B型利钠肽对慢性心力衰竭的诊断价值及与左心功能的关系

目的:探讨血浆B型利钠肽(BNP)水平在慢性心力衰竭(CHF)中的诊断价值,以及血浆BNP与CHF严重程度和左心室功能的关系.方法:对96例根据病史、体征、心脏X线胸片、实验室检查及对治疗反应等临床诊断为CHF的患者,就诊后24 h内取静脉血测定血浆BNP,并行超声心动图检查,分析血浆BNP与NYHA心功能分级及左心室射血分数之间的关系.结果:按照心功能分级,Ⅰ～Ⅳ级患者血浆BNP逐步增加(P＜0.001);左心室舒张末期内径≤55 mm的血浆BNP显著低于内径＞55mm者(P＜0.01);且左心室射血分数≤0.50的血浆BNP显著大于射血分数＞0.50者(P＜0.001).结论:血浆BNP水平提示能客观的反映心功能的情况,可作为一种简便快速的手段用于CHF的诊断及危险分层.     

血浆脑钠肽与心功能参数的相关研究

目的:探讨心力衰竭患者血浆脑钠肽(BNP)水平与左心室功能的关系及其临床意义. 方法:测定并比较60例心力衰竭患者及30名正常人血浆BNP、左室舒张末横径(LVEDD)、左室射血分数(LVEF)等指标. 结果:心力衰竭患者血浆BNP、LVEDD均显著高于对照组(P＜0.01),LVEF显著低于对照组(P＜0.01).BNP水平随着心功能NYHA分级程度的加重而增高,并且BNP水平与LVEDD呈正相关(r=0.687,P＜0.001),而与LVEF呈负相关(r=-0.639,P＜0.001). 结论:血浆BNP水平对心衰患者的诊断、病情和预后判断具有重要临床意义.     

脑钠肽在慢性心力衰竭中应用价值探讨

目的:研究脑钠肽(BNP)在慢性心力衰竭(CHF)患者的诊断、病情评估、治疗疗效评价方面的临床价值.方法:采用电化学发光免疫分析法测定102例CHF患者(CHF组)和同期住院以呼吸困难为主诉并排除心脏疾病的患者30例(对照组)的血液BNP浓度,彩色超声心动图测定左心室射血分数、心脏指数,CHF组31例患者随机做核素心血池显像,测定安静状态的左心室射血分数.结果:CHF组的血液BNP浓度显著高于对照组(P＜0.001),BNP水平与NYHA心功能分级呈良好正相关,与左心室射血分数、心脏指数呈良好负相关.核素心血池显像的左心室射血分数和血液BNP浓度的关系与彩色超声心动图左心室射血分数和血液BNP浓度关系呈一致性.CHF患者经治疗后,随着NYHA心功能分级的改善,血液BNP明显下降(P＜0.001).血液BNP浓度≥10 720 pg/ml或BNP浓度呈进行性升高患者近期病死率高.结论:BNP的检测有利于CHF患者的早期诊断、病情评估、疗效评价,因此具有广泛的临床应用价值.     

血浆和肽素、B型利钠肽水平与慢性心力衰竭的关系

目的:研究血浆和肽素(copeptin)、B型利钠肽(BNP)水平与慢性心力衰竭(CHF)及其严重程度之间的关系.方法:选择CHF患者78例,入院后均经心脏超声检查,32例非CHF患者作为对照组.按NYHA分级,将78例CHF患者分为NYHAI-Ⅱ级组30例,Ⅲ级组25例,Ⅳ级组23例.使用放射免疫测定法测定血浆copeptin水平,使用美国Biosite公司产品Triage干式快速定量心肌梗死/心力衰竭诊断检测仪来测定血浆BNP水平.结果:CHF患者血浆copeptin、BNP水平与对照组相比明显升高(P＜0.01),并随NYHA分级的增加而升高.copeptin分别与左室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)值、肌酐、NYHA分级、BNP呈显著正相关(P＜0.01),与左室射血分数(LVEF)呈负相关(P＜0.01).结论:血浆copeptin和BNP水平在CHF中明显升高,copeptin和BNP水平对CHF患者的诊断、病情评估、危险分层具有一定临床意义.     

