深圳警察各警种生活质量的比较研究

目的:探讨深圳不同警种警察生活质量的差异。方法:对17个警种的6107名警察进行生活质量综合评定问卷(GQOLI-74)调查。结果:各警种间在生活质量量表的四个维度中的差异均有显著性(P<0.01)。两两比较发现戒毒警除了物质生活维度外,其他维度分比各警种都高(P<0.05)。政保警察客观心理指标低于相关的八个警种(P<0.05)。刑警在主观心理维度上得分也低于机关、户政、消防和戒毒警(P<0.05)。巡警在物质生活维度上表现出相歧的评分特点,即客观分上比许多警种得分低,而在主观上得分又比许多警种为高(P<0.05)。主观物质生活维度分高的还有技侦和特警(P<0.05)。文章对此结果及其意义进行了讨论。结论:不同警种警察的生活质量存在一定差异,有其自身的特点。生活质量与心理健康的关系,要综合警察的其他各种因素共同考虑和调整。     

Exercise capacity,cardiovascular and metabolic risk of the sample of German police officers in a descriptive international comparison

Background: The police force has the mandate to protect citizens and enforce the law for public safety. Employment in the police force is recognized as a dangerous occupation and characterized by job-related physical hazards. Therefore, good health and adequate physical condition are necessary. This study aimed to determine cardiovascular, cardiorespiratory, and metabolic risk parameters of German police officers (POs) in comparison to POs from other nations.Methods: 55 male police officers from Germany participated in the survey. We examined anthropometric measurements, cardiovascular/metabolic risk factors and blood parameters. Additionally, we calculated 10-year cardiovascular risk using the Framingham Risk Score. The diagnosis of metabolic syndrome bases on the criteria of the International Diabetes Federation. We assessed cardiorespiratory status by exercise spirometry.Results: The analyzed group of POs demonstrated a high prevalence of pre obesity (BMI: 28.0±3.2 kg/m², waist circumference: 97.8±12.4 cm). 61.8 % of POs showed an increased waist circumference. POs showed high prevalence of abnormal values of triglyceride (n: 24, 43,6%), and systolic (n: 29, 52,7%) and diastolic (n: 27, 49%) blood pressure. The average 10-year cardiovascular risk (by Framingham) was classified as moderate (9.6 ± 7.4 %). 32 % (n: 18) of POs in our study group were diagnosed with metabolic syndrome. Maximal relative oxygen uptake of POs was 34.1 ± 8.0 ·ml/kg^-1 ·min^-1.Conclusions: To our knowledge, this study was one of the first to assess data on cardiovascular health, metabolic syndrome and cardiorespiratory status of police officers in Germany. The results of our study demonstrated an increased cardiovascular and metabolic risk and decreased cardiorespiratory fitness in German police officers. The present study results underline the need to implement health-promoting interventions and concepts like corporate sports activities or nutrition courses to counteract cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors. We have to reduce the subsequent development of cardiovascular and metabolic disease in this occupational group.     

年轻警察卡特尔16种人格因素测验调查

目的了解年轻警察的人格状况。方法采用卡特尔16种人格因素测验（16FP）对年轻警察进行个性特征测试。结果年轻警察M、O、Q1、Q4因素的均分显著高于对照组（P〈0.05）,心理不健康者占总数的25.00%,被试总体85.00%没有成就、70.00%无创造力、15.00%从事专业或训练成功的可能性很小。结论应当采取必要的措施,加强对年轻警察的心理干预,强化个性心理素质和心理健康训练。     

