纹眼线诱导大鼠睑板腺功能障碍模型的建立与评估

目的：建立一种通过纹眼线的方式诱导大鼠睑板腺功能障碍的模型以及研究其可能机制。

方法：选取SD大鼠40只,随机取30只大鼠右眼纹眼线后为眼线组建立睑板腺功能障碍模型,余10只不采取任何处理为正常组,分别在建模后1、2、4 wk用裂隙灯观察两组大鼠角膜形态,并计算泪膜破裂时间(BUT)、泪液分泌量(SⅠt)、角膜荧光素钠染色评分和角膜不规则评分,眼表综合分析仪检查角膜Placido环,使用共聚焦显微镜观察两组大鼠角膜组织结构,建模4 wk后完成临床指标记录后,取眼球及上下眼睑组织行病理学检查,HE染色观察睑板腺结构,PAS染色观察结膜杯状细胞情况,ORO染色观察脂滴情况。

结果：裂隙灯检查结果显示,眼线组大鼠眼睑黑色色素在位,眼睑无变形及瘢痕,角膜上皮粗糙,荧光素染色阳性,呈点片状着染,随观察时间延长加重。与正常组大鼠比较,眼线组建模后1、2、4 wk BUT明显缩短、泪液分泌量明显下降,角膜荧光素钠染色评分及角膜不规则评分均明显升高(均P<0.01)。活体共聚焦显微镜检查结果显示,眼线组大鼠角膜上皮细胞减少,出现高亮异常的细胞,基质层可见炎症细胞浸润。ORO染色结果显示眼线组大鼠脂滴减少,随观察时间增加ORO染色呈现下降趋势。HE染色结果显示黑色色素阻塞眼线组大鼠睑板腺开口,随观察时间延长睑板腺腺泡密度呈现下降趋势。PAS染色结果显示眼线组大鼠PAS染色阳性细胞数量呈现下降趋势。

结论：纹眼线可诱导睑板腺功能障碍,所用色素颗粒造成的睑板腺开口堵塞,可能是导致睑板腺功能功能障碍的重要原因。     

红外线照相技术联合活体共聚焦显微镜对轻度睑板腺功能障碍患者早期诊断价值的研究

目的　探究红外线照相技术联合活体共聚焦显微镜（in vivo confocal microscopy,IVCM）在轻度睑板腺功能障碍（meibomian gland dysfunction,MGD）患者中的诊断价值。方法　选取2018年4月至10月于我院就诊的轻度MGD患者30例（30眼）为MGD组,健康受检者17人作为健康组（均取左眼）,依次进行OSDI评分、Schirmer I试验、非侵入性泪膜破裂时间（non-invasive tear-film break-up time,NIBUT）、泪河高度(tear meniscus height,TMH)、睑板腺红外线照相及IVCM检查。IVCM主要关注睑板腺开口、腺泡形态及炎症细胞浸润情况。各项计量参数比较均用两独立样本t检验,OSDI评分对睑板腺各项指标的影响采用 Spearman 秩相关性分析。结果　两组的OSDI评分、NITBUT avg及睑板腺缺失率比较,差异均有统计学意义（均为P<0.05）。而Schirmer I试验、TMH两组间差异均无统计学意义（均为P>0.05）。MGD组睑板腺开口直径、开口面积与健康组相比差异均无统计学意义（均为P>0.05）。MGD组腺泡的最长径（92.14±12.11）μm、最短径（48.27±8.12）μm、面积（5796.67±1427.43）μm²及炎症细胞密度（550.74±80.48）个?mm^-2均高于健康组相应指标［（79.94±7.39）μm、（28.96±5.66）μm、（3129.06±353.92）μm²、（270.72±52.76）个?mm^-2］,差异均有统计学意义（均为P<0.05）。MGD组腺泡密度［（55.42±10.21）个?mm^-2］较健康组［（100.37±10.71）个?mm^-2］降低,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。OSDI评分与睑板腺腺泡最大直径（r=0.352,P<0.015）、最小直径（r=0.602,P<0.05）、腺泡面积（r=0.652,P<0.05）及结膜炎症细胞密度（r=0.733,P<0.05）均呈显著正相关,与睑板腺腺泡密度呈显著负相关（r=-0.780,P＜0.05）,而与睑板腺开口直径、开口面积均无相关性（均为P＞0.05）。结论　红外线照相技术联合IVCM可帮助解释MGD的病理生理过程。IVCM对轻度MGD的早期诊断具有一定意义。     