左心房容积及血浆脑钠肽评价左室射血分数正常心力衰竭的价值

目的评价左心房容积及血浆脑钠肽在左室射血分数正常心力衰竭诊断中的价值。方法前瞻性研究心力衰竭患者54例,其中左室射血分数正常心力衰竭(LVEF>50%)患者29例和收缩性心力衰竭。结果 (1)收缩性心力衰竭及左室射血分数正常心力衰竭两组患者的血浆BNP浓度均显著高于对照组(P<0.01),收缩性心力衰竭组血浆BNP浓度明显高于左室射血分数正常心力衰竭组(P<0.01)。(2)以血浆BNP125pg/ml为临界值,诊断左室射血分数正常心力衰竭的敏感性为:72.4%,特异性为:94.1%,阳性预测值为:91.3%,阴性预测值为:69.2%。(3)左室射血分数正常心力衰竭患者中,以血浆BNP为反映左室充盈压的间接指标,在超声心动图各指标中,相关性分析表明左心房容积指数与血浆LgBNP存在显著的正相关(r=0.773,P<0.0001)。(4)左心室射血分数正常心力衰竭组患者血浆BNP水平随NYHA心功能分级的级数增高而升高,且在各级NYHA心功能分级之间均有显著差异(P<0.01)。血浆BNP水平随左室舒张功能的恶化而升高,且在舒张功能各阶段之间均有显著差异。(5)左心室射血分数正常心力衰竭患者左心房容积指数随NYHA心功能分级的级数增高而升高,且在各级NYHA心功能分级之间均有显著差异(P<0.01)。左心房容积指数随左室舒张功能的恶化而升高,且在舒张功能各阶段之间均有显著差异。结论 (1)左心室射血分数正常心力衰竭患者血浆BNP水平与左心房容积指数明显升高,其升高的幅度与纽约心功能分级及舒张功能不全严重程度一致。(2)在排除收缩功能不全后,血浆BNP水平升高可作为左室射血分数正常心力衰竭诊断的指标之一。(3)在收缩功能正常的情况下,二尖瓣血流频谱及肺静脉血流频谱不能准确评估左心室舒张功能,而左房容积增大可用来评估舒张功能不全及其严重程度。     

慢性心力衰竭患者B型利钠肽与尿酸的变化及意义

目的:探讨B型利钠肽(BNP)、尿酸浓度在慢性心力衰竭(CHF)时的变化及心功能与超声心动图指标的相关性.方法:2007-03至2008-05我院住院患者中,102例因心功能失代偿而入院的CHF患者为CHF组;无CHF 26例作为对照组.患者人院后均行BNP、尿酸和超声心动图检查,BNP浓度以放射免疫法测定,尿酸浓度以自动分析仪测定.CHF组根据美国纽约心脏协会(NYHA)心功能分级标准分为Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ级.结果:与对照组比较,CHF组BNP浓度显著增高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);NYHAⅣ级及NYHAⅢ级患者的BNP浓度均较NYHAⅡ级高,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.01);NYHAⅣ级及NYHAⅢ级患者的尿酸浓度较对照组和NYHAⅡ级显著增高,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.01).CHF时BNP浓度与NYHA分级存在正相关关系(γ=0.785,P<0.01);与左心室射血分数存在负相关关系(r=-0.316,P<0.01).CHF时尿酸浓度与NYHA分级存在正相关关系(r=0.402,P<0.01);与左心室射血分数无直线相关关系.结论:CHF时BNP及尿酸浓度随着心力衰竭程度的加重而相应升高.BNP与左心功能状态有良好的相关性,而尿酸的这种相关性较差.BNP评价CHF时优于尿酸.尿酸水平是反映CHF病情严重程度的一个有意义的指标,尤其在CHF程度重(NYHAⅣ级及NYHAⅢ级)的患者更为明显.     

药物联合治疗充血性心力衰竭患者血浆B型钠尿肽水平的变化研究

目的 通过观察药物联合(福辛普利钠联合曲美他嗪)治疗充血性心力衰竭(CHF)患者血浆B型钠尿肽(BNP)水平变化及临床疗效,探讨其临床价值.方法 采用福辛普利钠联合曲美他嗪治疗107例CHF患者,观察其临床疗效,并检测(化学发光法)治疗前后血浆BNP水平变化,进行临床价值探讨.结果 药物联合治疗后,显效率为64.5、总有效率为96.3%;治疗前血浆BNP水平显著高于对照组(P＜0.01),治疗后显著低于治疗前(P＜0.01),但仍显著高于正常对照组(P＜0.01);随访1年后发生心脏事件组出院时血浆BNP水平显著高于未发生心脏事件组(P＜0.01).结论 CHF患者存在血浆BNP高水平表达,福辛普利钠联合曲美他嗪治疗临床疗效显著,且能够显著降低血浆BNP水平,测定血浆BNP水平可作为CHF患者病情判定、疗效评定及预测心脏事件的良好指标.     

