输精管结扎术用于预防和治疗前列腺增生的实验研究

目的 :探讨输精管及输精管静脉结扎用于预防和治疗良性前列腺增生 (BPH)的可能性及有效率。　方法 :取 5～ 6岁龄雄性杂交犬 4 0只 ,随机分为A、B、C、D 4组 ,每组 10只 ,其中A、B两组喂混合饲料制成BPH模型 ,C、D两组喂普通饲料 ,2年后将A、C两组犬的双侧输精管连同输精管静脉结扎 ,B、D两组犬仅解剖显露输精管 ,但不结扎。继续原方法饲养 2年后将 4 0只犬处死解剖出前列腺称重 ,测量体积 ,然后分组取材制片 ,观察组织学改变。　结果 :A、C两组及B、D两组前列腺重量及体积相比较 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 1)。A、C两组前列腺组织切片呈退行性变而B、D两组呈增生性改变。　结论 :在BPH前行输精管及输精管静脉结扎可减轻犬在老年期的BPH ;在增生后结扎可使犬前列腺组织发生不同程度的萎缩     

1470 nm半导体激光前列腺汽化剜除术对良性前列腺增生患者勃起功能及盆底肌力的影响观察

目的:对1470 nm半导体激光前列腺汽化剜除术与等离子电切术对良性前列腺增生患者性功能及盆底肌力的影响进行分析和研究. 方法:回顾性分析2017年7月至2019年7月我院收治的72例良性前列腺增生手术患者的临床资料,按手术方式分为A组与B组,各36例.A组采用经尿道前列腺等离子电切术,B组则采用1470nm半导体激光...     

KLF6通过上调TGF-β1诱导静脉内皮细胞endoglin,P-selectin表达,引发血小板粘附、聚集,促进TDVT形成的实验研究

[目的]研究创伤性深静脉血栓形成早期,大鼠静脉内皮细胞KLF6、TGF-β1表达上调,诱导Endog-lin、P-selectin表达,引发血小板粘附、活化、聚集,促进血栓形成的作用。[方法]将50只SD大鼠随机分为A组(对照组)、B组(血栓形成前组,创伤后2.5 h)、C组(血栓形成组,创伤后25 h)、D组(血栓不形成组,创伤后25 h),采用股静脉钳夹联合下肢石膏制动构建大鼠TDVT模型。不同时间点解剖股静脉观测血栓的发生率及严重程度。分离血管内皮,先采用Genechip Rat Genome 230 2.0基因芯片检测静脉内皮细胞中的基因表达变化,然后采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(real-time PCR)验证股静脉内皮中KLF6、Endoglin、TGF-β1、P-selectin表达;再对上述基因进行Pathway等生物信息学分析。[结果]C组大鼠(血栓形成)17例,D组大鼠(血栓未形成)13例,解剖发现C组内皮损伤较D组严重。基因芯片分析及real-time PCR结果均提示:创伤后2.5 h,KLF6,TGF-β1、Endoglin、P-selectin表达上调(Ratio值>2),B组高...     

膀胱癌合并前列腺增生经尿道同期电切术30例分析

目的　探讨同期行经尿道膀胱肿瘤加前列腺电切术治疗膀胱癌合并前列腺增生症患者的可行性及疗效。方法　回顾分析30例膀胱癌并前列腺增生患者的手术方法。 18例同期行经尿道膀胱肿瘤加前列腺电切术 (A组 ) ;12例单纯行经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术 (B组 )。结果　随访 4～ 6 0个月 ,A组有 10例术后复发 ,异位复发 6例 (占 6 0 % ) ,无尿道、前列腺窝及膀胱造瘘口的转移或种植。B组 7例复发 ,异位复发 5例 (70 .1% ) ,3例随访期内因前列腺增生症再行经尿道前列腺电切术。结论　膀胱肿瘤合并前列腺增生患者同期行经尿道电切术 ,在切除肿瘤后应用Ellick吸除器吸尽切下膀胱内组织后再切除增生的前列腺组织 ,可以减少膀胱内肿瘤细胞种植机会 ,缩短住院时间 ,提高疗效     