睑板腺功能障碍患者睑缘形态与睑板腺形态学的相关性研究

目的 研究睑板腺功能障碍（MGD）患者睑缘形态与睑板腺形态的相关性。设计 横断面研究。研究对象 2019年北京同仁医院行Lipiflow热脉冲治疗前的MGD患者30例（30眼）。方法 通过眼前节照相技术和Oculus眼表分析仪拍摄睑缘和睑板腺,并依据睑缘形态、睑板腺主体部形态、睑板腺开口和分泌物性状进行分类。睑缘形态分为肥厚、充血、角化和变形;睑板腺主体部形态分为缺失、白色节段、导管膨胀、萎缩、扭曲和分叉;睑板腺开口形态分为圆形、脂帽、脂塞和脂栓。依上述形态进行评分,运用Spearman相关分析研究睑缘形态与睑板腺形态的相关性。主要指标 睑缘及睑板腺形态评分,睑缘及睑板腺形态学相关系数（r）。结果 睑板腺开口形态与分泌物性状之间呈正相关（r=0.590,P=0.001）,睑板腺白色节段与睑板腺开口形态呈正相关（r=0.439,P=0.015）;睑板腺萎缩和分叉与睑板腺的分泌物性状呈负相关（r=-0.349,-0.374;P=0.048,0.042）。在睑缘形态中,睑缘角化的评分与睑缘形态总评分呈正相关,且相关关系最强（r=0.842,P＝0.000）;睑缘角化与睑板腺开口形态改变呈正相关（r=0.517,P=0.003）。在睑板腺形态中,睑板腺白色节段评分与睑板腺总评分呈正相关,且相关关系最强（r=0.535,P＝0.002）。结论 MGD患者睑缘形态与睑板腺形态部分存在相关关系。睑板腺白色节段作为睑板腺主体部的形态评估指标更为合理;睑缘角化作为睑缘的形态评估指标更为合理,且睑缘角化与睑板腺开口的形态改变相关。（眼科, 2020, 29： 355-360）     

Age-related changes in the meibomian gland

The purpose of this study was to characterize the age-related changes of the mouse meibomian gland. Eyelids from adult C57Bl/6 mice at 2, 6, 12 and 24 months of age were stained with specific antibodies against peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) to identify differentiating meibocytes, Oil Red O (ORO) to identify lipid, Ki67 nuclear antigen to identify cycling cells, B-lymphocyte-induced maturation protein-1 (Blimp1) to identify potential stem cells and CD45 to identify immune cells. Meibomian glands from younger mice (2 and 6 months) showed cytoplasmic and perinuclear staining with anti-PPARγ antibodies with abundant ORO staining of small, intracellular lipid droplets. Meibomian glands from older mice (12 and 24 months) showed only nuclear PPARγ localization with less ORO staining and significantly reduced acinar tissue (p < 0.04). Acini of older mice also showed significantly reduced (p < 0.004) numbers of Ki67 stained nuclei. While Blimp1 appeared to diffusely stain the superficial ductal epithelium, isolated cells were occasionally stained within the meibomian gland duct and acini of older mice that also stained with CD45 antibodies, suggesting the presence of infiltrating plasmacytoid cells. These findings suggest that there is altered PPARγ receptor signaling in older mice that may underlie changes in cell cycle entry/proliferation, lipid synthesis and gland atrophy during aging. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that mouse meibomian glands undergo age-related changes similar to those identified in humans and may be used as a model for age-related meibomian gland dysfunction.     