普伐他汀对慢性心力衰竭患者血浆脑钠素水平及心功能的影响

目的探讨普伐他汀对慢性心力衰竭(CHF)患者血浆脑钠素(BNP)水平和心功能的影响.方法将56例CHF患者随机分为普伐他汀组(30例)和对照组(26例),2组均给予常规治疗,普伐他汀组另加普伐他汀10 mg,qn,疗程8周.测定治疗前、后左心室舒张末内径(LVDd)、左心室射血分数(LVEF)、血浆BNP浓度的变化.结果普伐他汀治疗8周后,血浆BNP浓度由(218.6±64.2)ng/L降至(149.4±50.1)ng/L(P＜0.01);LVEF由(34.4±3.4)%升至(45.4±4.9)%(P＜0.05),LVDd由(65.5±5.1)mm降至(45.4±4.9)mm(P＜0.05),与对照组比较均差异有统计学意义;且患者血浆BNP降低值与LVEF增加存在负相关(r=-0.71,P＜0.01),而与LVDd减少呈正相关(r=0.79,P＜0.05).结论普伐他汀能明显改善心功能,抑制血浆BNP增高.     

心衰患者血浆儿茶酚抑素和脑钠肽水平变化及其相关性

目的:探讨血浆儿茶酚抑素(CST)及脑钠肽(BNP)水平在慢性心力衰竭(CHF)患者中的变化及其相关性。方法:入选2014年6月~12月于我院心内科诊治的60例CHF患者为CHF组,另选择同期健康体检者60例作为正常对照组。采用酶联免疫吸附法测定两组血浆CST及BNP水平,并进行比较。直线相关分析血浆CST与BNP水平的相关性。结果:与正常对照组相比,CHF组血浆CST[(0.40±0.15)ng/L比(0.88±0.34)ng/L]及BNP[(30.84±12.56)ng/L比(678.21±120.35)ng/L]水平均显著升高(P均0.01)。直线相关分析显示血浆CST水平与BNP水平呈显著正相关(r=0.38,P0.05)。结论:儿茶酚抑素水平与最敏感的心功能指标脑钠肽水平呈显著正相关,提示其可作为诊断或排除心力衰竭的新的生化标志物。     

老年慢性心力衰竭患者血清半乳糖凝集素3、B型脑钠肽水平变化及意义

目的:探讨老年慢性心力衰竭患者(CHF)血清半乳糖凝集素3(Gal-3)、B型脑钠肽(BNP)的水平变化及其对CHF的辅助诊断价值。方法:90例老年CHF患者为CHF组,按照性别、年龄配伍原则,选择同期心功能正常的90例老年人作为对照组,回顾性分析2组血清Gal-3、BNP水平变化,并对CHF组血清Gal-3与BNP水平进行相关性分析及心功能分层分析。结果:CHF组治疗前BNP Gal-3显著高于对照组[(878.5±87.3 vs 72.8±15.2)pg/m L、(30.3±5.9 vs 6.2±1.5)ng/m L,均P0.01],治疗14 d后观察组血清BNP、Gal-3水平显著下降,但仍明显高于对照组[(204.3±42.9 vs 72.8±15.2)pg/m L、(9.3±2.1 vs 6.2±1.5)ng/m,均P0.01]。治疗前不同心功能分级组患者血清BNP、Gal-3水平差异有统计学意义(均P0.05),伴随NYHA心功能分级提高,BNP、Gal-3水平逐渐提高,BNP与Gal-3水平呈显著正相关(均P0.01),二者对CHF诊断效能分别为0.832(95%CI 0.761~0.903)、0.835(95%CI 0.767~0.903)。结论:老年CHF患者血清BNP与Gal-3水平均显著升高,二者与心功能分级呈同向变化,对CHF均具有较高的辅助诊断价值。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.