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目的分析湖北省武汉市大学生新型冠状病毒肺炎(coronavirus disease 2019,COVID-19)疫情期间戴口罩的行为状况和影响因素。方法于2020年2月5-9日分层整群抽取武汉市2所大学的学生,用自行设计的问卷进行网络电子问卷调查。用SPSS 22.0软件进行统计分析,包括χ2检验,多元Logistic回归分析。结果共调查了3 966名大学生,86.94%的大学生能够每次出门戴口罩,其中女生(88.93%)高于男生(83.91%)。多元Logistic回归分析显示,影响大学生每次出门戴口罩行为的因素是性别、专业、年级、家庭所在地、调查时所在地和调查时对居住地疫情的了解情况。其中,女生(与男生比较,OR=1.597,95%CI:1.264~2.016)、大四及以上年级(与大一比较,OR=1.392,95%CI:1.025~1.890)、居住在城市(与农村比较,OR=3.394,95%CI:2.727~4.225)的学生每次出门戴口罩的比例更高,而医学类专业(与人文社科类比较,OR=0.740,95%CI:0.559~0.981)、填表时未在武汉(与在武汉市比较,湖北省内其他地区OR=0.401,95%CI:0.257~0.627;湖北相邻省OR=0.265,95%CI:0.157~0.447;其他地区OR=0.485,95%CI:0.303~0.777)和对居住地疫情不清楚(与已知居住地有感染患者的学生相比,OR=0.683,95%CI:0.495~0.941)的学生每次出门戴口罩的比例更低。结论 COVID-19疫情期间,武汉地区大学生绝大部分能够坚持每次出门戴口罩;多种因素影响大学生出门戴口罩行为,相关部门和学校可采取积极干预策略,宣传普及科学防护知识。 相似文献
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2020年伊始,新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情从武汉蔓延,席卷全国。新型冠状病毒肺炎是一种具有极强传染性的疾病。全国中小学及幼儿园都延迟开学,大部分小区实行管控,限制外出,孩子们正在经历一个超长的寒假。在这个特殊时期,如何做好儿童的防护工作,让我们的孩子免于感染或者降低孩子感染发生的风险呢? 相似文献
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目的了解新型冠状病毒肺炎流行期间公众心理健康状况及其影响因素。方法采用结构化问卷,通过网络平台对研究对象进行问卷调查。其中,公众心理健康状况采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)进行评估。利用Logistic回归分析探讨相关影响因素。结果调查纳入分析1078份合格问卷,其中SCL-90量表评分阳性人数252人(23.38%)。各单因子中阳性率最高的为焦虑41.28%,其次为恐怖35.16%、抑郁33.21%,阳性率最低的为偏执13.45%。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,来自武汉市(OR=1.64,P=0.014)、男性(OR=1.37,P=0.036)、医学相关职业或专业(OR=1.57,P=0.008)、对疫情很关注(OR=2.19,P=0.013)及认识的人有疑似或确诊病例(OR=2.75,P<0.001)均是影响公众心理健康状况的危险因素。结论新型冠状病毒肺炎流行期间公众心理健康问题较为严重,尤其是武汉市人群。此外,男性群体、医学相关职业或专业、亲朋出现病例的人群最需要关注自身心理健康问题。政府应加大心理健康知识宣传力度,以有效预防上述人群心理疾病的发生发展。 相似文献
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目的 了解新型冠状病毒肺炎(简称新冠肺炎)流行期间高校学生焦虑状况及其影响因素,为高校学生进行心理疏导提供参考依据。 方法 采用方便抽样于2020年2月16—20日对高校学生进行网络调查,内容主要包括:新冠肺炎基本知识、个人防护行为情况、新冠肺炎相关影响态度、广泛性焦虑障碍量表(GAD-7)。 结果 共有效调查1 100名高校学生,平均年龄(22.5 ± 2.5)岁,以华南地区学生为主(占37.8%)。焦虑情绪检出率为 38.4%,其中轻度、中度和重度焦虑情绪检出率分别为22.5%、10.5%、5.4%。多因素分析结果显示担心从疫情重点地区返校受歧视(OR=2.535)、担心学业进度落后(OR=2.304)、担心返校后与疫情重点地区学生同宿舍(OR=1.531)、对本校应急管理工作不满意(OR=1.793)、毕业班学生(OR=1.452)、文科类学生(OR=1.876)产生焦虑情绪的可能性更高。 结论 新冠肺炎流行期间高校学生有一定程度的焦虑状况。学校应重视疫情期间学生心理健康问题,加强应急管理工作,做好学生的心理疏导,防范校园的地域歧视问题,科学、合理安排好学生的返校与复课,最大程度维护学生的身心健康。 相似文献
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《Vaccine》2021,39(16):2295-2302
BackgroundMultiple candidates of COVID-19 vaccines have entered Phase III clinical trials in the United States (US). There is growing optimism that social distancing restrictions and face mask requirements could be eased with widespread vaccine adoption soon.MethodsWe developed a dynamic compartmental model of COVID-19 transmission for the four most severely affected states (New York, Texas, Florida, and California). We evaluated the vaccine effectiveness and coverage required to suppress the COVID-19 epidemic in scenarios when social contact was to return to pre-pandemic levels and face mask use was reduced. Daily and cumulative COVID-19 infection and death cases from 26th January to 15th September 2020 were obtained from the Johns Hopkins University Coronavirus resource center and used for model calibration.ResultsWithout a vaccine (scenario 1), the spread of COVID-19 could be suppressed in these states by maintaining strict social distancing measures and face mask use levels. But relaxing social distancing restrictions to the pre-pandemic level without