Effect of Desiccating Stress on Mouse Meibomian Gland Function

PurposeMice exposed to standardized desiccating environmental stress to induce dry eye-like symptoms have been used as a model to study the underlying mechanisms of evaporative dry eye. While studies have shown marked inflammatory and immune changes, the effect of such stress on meibomian gland function remains largely unknown. We sought to evaluate the effects of desiccating stress on meibocyte proliferation and meibum quality.MethodsTen mice were treated with scopolamine and subjected to a drafty low humidity environment (30-35%). Five and ten days after treatment, eyelids were harvested and cryosections stained with Ki67 antibody to identify cycling cells. Sections were also imaged using stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy to characterize the gland compositional changes by detecting the vibrational signatures of methylene (lipid) and amide-I (protein).ResultsDesiccating stress caused a 3-fold increase in basal acinar cell proliferation from 18.3 ± 11.1% in untreated mice to 64.4 ± 19.9% and 66.6 ± 13.4% after 5 and 10 days exposure, respectively (P < .001). In addition, SRS analysis showed a wider variation in the protein-to-lipid ratio throughout the gland, suggesting alterations in meibocyte differentiation and lipid synthesis.ConclusionsThese data are consistent with a model that a desiccating environment may have a direct effect on meibomian gland function, leading to a significant increase in basal acinar cell proliferation, abnormal meibocyte differentiation, and altered lipid production.     

地夸磷索钠联合强脉冲光治疗睑板腺功能障碍

目的：探讨3%地夸磷索钠滴眼液联合强脉冲光治疗睑板腺功能障碍的疗效及睑板腺形态的变化。

方法：前瞻性研究。选取2021-01/2022-05在我院确诊的睑板腺功能障碍患者141例282眼，使用数字表法随机分为对照组(73例146眼，给予0.3%玻璃酸钠滴眼液联合强脉冲光治疗)及观察组(68例136眼，给予3%地夸磷索钠滴眼液联合强脉冲光治疗)。结束治疗后2wk对两组主观症状评分、体征评分、非侵入性泪膜破裂时间、泪河高度、泪膜脂质层厚度、睑板腺密度情况等进行比较及两组治疗前后的差异性。

结果：两组患者治疗前主观症状评分、体征评分、非侵入性泪膜破裂时间、泪河高度、泪膜脂质层厚度、睑板腺密度等比较均无差异(P>0.05)。治疗后2wk两组患者眼部症状评分、体征评分均持续降低，非侵入性泪膜破裂时间、泪膜脂质层厚度均持续升高，睑板腺密度均增加，观察组泪河高度升高而对照组变化不明显。观察组各项临床指标均优于对照组(P<0.05)。所有患者均未见明显并发症发生。

结论：地夸磷索钠联合强脉冲光在睑板腺功能障碍治疗中相互协同，疗效显著且能促进睑板腺修复，明显优于单纯强脉冲光治疗。     

Age-related changes in the meibomian gland

The purpose of this study was to characterize the age-related changes of the mouse meibomian gland. Eyelids from adult C57Bl/6 mice at 2, 6, 12 and 24 months of age were stained with specific antibodies against peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) to identify differentiating meibocytes, Oil Red O (ORO) to identify lipid, Ki67 nuclear antigen to identify cycling cells, B-lymphocyte-induced maturation protein-1 (Blimp1) to identify potential stem cells and CD45 to identify immune cells. Meibomian glands from younger mice (2 and 6 months) showed cytoplasmic and perinuclear staining with anti-PPARγ antibodies with abundant ORO staining of small, intracellular lipid droplets. Meibomian glands from older mice (12 and 24 months) showed only nuclear PPARγ localization with less ORO staining and significantly reduced acinar tissue (p < 0.04). Acini of older mice also showed significantly reduced (p < 0.004) numbers of Ki67 stained nuclei. While Blimp1 appeared to diffusely stain the superficial ductal epithelium, isolated cells were occasionally stained within the meibomian gland duct and acini of older mice that also stained with CD45 antibodies, suggesting the presence of infiltrating plasmacytoid cells. These findings suggest that there is altered PPARγ receptor signaling in older mice that may underlie changes in cell cycle entry/proliferation, lipid synthesis and gland atrophy during aging. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that mouse meibomian glands undergo age-related changes similar to those identified in humans and may be used as a model for age-related meibomian gland dysfunction.     