老年抑郁症的心理社会因素研究

目的:探讨老年抑郁症的心理社会因素.方法:按CCMD-3心境障碍抑郁发作诊断标准,收集33例60岁以上首次发作的患者(抑郁组),32名健康老年人(对照组).采用生活事件量表、艾森克问卷、简易智力状态检查表和社会支持评定量表等,进行测评分析.结果:抑郁组与对照组精神疾病家族史(分别为5例/0例,χ2=5.253,P=0.022)、现患躯体疾病(16例/6例,χ2=6.415,P=0.011)、血管危险因素(10例/3例,χ2=4.447,P=0.035)和长期困境(19例/3例,χ2=14.437,P=0.000)的差异有显著性,而抑郁组MMSE总分26.2±2.3低于对照组27.3±0.8(t=2.552,P=0.015).抑郁组负性生活事件分值17.9±15.0低于对照组10.7±7.8(t=2.42,P=0.019);抑郁组社交问题分值3.5±6.9高于对照组1.2±3.8(u=1.982,P=0.047).抑郁组社会支持总分39.5±6.8低于对照组42.9±4.2(t =2.434,P=0.018);抑郁组对支持的利用度5.9±2.7低于对照组8.4±1.6(u=3.844,P=0.000).抑郁组神经质分60.0±8.8高于对照组51.7±4.9(t=4.737,P=0.000);抑郁组与对照组的神经质个性(24例/3例,χ2=26.851,P=0.000)的差异有显著性.结论:慢性应激、高度神经质和认知功能损害严重是老年抑郁症的重要危险因素.     

Life Event Exposure, Physiological Reactivity, and Psychological Strain

The study tested the prediction that the experience of life events would be reflected in greater autonomic reactivity and that this might play a moderating role between reported stress and psychological symptoms. Eighty-seven undergraduates were screened with a life events scale and thirty-nine were allocated to three groups representing high, medium, and low life event scores. The General Health Questionnaire, Profile of Mood States, the Spielberger Trait Anxiety Scale, and the Marlowe–Crowne Scale were administered. Electrodermal activity and heart rate were recorded during an habituation series of tones and a digit–symbol substitution task. The groups differed both on the GHQ and the POMS and, also, in their physiological responses to the tones. Unexpectedly, the high life event group, compared to the other groups, appeared to display smaller physiological responses. The cognitive task resulted in elevated physiological activity but no consistent group differences. Cardiovascular reactivity moderated the relationship between life event scores and reported distress. These findings are discussed in relation to theories of psychophysiological adaptation to negative events.     

慢性乙型肝炎患者生存质量与压力的相关性研究

目的描述慢性乙型肝炎患者的生存质量和压力、健康危险性压力发生率的总体情况,并探讨慢性乙肝患者的生存质量与压力的相关性。方法采用横断面调查和方便抽样方法,应用中文版世界卫生组织生存质量量表简表（WHOQOL-BREF）、慢性肝病问卷（CLDQ）和中文版知觉心理压力量表（CPSS）调查162名慢性乙肝患者（观察组）,并与108名正常人（对照组）进行比较。结果观察组在WHOQOL-BREF的生理领域、心理领域和社会关系领域的得分较对照组低（P〈0.01）。观察组的压力和健康危险性压力发生率在CPSS的得分较对照组高（P〈0.01,P〈0.05）。观察组的生存质量在WHOQOL-BREF的4个领域和CLDQ的6个维度的得分均与压力呈显著负相关（P〈0.01）。结论慢性乙肝患者的生存质量较差,压力和健康危险性压力发生率较高;慢性乙肝患者的生存质量与压力呈负相关。     

早期及时的心理疏导对产后抑郁患者生活质量的影响

目的:探讨早期心理疏导对产后抑郁患者的生活质量改善作用。方法:选择2014年10月—2015年3月收治的433例产后并发抑郁的妇女作为研究对象,根据患者意愿分为干预组213例(产后1周开始定期给予心理疏导交流,每周1次,持续1~3个月)、对照组220例(因各种原因未能接受心理疏导),对比两组的抑郁、生活质量改善情况。结果:干预前,干预组的汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)评分、生活质量评估(SF-36)各维度评分与对照组差异无统计学意义(P0.05),干预1个月、3个月后,干预组患者的HAMD评分均显著的低于同期对照组患者,差异具有统计学意义(t=2.9641,3.022;P0.05);干预3个月后,干预组患者的生理职能、情感职能、活力、社会功能、精神情况、总体健康评分均显著的高于同期对照组患者,差异具有统计学意义(t=2.716,2.558,2.391,3.022,2.816;P0.05)。结论:早期心理疏导对产后抑郁患者的抑郁情况、生活质量具有显著的改善作用。     