经尿道前列腺电切术与经尿道前列腺剜除加腹部小切口术治疗大体积前列腺增生的疗效比较

目的 探讨经尿道前列腺剜除加腹部小切口腺体取出来治疗大体积前列腺增生是否存在优势.方法 选取体积大于80ml前列腺增生患者160例,随机分成A、B两组,每组80例,A组行经尿道前列腺剜除加腹部小切口腺体取出术.B组行经尿道前列腺电切术.分别比较二组手术时间、出血量、并发症发生情况和术后排尿情况. 结果 A组与B组的手术时间分别为58±16 min、135±17min,出血量为89±23nl,189±21.5ml.A组无一例发生前列腺电切综合征(TURS);B组4例出现程度不等TURS,上述项目经统计学处理,两组差异有显著意义(P＜0.05).结论 经尿道腔内剜除加下腹小切口腺体取出术结合了微创及开放手术的优势,在不明显增加创伤情况下,缩短了手术时间,减少术中出血和腺体残留,是治疗大体积前列腺增生的实用方法,有较好的临床推广意义的.     

表浅膀胱癌合并前列腺增生经尿道同期电切术的临床观察

目的探讨同期行经尿道膀胱肿瘤加前列腺电切术治疗表浅膀胱癌合并前列腺增生的可行性及疗效。方法65例表浅膀胱癌并前列腺增生患者，31例同期行经尿道膀胱肿瘤加前列腺电切术（A组）；34例单纯行经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术（B组）。比较两组膀胱癌复发率、复发时间、复发肿瘤升级率及前列腺部尿道种植率。结果所有患者均获随访，平均18.9（12-38）个月。复发时间A组平均15.8月，B组平均13.7月。A、B组术后复发率、复发肿瘤升级率及前列腺尿道种植率分别为35.5%vs 41.2%，27.3%vs 21.4%，3.2%vs 2.9%，组间比较无显著性差异（P〉0.05）。结论同期行经尿道膀胱肿瘤加前列腺电切术治疗表浅膀胱癌合并前列腺增生是一种安全、有效的治疗方法，不增加前列腺窝种植的风险，对膀胱癌术后复发无影响。     

高频能量发生器前列腺电切术治疗良性前列腺增生

目的:探讨高频能量发生器(HFG)前列腺电切术治疗良性前列腺增生(BPH)的临床应用。方法:72例BPH患者根据术式分为2组,36例行HFG前列腺电切术,冲洗液为0.9%生理盐水;36例行经尿道前列腺电切术(TURP),冲洗液为5%葡萄糖溶液。统计每例患者术前术后血红蛋白(Hb),中心静脉压(CVP)的变化及手术时间。术后随访2周、6个月,观察国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)、最大尿流率(Qmax)和前列腺体积的变化。结果:两组之间CVP、手术时间、术后2周IPSS和Qmax的差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。不同治疗组治疗前后Hb变化、IPSS变化和Qmax变化的差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:HFG前列腺电切术操作简便,其更高的切割效率,使术中基本无出血,采用等渗生理盐水为灌洗液,杜绝了电切综合症(TURS)的发生。HFG前列腺电切术是TURP的改良升级,对于快速解除膀胱出口梗阻、治疗BPH患者安全有效。     

同期行经尿道电切术治疗膀胱癌并前列腺增生的临床观察

目的：探讨膀胱癌并前列腺增生患者同期行经尿道膀胱肿瘤加前列腺电切术的可行性。方法：回顾性分析46例膀胱癌并前列腺增生患者的手术方法，26例同期行经尿道膀胱肿瘤加前列腺电切术（A组），20例单纯行经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术（B组）。结果：随访12－40个月，A组有3例术后复发，复发时间为术后18．4个月，无尿道及前列腺窝转移；B组有4例术后复发，复发时间为术后15．4个月，5例随访期内因前列腺增生再次行经尿道前列腺电切术。结论：膀胱肿瘤并前列腺增生患者同期行经尿道电切术可减少经费，缩短住院时间。     

比较两种前列腺电切术对良性前列腺增生患者术后性功能的影响

目的比较两种前列腺电切术对良性前列腺增生(BPH)患者术后性功能的影响。方法根据不同术式将84例BPH患者分为2组,各42例。A组行经尿道前列腺电切术(TURP),B组行经尿道双极等离子前列腺电切术(PKRP)。比较2组患者治疗前后的前列腺功能、阴茎勃起功能障碍发生率及射精情况。结果 2组治疗后的国际前列腺症状评分表(IPSS)及国际勃起功能指数评分表(IIEF-5)的评分均低于治疗前,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),但IPSS评分差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。B组治疗后的IIEF-5评分高于A组,勃起功能障碍发生率和逆行射精率低于A组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。术后6个月2组逆行射精率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 PKRP治疗BPH,对术后性功能影响小,患者生活质量高。     