糖尿病患者睑板腺功能障碍病理机制的研究进展

睑板腺功能障碍是一种以睑板腺终末导管阻塞和(或)睑酯分泌的质或量异常为主要特征的慢性、弥漫性睑板腺病变,临床上可引起泪膜异常和眼表炎症反应,从而导致眼部刺激症状,严重时可能损伤角膜从而影响视功能。睑板腺功能障碍可分为睑酯低排出型和高排出型,低排出型又进一步分为腺泡萎缩型和阻塞型。随着对糖尿病研究的进展,发现在糖尿病早期,患者的睑板腺组织即受到慢性损伤,导致其结构和功能均发生变化,糖尿病患者睑板腺功能障碍的发病率更高,程度更严重。而引起糖尿病患者睑板腺功能障碍的因素很多而且复杂,目前机制并不是很清楚,文章就国内外学者对糖尿病睑板腺功能障碍病理机制的研究进展作一综述。     

基于红外成像原理的睑板腺图像量化分析系统

目的:分析人眼的睑板腺形态学特征,探索睑板腺分析系统在眼表疾病的应用研究.方法:中山眼科中心入组正常受试者24例(42眼),进行睑板腺红外摄影.选取受试者中的10例(20眼)在同型号的设备上由二名操作员分别进行睑板腺红外摄影.图像通过自行设计的分析软件对上睑结膜中央5条腺体形态学参数进行定量分析,对数据进行重复性测试....     

术前睑板腺理疗对睑板腺功能障碍患者白内障术后眼表的影响

目的：研究睑板腺功能障碍(MGD)患者术前行睑板腺理疗对白内障术后眼表的影响。

方法：采用前瞻性病例对照研究。选取我院2017-09/2018-07合并有MGD的白内障患者76例76眼,按照随机分组法分为两组,试验组术前1wk给予眼睑热敷、睑板腺按摩治疗(在院内进行一次全套治疗后,嘱患者每晚进行家庭热敷+睑板腺按摩治疗一次),对照组不给予任何治疗。两组患者均行白内障超声乳化联合人工晶状体植入术。术前(试验组为行睑板腺理疗前)、术后1wk,1mo行眼表综合分析仪检查非侵入性泪膜破裂时间(NITBUT)、泪河高度(TMH)等,LipiView检查脂质层厚度(LLT),并使用眼表疾病指数量表(OSDI)进行问卷调查。

结果：两组患者手术前后NITBUT、TMH、OSDI比较有差异(P<0.05); 试验组及对照组术后1wk, 1mo NITBUT均较术前有明显降低(P<0.05),其中对照组术后1wk,1mo NITBUT较试验组降低更为明显(P<0.05)。试验组TMH术后1wk较术前明显降低(P<0.05),术后1wk基本恢复到术前水平(P>0.05)。试验组及对照组术后1wk,1mo OSDI均较术前有明显升高(P<0.05),其中对照组术后1wk,1mo OSDI较试验组升高更为明显(P<0.05)。