抑郁症患者抑郁水平、生活质量与自杀风险关系

目的:探讨抑郁症患者的抑郁水平、生活质量和自杀风险之间的关系。方法:采用一般状况调查问卷、简明国际神经精神访谈(M.I.N.I)、贝克抑郁自评问卷(BDI)和健康状况调查问卷(SF-36)对山东省某医院210例抑郁症患者进行调查。结果:1重度抑郁组自杀风险高于轻中度抑郁组(t=9.793,P0.01),在生活质量及各维度上,重度抑郁组低于轻中度抑郁组(t=-9.413~-2.746,P0.01),差异有统计学意义;2自杀风险与抑郁水平存在正相关(r=0.665,P0.01),与生活质量及生理机能、躯体疼痛、一般健康、精力、社会功能、精神健康等维度呈负相关(r=-0.590~-0.420,P0.01);3中介效应检验表明,生活质量在抑郁水平和自杀风险之间起部分中介作用,中介效应为21.0%。结论:抑郁症患者的抑郁水平和生活质量均能预测其自杀风险,生活质量是抑郁水平预测自杀风险的部分中介因素。     

The effects of Neuroticism and Extraversion on cardiovascular reactivity during a mental and an emotional stress task

Evidence suggests that physiological reactivity to mental and emotional stress may be influenced by personality traits.ObjectivesThis study aimed to examine the relationship between, emotionally based personality traits, Neuroticism (N) and Extraversion (E), and cardiovascular reactivity (CVR) during mental arithmetic (MA) and anger recall (AR).MethodsHeart rate, blood pressure, cardiac output and total peripheral resistance were measured in 114 Singaporean male patrol officers from the Singapore Police Force while they performed MA and AR tasks. N and E were assessed using the NEO PI-R.ResultsHigher N was associated with lower DBP and TPRI reactivity during MA as compared to lower N, but higher TPRI reactivity during AR. Lower E scores were associated with heightened CVR while higher E scores were associated with lower CVR. For SBP and HR, E was associated with a reduction in reactivity across tasks; whereas, for DBP and TPRI this reduction was found only during AR.ConclusionIn this population, N had differential effects on CVR depending upon the nature of the stress task, cognitive or emotional. However, higher E was consistently linked to lower CVR during stress tasks and appeared to influence how individuals express and cope with anger.     

Black Lives and the Police

Introduction: Protests and the call to action in the aftermath of the deaths of Black citizens at the hands of police officers have reawakened the consciousness of American society on policing and the need for reforms. Racism in policing has a long history dating back to slave patrols following the Civil War. Criminal anti Black police behavior violates the police oath to “protect and defend” all individuals. Materials and methods: This forum was convened to gain a better appreciation for the challenges of community policing and patterns of violence against Black citizens. Members of the forum including police leaders and legal authorities were presented with a series of questions related to various aspects of policing including training of police officers, how their units would have responded to the recent episodes of police violence against Black people, and what are the legal arguments for victims and police officers accused of excessive use of force? The panel deliberated and discussed remedies for reimagining and reforming policing to prevent excessive use of force that leads to repetitive patterns of loss of life in communities of color. Conclusion: The forum panel concluded that reimagining policing especially at the community level will require multiple strategies that must include recruitment of a diverse group of police officers who can better represent their communities and society. As important, is better screening, testing and vetting of applicants to the police academy to route out those individuals who may demonstrate the potential for adverse behaviors antithetical to the police oath to protect and defend all people regardless of race and/or ethnicity.     

警察职业倦怠研究

目的调查356名警察职业倦怠情况。方法采用个别施测和集体施测相结合的方法,选用李超平教授在国内修订的MBI-GS对320名警察进行调查。结果1警察在情感衰竭维度上达严重水平,特别是女性警察、警龄较长的警察和高学历警察,但在整体警察的成就感维度上获得分值较高;2男性警察在玩世不恭维度上显著高于女性;3未婚警察在玩世不恭维度上显著高于已婚警察;4高学历警察在情感衰竭和成就感维度上显著高于低学历警察。结论以MBI-GS为工具对警察的职业倦怠状况进行研究,警察在倦怠3个维度上的得分中表明成就感较高,情绪衰竭水平较严重。     