前列腺体积对经尿道前列腺电切术治疗效果的影响

目的评估前列腺体积对经尿道前列腺电切术治疗效果的影响。方法回顾性分析我院2012年1月至2014年7月收治的220例行经尿道前列腺电切术患者资料,所有患者术后病理均为良性前列腺增生。根据前列腺体积将患者分为三组:A组前列腺体积(PV)40 ml,B组PV 40~80 ml,C组PV80 ml。统计所有患者术前及术后1个月国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS),生活质量评分(QOL)、最大尿流率(Qmax)、平均尿流率(Qave)、残余尿量(RUV)、前列腺特异抗原(PSA)及术后并发症等数据资料。结果 A组51例,年龄(71±10)岁;B组107例,年龄(71±9)岁;C组62例,年龄(72±7)岁。三组患者除前列腺体积外其他术前基础指标差异无统计学意义(P0.05),术中及术后并发症发生情况差异无统计学意义(P0.05),术后排尿情况较术前明显改善,但三组间比较,仅Q-max和Q-ave手术前后变化值差异有统计学意义(P0.05),IPSS、QOL及RUV组间比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论前列腺体积大小不是经尿道前列腺电切术并发症发生决定因素,不限制前列腺电切术适应范围,不影响主观排尿困难症状和生活质量评分,但中度前列腺增生者(PV=40~80 ml)电切术后尿流率改善更明显。     

2015年乳腺癌辅助化疗进展

【摘要】〓乳腺癌是危害我国女性健康的头号杀手,尽管近年来辅助化疗的研究进展突飞猛进,但临床中仍有不少问题未能明确,如辅助化疗的合适人群、化疗的开始时间、蒽环及紫杉类的地位和用法、强化维持治疗的作用、疗效及预后的生物标志物等。本文结合乳腺癌辅助化疗在临床上的常见问题和2015年各大乳腺癌会议阐述乳腺癌辅助化疗的最新进展。     

Alterations in T-Cell Subset Frequency in Peripheral Blood in Obesity

Background: Obesity affects the regulation of immune and inflammatory responses. This study characterizes differences in peripheral blood lymphocyte phenotype in obese humans. Methods: Frequencies of lymphocyte subsets among peripheral blood mononuclear cells were compared between 10 obese (BMI ≥35) and 10 lean subjects, as determined by antibodies directed against cluster differentiation (CD) markers. Results: Obese patients demonstrated an increased frequency of CD3+CD4+ T-cells (mean difference 12%, P=0.004), a decreased frequency of CD3+CD8+ T-cells (mean difference 9.4%, P=0.016) and an increased frequency of CD3+CD8+CD95+ T-cells (mean difference 13.3%, P=0.032). No other differences among T-cell or monocyte subsets were noted. Conclusions: Obesity is associated with alterations in frequencies of peripheral CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells and aberrations in the expression of CD95 among CD8+ T-cells. These data suggest both CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell compartments, as well as the regulation of CD95 expression on CD8+ T-cells, as targets for further study into obesity's effects on the immune system.     

西宁地区烧伤病人动脉血气分析观察

对高海拔地区的27例烧伤病人动脉血气变化进行了分析和观察。结果证明:无论是存活病人还是死亡病人伤后均存在有低氧血症问题。并且在死亡病人和烧伤合并吸入性损伤病人其低氧血症的发生早于单纯烧伤病人。提示:吸入性损伤病人应立即行气管切开术以保障氧气供给,单纯烧伤病人可常规吸氧以维持正常血 PaO_2,ARDS 均发生在合并吸入性损伤的病人,高频喷射通气技术对纠正低氧血症有一定效果。     

Controversies in Fistula in Ano

Managing a complex fistula in ano can be a daunting task for most surgeons; largely due to the two major dreaded complications—recurrence & fecal incontinence. It is important to understand the anatomy of the anal sphincters & the aetiopathological process of the disease to provide better patient care. There are quite a few controversies associated with fistula in ano & its management, which compound the difficulty in treating fistula in ano. This article attempts to clear some of those major controversies.     