结论：白内障超声乳化手术可破坏MGD患者的睑板腺功能及眼表状态,而术前行睑板腺理疗可以显著改善白内障术后MGD患者的眼表状态,并提高患者的满意度。     

睑板腺分析系统评估强脉冲光联合睑板腺按摩治疗睑板腺功能障碍相关干眼的有效性

目的：观察应用睑板腺分析系统评估强脉冲光（IPL）联合睑板腺按摩治疗对睑板腺功能障碍（MGD） 相关干眼的有效性。方法：系列病例研究。选取2019 年7 ─8 月在西安市第四医院干眼门诊就诊的 MGD相关干眼患者37 例（74 眼）,给予IPL联合睑板腺按摩治疗,每3 周治疗1 次,共3 次。通过重复 测量的方差分析评估患者治疗前、第1次治疗后、第2次治疗后和第3次治疗后眼表疾病指数（OSDI）、 非侵入泪膜破裂时间（NITBUT）、非侵入泪河高度（NITMH）、睑板腺分泌功能评分（MGYSS）、睑 板腺形变系数及显影值等指标的差异,采用Pearson线性相关分析探讨睑板腺形变系数和显影值与 眼表功能指标的相关性。结果：OSDI、NITBUT、MGYSS及睑板腺显影值在3 次治疗后均较治疗前 有明显改善,且差异均有统计学意义（P<0.001）。睑板腺形变系数在第1 次和第2 次治疗后,与治疗 前差异无统计学意义,而在第3 次治疗后,较治疗前改善,且差异有统计学意义（P=0.01）;NITMH 在3 次治疗后较治疗前无明显改善,差异均无统计学意义;从指标变化趋势上看,OSDI、NITBUT、 MGYSS及睑板腺显影值于第1 次治疗后持续好转,于第3 次治疗后疗效最佳,而睑板腺形变系数于 治疗后变化平缓,在3 次治疗后才有所提升。睑板腺形变系数与OSDI呈正相关（r=0.379,P=0.01）, 与NITBUT呈负相关（r=-0.427,P=0.01）,与NITMH（r=-0.132,P=0.538）和MGYSS无相关性;显 影值与OSDI呈负相关（r=-0.904,P<0.001）,与NITBUT（r=0.947,P<0.001）和MGYSS呈正相关 （r=0.467,P<0.001）,与NITMH无相关性。整个研究过程中未见不可逆的眼睑皮肤损伤,未见眼前 节炎性反应、虹膜脱色素、眼表或眼底损伤、视力下降及高眼压等并发症。结论：IPL联合睑板腺按 摩对MGD相关干眼的治疗有效、安全。睑板腺分析系统在一定程度上可反映腺体分泌能力,可通 过显影值等具体量化数据作为治疗效果评估的补充手段。     

Intravitreally injected ranibizumab versus photodynamic therapy for CNV secondary to choroidal osteoma: a 7-year follow-up case report

Meibomian gland, the largest sebaceous gland of the body, is responsible for the biosynthesis of lipid layer of the tear film to prevent excessive evaporation. The loss of normal functions of meibomian gland, known as meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD), is a chronic disease and is the leading cause of dry eye symptoms in the clinics. Studies have found sex hormones, especially androgen, play vital roles in the regulation of the functions of meibomian gland. Recently, androgen has also been preliminarily applied in clinics for the treatment of MGD and showed promising results, especially in people with endogenous androgen deficiency. This review summarized the mechanisms of the function of androgen on meibomian gland based on molecular, animal, and clinical studies, and propose evidence-based views about its potential applications for the treatment of MGD.     

Hedgehog Signaling Pathway Regulates the Proliferation and Differentiation of Rat Meibomian Gland Epithelial Cells

PurposeMeibomian glands play a vital role in maintaining ocular surface stability. This study aimed to investigate whether Hedgehog signaling is involved in the regulation of meibomian gland epithelial cells.MethodsRat meibomian glands epithelial cells (RMGECs) were isolated from ducts and ductules, and then were cultivated to passage two on Matrigel coated wells in meibomian gland epithelial cells medium (MGECM). Cells were switched from MGECM to differentiation medium (DM) or DM added 10 µg/mL azithromycin (DM + AZM) when reached 50% to 60% confluence. The effects of the Smoothened (Smo) agonist (Smo agonist [SAG]) and antagonist (by cyclopamine) on RMGECs were analyzed using quantitative RT-PCR, cell proliferation analysis, immunofluorescence staining, and Nile red staining.ResultsThe Hedgehog receptor, Smo, and its downstream molecules, Glis, were expressed both in vivo and in vitro. Smo and Gli1 both decreased with the increase of differentiation in vitro. Smo antagonist, cyclopamine, reduced cell numbers, and the expression of Ki67 in MGECM, and promoted the expression of SREBP1 and lipid production in DM + AZM. Smo agonist, SAG, inhibited the expression of SREBP1 and lipid accumulation in DM + AZM but showed no significant effects on raising cell numbers and the expression of Ki67 in MGECM.ConclusionsThe Hedgehog signaling pathway appears to play important roles in RMGECs proliferation and differentiation. This may provide a potential therapeutic way to treat meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD).     