Post-traumatic stress symptoms in an elite unit of Brazilian police officers: prevalence and impact on psychosocial functioning and on physical and mental health

BACKGROUND: Frequent exposure to traumatic situations put police officers under an increased risk for developing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The goals of this study were to determine the current prevalence of post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) in Brazilian police officers and to compare groups with and without PTSS in terms of associated morbidity. METHODS: Police officers from an elite unit (n=157) were asked to fill out a socio-demographic questionnaire, the 12-item General Health Questionnaire and the Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist-Civilian Version. The latter's scores were used to establish the diagnoses of "full PTSD" and of "partial PTSD". RESULTS: Prevalence rates of "full PTSD" and "partial PTSD" were 8.9% and 16%, respectively. Compared with the "no PTSD" group, police officers with "full PTSD" were five times more likely to be divorced (21.6% vs. 4.3%, p=0.008), felt that their physical health was poorer (64.3% vs. 6%, p<0.001), had more medical consultations during the last 12 months [2.00 (+/-1.62) vs. 1.09 (+/-1.42), p=0.03] and reported more often lifetime suicidal ideation (35.7% vs. 5.2%, p=0.002). LIMITATIONS: The sample was relatively small. A screening tool was employed instead of a semi-structured interview. The cross-sectional design is unsuitable for ascertaining cause-effect relations. CONCLUSIONS: PTSD prevalence in our sample was comparable to those reported for North American and Dutch policemen. The presence of "full PTSD" was associated with evidences of considerable morbidity. These findings may contribute to the development of effective policies aimed at the prevention and treatment of PTSD in law enforcement agents.     

Relationships among Negative Life Events,Physiological Reactivity,and Health Symptomatology

Abstract

College undergraduates classified as high (n = 25) and low (n = 25) on recent life stress participated in an experiment involving a novel laboratory stressor. Heart rate and pulse arrival time (PAT) were measured during baseline, anticipation, testing, and recovery periods of the experiment. The results did not replicate those obtained by Pardine and Napoli¹ in that high and low life stress subjects did not show differential physiological reactions. In addition, regression analyses failed to demonstrate that physiological reactivity moderated the relationship between life stress and subsequent self-reported psychiatric or physical health symptomatology. The present findings demonstrated neither the stressbuffering effects of physiological reactivity nor a relationship between life stress and reactivity when the latter was conceptualized as an outcome.     

Readjustment,Desirability, Expectedness,Mastery and Outcome Dimensions of Life Stress Suicide Attempt and Auto-Accident

Abstract

One hundred and fifty suicide at tempters, 100 auto-accident drivers and 200 controls were compared using recent life event stress dimensions of readjustment, desirability, expectedness, mastery and outcome. Each of the 13 weighted (LCU ratings according to modified SRRS) and unweighted measures markedly differentiated between attempters and controls, and attempters and drivers. Although the accident sample also was identified from the controls, the differences were marginal if suspected autocide attempters were excluded from the sample. Event undesirability and outcome undesirability measures were slightly superior, although the separating capacity was the same order of magnitude for each of the 13 scales. The weighted SRRS versions did not add any effective information in identifying the different samples.     

腹腔镜胆囊切除对患者生存质量与医疗效率影响的研究

目的比较腹腔镜手术（LC）与开腹手术（OC）行胆囊切除术的患者生存质量的差异，阐析腹腔镜手术的医疗效率。方法采用GIQI生存质量指标测定40例腹腔镜胆囊切除术及40例开腹胆囊切除术患者在术前及术后2、5、10、16周的生存质量值。结果LC组和OC组术前平均GLQI指数分别为110分和109分（P〉0.05）。Lc组患者术后2周时的GLQI指数为108分，下降不明显（P〉0.05），手术5周以后，GLQI指数和主观症状、躯体生理功能状态、心理情绪状态各方面均显著高于术前（P〈0．05）。OC组患者术后2周时GLQI指数为101分，降幅明显（P〈0．05），术后5周时GLQI指数为108分，恢复至术前水平（P〉0．05），手术10周以后，GLQI指数和上述3项分值均明显超出术前水平（P〈0．05）。手术10周内，LC组GLQI指数显著高于OC组（P〈0．05）。结论腹腔镜胆囊切除手术较开腹手术更有利于患者术后恢复，能提高生活质量和医疗效率。     

Are Life Stress and Social Support Related to Parity in Women?