β-半乳糖苷酶在体内外成骨细胞中的表达

目的 研究β—半乳糖苷酶(β—gal)在成骨细胞中的表达状况，为阐明MorquioB综合征的发病机制提供依据。方法 裸鼠各器官和骨组织标本行X-gal染色检测。抽取羊和人骨髓行骨髓基质细胞(BMSCs)培养，分为4组：I：Adv-hBMP-2转染组；Ⅱ：Adv—β—gal转染组；Ⅲ：未转染组；Ⅳ：地塞米松诱导组。分别行X-gal染色和RT-PCR检测β—gal的表达。结果 裸鼠骺板两侧、骨膜内面及松质骨的成骨细胞和破骨细胞可见多量β—gal的表达。未转染BMSCs组有少量β—gal的表达，其他3组细胞的β—gal表达增高。结论成骨细胞和破骨细胞可表达多量β—gal，该两种细胞的β—gal缺乏可能是MorquioB综合征骨骼异常的直接原因。     

Smoking-Attributable mortality in Spain in 2016

IntroductionSmoking-attributable mortality (SAM) is a valuable indicator that can be used to characterize the course and health burden of the smoking epidemic. The aim of this paper was to estimate SAM in Spain in 2016 in the population aged 35 and over, using the best available evidence.MethodsA smoking prevalence-dependent analysis based on the estimation of population-attributable fractions was performed. Smoking prevalence (never, former, and current smokers) was calculated from a combination of the Spanish Health Survey (2016) and the European Health Survey (2014); the relative risk of death among current and former smokers was taken from the follow-up of various cohorts; and mortality rates were obtained from National Center for Statistics data. SAM estimates are presented globally, and by sex, age groups, and major disease categories: cancer, cardiometabolic diseases and respiratory diseases.ResultsIn 2016, 56,124 deaths were attributed to tobacco consumption, 84% in men (47,000), and 50% in the population aged over 74 (27,795). Overall, 50% of SAM was due to cancer (28,281), 65% of which was lung cancer. One in 4 attributable deaths (13,849) occurred before the age of 65.ConclusionsOne in 7 deaths in Spain in 2016 were attributable to smoking. This estimation of SAM clearly highlights the great impact of smoking on mortality in Spain, mainly due to lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.     

MicroRNAs in hepatic pathophysiology in diabetes

MicroRNAs(miRNAs or miRs) are small approximately 22 nucleotide RNA species that are believed to regulate diverse metabolic and physiological processes.In the recent past,several reports have surfaced that demonstrate the role of miRNAs in various biological processes and numerous disease states.For a disease as complex as diabetes,the emergence of miRNAs as key regulators leading to the disease phenotype has added a novel dimension to the area of diabetes research.On the other hand,the liver,a metabolic hub,contributes in a major way towards maintaining normal glucose levels in the body as it can both stimulate and inhibit hepatic glucose output.This equilibrium is frequently disturbed in diabetes and hence,the liver assumes special significance considering the correlation between altered hepatic physiology and diabetes.While the understanding of the mechanisms behind this altered hepatic behavior is not yet completely understood,recent reports on the status and role of miRNAs in the diabetic liver have further added to the complexities of the knowledge of hepatic pathophysiology in diabetes.Here,we bring together the various miRNAs that play a role in the altered hepatic behavior during diabetes.     

Fluid-phase transcytosis in the primate epididymis in vitro and in vivo

Ligated tubules from the corpus epididymidis of men and monkeys were incubated in medium containing horseradish peroxidase (HRP) as a marker for fluid-phase endocytosis. HRP was localized by light and electron microscopy after 0, 15, 30 and 60 min of incubation. Movement between the cells was prevented by tight junctions, but bypass of this barrier was apparently achieved by an intracellular vesicular mechanism leading to a time-dependent appearance of HRP in the lumen. Uptake of HRP into basal cells and capture by the lysosomal apparatus of principal cells were also observed. HRP-filled vesicles also appeared in the basal, mid and apical cytoplasm of epithelial cells in the caput 1 h after injection of the tracer into the epididymal circulation of the monkey, suggesting that this pathway also operates in vivo.