综合治疗睑板腺功能障碍性干眼的疗效观察

目的:观察综合治疗睑板腺功能障碍性干眼的疗效。方法:选择本院睑板腺功能障碍性干眼患者86例172眼,给予泪膜破裂时间测定、角膜染色及分级,以及通过红外线睑板腺分析仪、睑板腺挤压试验,分别观察睑板腺腺体缺失评分及睑板腺分泌物性状评分等方法明确诊断后,在不同阶段采取综合治疗后(综合治疗包括清洁、热敷、按摩联合妥布霉素地塞米松眼液、普拉洛芬滴眼液和聚乙二醇滴眼液等),对其治疗的有效性进行评定分析。结果:对86例172眼患者经治疗3wk时进行观察,其中46例92眼治愈,29例58眼有效,11例22眼无效,总有效率87.2%。治疗6wk时观察,其中68例136眼治愈,13例26眼有效,5例10眼无效,总有效率94.2%,治疗过程中未出现眼部及全身不良反应。结论:采取综合治疗睑板腺功能障碍性干眼,可有效缩短病程,快速解除睑板腺管阻塞,恢复睑板腺分泌功能及泪膜脂质层的稳定性,积极有效的减轻了患者干眼症状的不适感。     

Tear film lipid layer thickness measurement from Ocular Surface Analyzer as a marker to monitor treatment of meibomian gland dysfunction in a study comparing physiological detergent-free eyelid wipes with conventional therapy: A randomized trial

Purpose:To compare the efficacy of physiological, non-detergent eyelid wipes with conventional lid hygiene in patients with meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD).Methods:Fifty participants with MGD were recruited and randomized into two groups. Participants in group I used Evolve Pure™ Eyewipes twice a day to clean the eyelid debris along with standard therapy (antibiotic and lubricants) and participants in group II followed lid hygiene with warm compresses along with standard therapy. Symptoms, ocular surface assessment (lipid layer thickness, tear meniscus height, non-invasive tear film breakup time, and meibography), slit-lamp biomicroscopy (eyelash contamination, meibomian gland blockage, meibomian gland secretion, and meibomian gland telangiectasia) and tear film osmolarity were noted at baseline and 90 days after therapy.Results:Significant improvement in symptoms and signs of MGD was observed in both groups after treatment (P < 0.001); however, the clinical improvement was better with the use of eyelid wipes. Lipid layer thickness increased significantly in group I (P = 0.0006) and group II (P = 0.0002), which was maintained even after adjusting for sociodemographic variables such as age, sex, and severity score of symptoms and signs.Conclusion:Lipid layer thickness of the tear film is a sensitive marker in monitoring response to treatment in patients with MGD. The use of physiological detergent-free eyelid wipes is non-inferior to lid hygiene and warm compresses, which remains the mainstay for treatment of MGD; the clinical improvement with eyelid wipes was noted to be better.     