changing the current face mask use would lead to a new COVID-19 outbreak, resulting in 0.8–4 million infections and 15,000–240,000 deaths across these four states over the next 12 months. Under this circumstance, introducing a vaccine (scenario 2) would partially offset this negative impact even if the vaccine effectiveness and coverage are relatively low. However, if face mask use is reduced by 50% (scenario 3), a vaccine that is only 50% effective (weak vaccine) would require coverage of 55–94% to suppress the epidemic in these states. A vaccine that is 80% effective (moderate vaccine) would only require 32–57% coverage to suppress the epidemic. In contrast, if face mask usage stops completely (scenario 4), a weak vaccine would not suppress the epidemic, and further major outbreaks would occur. A moderate vaccine with coverage of 48–78% or a strong vaccine (100% effective) with coverage of 33–58% would be required to suppress the epidemic. Delaying vaccination rollout for 1–2 months would not substantially alter the epidemic trend if the current non-pharmaceutical interventions are maintained.ConclusionsThe degree to which the US population can relax social distancing restrictions and face mask use will depend greatly on the effectiveness and coverage of a potential COVID-19 vaccine if future epidemics are to be prevented. Only a highly effective vaccine will enable the US population to return to life as it was before the pandemic. 相似文献
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We propose an SIR epidemic model taking into account prevention measures against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) such as wearing masks and respecting safety distances. We look for the conditions to avoid a second epidemic peak in the phase of release from confinement. We derive equations for the critical levels of mask efficiency, mask adoption (fraction of population wearing masks) and fraction of population engaging in physical distancing that lower the basic reproduction number ℜ0 to unity. Conclusions: For ℜ0 = 2.5, if at least 40% of people wear masks with efficiency 50%, and at least 20% of the population without masks (or anti-maskers) respect physical distancing measures, the effective reproduction number can be reduced to less than 1 and COVID-19 infections would plummet. The model predicts also that if at least half of the people respecting physical distancing, COVID-19 outbreaks with ℜ0 of about 3, would be theoretically extinguished without wearing masks. The results of this study provide an alternative explanation for the spread of the disease, and suggest some valuable policy recommendations about the control strategies applied to mitigate disease transmission. 相似文献
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目的 了解民众在新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情中的心理状况特点及规律,为心理干预和防护提供实践指导。方法 采用网络在线调研方法,对当前新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情下民众心理状态进行调查。结果 2020年1月24日—2月1日,全国所有省、自治区、直辖市共发放心理调查问卷36 799份,回收36 636份有效问卷,回收有效率为99.56%。58.5%的民众认为传染病对人类的危害最大,99.0%的民众认为此次疫情引起了社会的恐慌、紧张与害怕,24.3%的民众在疫情发展过程中出现睡眠问题,55.5%的民众认为人与人之间的戒备心增强,9.7%的民众认为人与人之间缺乏信赖。结论 疫情发生后,民众认知出现明显偏差,恐慌和紧张情绪明显,人际关系较为紧张,自我防护意识和行为明显加强。因此,在心理健康维护时应充分考虑到民众的焦虑恐慌心态以及认知偏差,国家在疫情发展时应及时公布真实透明的疫情信息,加强舆论导向宣传作用。 相似文献
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本指南规定了各级教育机构的管理要求、场所卫生操作及个人防护,适用于新型冠状病毒肺炎期间这类场所的统一规范防控。 相似文献