能恢复情况及并发症发生情况.结果:所有患者均获随访,随访时间10～ 18个月,中位数12个月.均无感染和神经损伤等并发症.参照改良Mayo腕关节功能评分标准评定疗效,优5例,良1例,可1例.结论:改良Sauvé-kapandji术治疗陈旧性下尺桡关节脱位,具有手术操作简单、疗效好、并发症少等优点;但是肌腱长时间与骨孔摩擦、截骨端与其周围组织相互磨损,均会损伤腕关节周围的韧带组织,导致腕关节不稳定,因此其远期疗效还有待观察.     

Clinical Application and Characteristics of KONG＇s ScalpAcupuncture and Daoyin Technique

Scalp Acupuncture and Daoyin Technique, which are summarized by Dr. KONG in the light of his long-term acupuncture practice, has been considered as one of the clinical diagnostic and treatment programs in Chinese medicine by the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine. In this paper, the characteristics and clinical application of Scalp Acupuncture and Daoyin Technique are presented as follows.     

Randomized Controlled Trial on Mind-refreshing and Orifice-opening Needling Method and Cerebral Infarction

目的：观察醒脑开窍针法治疗脑梗死恢复期的，临床疗效。方法：600例脑梗死患者以病程分层随机，恢复期234例，随机分为治疗组116例，对照组118例。在西医常规治疗的基础上，治疗组采用醒脑开窍针刺；对照组采用传统针刺，均每日治疗1次，共治疗4星期。随访6个月。结果：两组患者基线资料可比性好，（P〉0．05）；治疗组疗效优于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论：醒脑开窍针剌是安全的，治疗脑梗死恢复期能够改善症状，减少致残，防止疾病进展，提高生活质量。     

Local Treatment of Obesity and Cellulitis with Acupuncture, Cupping and Massage

Purpose :Obesityandcellulites (OandC)aretwoofthemostcommonmetabolicdiseasesamongwomen .Theaimofthisstudyistestingthecombinationofacupunctureandphysiotherapeuticapparatus‘Celludist3C’forlocalre ductionofareasincaseofabdominalandgluteofemoralOandC .MethodsandMaterials:Eighteensubjects ( 2 0womenand 5men)weretestedwiththeapprobatedprogramincluded 1 0 procedures.Acupuncturewasperformedusingaspecialmethodofinsertionofneedlesatthelocalpointsontheupperexternalsideoftightsandatsomeadditionalpoin…