Abstract

Although an increased risk of coronary heart disease has been demonstrated among women with high gravidity/parity, the mechanism by which this association may be mediated is unclear: One possible pathway that has been suggested is that pregnancy and child rearing may result in changes in factors such as stress or lifestyle. This hypothesis was tested in a sample of 541 middle-aged women who participated in a prospective study of the effects of menopause on behavioral and biological cardiovascular risk factors. Married women generally reported less chronic stress, less perceived stress, and more structural support than did unmarried women. However, the findings in this study indicated no consistent relationship between parity and stress or parity and social support in this group of middle-aged women. Only unmarried women with more children reported a higher number of life events than did women with fewer children.     

新疆兵团公安民警生活事件与心理健康的相关分析

目的了解新疆兵团公安民警生活事件与心理健康水平的相关。方法采用症状自评量表（SCL-90）、SAS、SDS和LES,对公安民警进行心理健康水平的调查和生活事件相关因子的分析。结果①生活事件的频度和强度与公安民警的总体心理健康水平及多数因子相关,有些因子呈正相关,有些呈负相关,P〈0．05;②生活事件的频度和强度与公安民警的SDS呈正相关,P〈0．05;生活事件的强度与SAS呈正相关,P〈0．05。结论生活事件影响公安民警的心理健康水平。     

精神科三班倒护士与非三班倒护士生活质量比较研究

目的 调查精神科三班倒护士的工作压力状况及对生活质量的影响.方法 选择77名精神科三班倒护士作为研究组,73名非三班倒护士作为对照组.对其工作压力和相关情况及生活质量进行调查,比较两组护士工作压力的程度及生活质量的状况,探索影响三班倒护士工作压力及生活质量的因素.结果 研究组护士在护士工作压力量表的5个压力源维度中,护...     

酒依赖患者生活质量的调查分析

目的 了解酒依赖患者的生活质量状况及其情感体验.方法 对42例酒依赖患者和42例健康者分别应用生活质量综合评定量表、抑郁自评量表(SDS)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)进行评定.结果 酒依赖组生活质量中除物资生活外其它得分均显著低于健康对照组,SDS和SAS得分均显著高于健康对照组.G生活质量I-74各因子分比较:除物资生活维度的社区服务、生活环境、经济状况无差异外,其他方面均差于健康对照组.结论 酒依赖患者的生活质量明显下降,负性情感体验严重.     

Risk of Cerebro-Cardiovascular Diseases among Police Officers and Firefighters: A Nationwide Retrospective Cohort Study

PurposePolice officers and firefighters are exposed to risk factors for cerebro-cardiovascular diseases, and the actual risk is expected to increase compared with other occupational groups. The present study aimed to estimate the risks of cerebro-cardiovascular diseases in police officers and firefighters compared to other occupational groups.Materials and MethodsUsing the National Health Insurance Service data, we constructed a retrospective cohort of public officers. Three-year consecutive health insurance registration data were used to identify police officers and firefighters. Cerebro-cardiovascular diseases consisted of acute myocardial infarction, other ischemic heart disease, cardiac arrhythmia, and stroke. We compared the incidences of cerebro-cardiovascular diseases between each of the two occupational groups (police officers and firefighters) and other public officers by calculating standardized incidence ratios (SIRs).ResultsSIRs and 95% confidence intervals of all cerebro-cardiovascular diseases for police officers and firefighters were 1.71 (1.66–1.76) and 1.22 (1.12–1.31), respectively, as compared with all public officers. The incidence ratios remained significantly higher compared to general and education officers. Subgroup analyses for myocardial infarction, stroke, and cardiac arrhythmia exhibited significant increases in incidence ratios among police officers and firefighters.ConclusionThis study suggests that both police officers and firefighters are at high risk of cerebro-cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, medical protection measures for these occupational groups should be improved.