强脉冲光联合睑板腺按摩治疗睑板腺功能障碍的短期疗效

目的：评估强脉冲光（IPL）联合睑板腺按摩（MGX）（IPL/MGX）治疗睑板腺功能障碍（MGD）的短期 疗效。方法：前瞻性临床研究。选择2016年11月至2017年12月于汉口爱尔眼科医院门诊连续就诊 的MGD患者55例,最终完成随访的有48例（96眼）,双眼均行IPL/MGX治疗,每3周治疗1次,共3次。 在治疗前、治疗结束后1周进行眼表疾病指数（OSDI）问卷调查、泪膜破裂时间、角膜染色、睑板腺 功能及成像、结膜眼红评分、共聚焦显微镜下睑板腺及蠕形螨检查等。使用配对t检验、Wilcoxon 秩和检验及Spearman秩相关分析对数据进行处理。结果：IPL/MGX治疗结束后1周与治疗前比较, OSDI评分降低（t=2.300,P=0.024）,睑板腺分泌能力与睑酯质量均得到改善（Z=-3.617,P<0.001;t= 2.472,P=0.017）,角膜染色评分、球结膜眼红评分降低（Z=-2.757,P=0.006;t=2.040,P=0.044）,睑 板腺腺周炎症细胞密度下降（t=4.765,P<0.001）,睫毛根部蠕形螨总数减少（t=2.121,P=0.037）。睑 板腺萎缩面积<50%的MGD患者,治疗后症状评分、眼表炎症状态及睑板腺功能显著改善,睑板腺 萎缩面积≥70%的MGD患者,治疗前后各项指标均未见明显改善。结论：IPL/MGX可明显改善睑板 腺萎缩程度尚轻的MGD患者主观症状及睑板腺功能,减轻患者眼表炎症,减少眼蠕形螨数量,降低 眼表损害。     

Changes in human meibum lipid with meibomian gland dysfunction using principal component analysis

Changes in the phase transition temperatures and conformation of human meibum lipid with age and meibomian gland dysfunction have been quantified but with analysis of less than 1% of the infrared spectral range. The remaining 99% of the spectral range was analyzed with principal component analysis (PCA) and confirms our previous studies and reveal further insights into changes that occur in meibum with age and disease.Infrared spectra of meibum from 41 patients diagnosed with meibomian gland dysfunction (Md) and 32 normal donors (Mn) were measured. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to quantify the variance among the spectra and meibum protein was quantified using the infrared carbonyl and amide I and II bands.A training set of spectra was used to discriminate between Mn and Md with an accuracy of 93%. This shows that certain spectral regions (eigenvectors) contain compositional and structural information about the changes that occur with the principal component (variable), meibomian gland dysfunction. The spectral features of the major eigenvector indicate that Md contains more protein and relatively less CH₃ and cis = CH band intensity compared to Mn. The amount of protein was confirmed from relative infrared band intensities.Our study supports the idea that compositional differences result in meibum that is less fluid and more viscous with meibomian gland dysfunction so that less lipid flows out of the meibomian gland orifice as observed clinically. This study also demonstrates the power of the combination of infrared spectroscopy and PCA as a diagnostic tool that discriminates between Mn and Md.     

中老年睑板腺功能障碍的临床分析

目的:探讨中老年患者睑板腺功能障碍(MGD)的临床特点及诊治要点。方法:通过问卷调查、泪膜破裂时间、ShimmerⅠ试验、角膜荧光素染色及睑板腺分泌物的检查,将74例145眼睑板腺功能障碍患者分为轻度、中度、重度三组,根据疾病程度,分别行睑缘清洁、疏通、按摩、人工泪液、或抗炎、抗感染等联合治疗。结果:睑板腺功能障碍患者74例145眼治疗1mo后,眼表疾病指数评分下降,睑腺分泌物评分下降,泪膜破裂时间延长,眼表活体染色评分下降。各型MGD的总治愈率34.5%,总有效率98.6%。结论:眼科医师应掌握中老年睑板腺功能障碍的临床特点,重视症状、病史的询问及眼表及睑板腺功能的检查。避免睑板腺功能障碍的误诊、误治。     

睑板腺脂质在干眼症发病机制中的作用

干眼症是眼科常见病,根据病因可分为泪液分泌不足和泪液蒸发过强两种类型。位于泪膜最外层的脂质层由睑板腺分泌,具有维持泪膜稳定和防止泪液蒸发的作用。脂质层的组成成分以及组织结构对它的稳定性有很大影响,睑板腺功能障碍患者由于脂质层功能紊乱,造成泪膜稳定性下降及眼表的破坏,引起蒸发过强型干眼症。（国际眼科纵览,2014, 38：316-319）