外伤后细菌性致死性肉芽肿MRI表现

目的 探讨外伤后细菌性致死性肉芽肿(FBGT)的MRI表现以及MRI在FBGT诊断中的价值.方法 回顾性分析经病理证实的8例FBGT患者的MRI,对病变的分布、信号特征以及数目等进行总结.结果 8例患者均有颜面部瘢痕,4例脑内未见异常,4例出现脑内病变.脑内肉芽肿见于灰白质交界处以及灰质,肉芽肿结节在T,WI呈等或稍低信号,T2WI为高信号;部分病灶有中央出血,在T1WI表现为高信号,T2WI表现为稍高信号;肉芽肿周围脑白质均有中度水肿,水肿沿皮层下分布,在T2WI以及FLAIR为高信号.肉芽结节呈中等强度的均匀增强,可表现为环形、斑片状及结节状强化.2例可见脑膜线样增强.结论 FBGT有一定的影像特点.MRI可提供重要的依据.     

脑血吸虫病的CT与MRI诊断对比研究

目的：研究脑血吸虫病的CT、MRI表现，并探讨两种检查方法对该病的诊断价值。方法：本组28例患者均同时行CT、MRI检查(平扫 增强)，分析该病的影像学征象并结合9例手术病理资料进行对比。结果：27例有不同程度的水肿；22例呈水肿伴不规则结节，增强后呈结节状、斑片状及融合成簇状强化；CT发现54个病灶．MRI发现75个病灶。结论：脑血吸虫病在CT及MRI增强扫描中都具有特异性表现，MRI信号更接近其病理改变；两种检查方法郜具有重要的临床价值，但MRI明显优于CT。     

非原发中枢神经系统非霍奇金淋巴瘤脑实质病变影像表现分析

目的探讨首发部位为非中枢神经系统的非霍奇金淋巴瘤(NHL)病例的脑实质病变影像学表现特点。方法经病理确诊为体部非霍奇金淋巴瘤,行CT和/或MR I扫描发现脑实质异常的病例8例。对所有病灶增强CT扫描及MR I表现分类分析。另取有结节强化表现的其他脑转移瘤73例,与NHL病例组比较。结果CT增强扫描8例,共计病灶13个,分为①强化后低密度病灶(10/13,77%),边界均较模糊;②强化后高密度病灶(3/13,23%),其中环形强化结节1个。所有病灶均未见与脑转移病灶有关的脑室扩张和占位效应,有强化表现的结节周围未见水肿带。行MR I检查4例中3例呈长T1长T2信号,增强后无特殊信号改变。1例呈中央长T1长T2信号,周边长T1中长T2信号,增强后周边环形强化,无水肿带。73例有结节强化表现的其他脑转移瘤中89%的病灶CT可见灶周不同程度水肿。结论本组病例中部分病灶表现不同于文献描述的NHL脑转移征象。而与其他脑转移瘤相比,周边无水肿带的结节状强化病灶也是本组病例的特殊表现之一。     

脑型血吸虫病MRI表现临床分析

目的探讨脑型血吸虫病的MRI表现及特征。方法分析7例经手术病理证实的脑型血吸虫病的MRI表现。患者行T1WI、T2WI、Flair、T1WI、DWI、SWI、MRS及增强扫描。结果单发结节型1例,多发结节型4例,环状强化结节型1例,脑炎型和脑梗塞型各1例。脑炎型MRI表现为脑组织肿胀,脑沟裂池广泛变窄,增强扫描脑膜明显强化。其余4型病变增强扫描呈结节状、成蔟状、斑片状、条状及环状强化,邻近脑膜明显强化,DWI不受限。病变周围水肿明显而占位效应轻,与水肿一起形成"佛手"征或"握球"征。结论 MRI能较清晰的显示脑型血吸虫病的影像特征,MRI增强及DWI序列扫描对脑型血吸虫诊断至关重要。     

脑血吸虫病的CT表现

目的:探讨脑血吸虫病的CT表现及诊断价值。方法:对22例经临床治疗和实验室相关检查确诊或手术病理证实的脑血吸虫病患者的CT资料进行回顾性分析,所有病例均行CT平扫及增强扫描。结果:22例中单发4例,多发18例。病变位于幕上20例,其中额叶6例,颞叶4例,枕、顶叶10例,病灶分布于皮层或皮层下区,呈等或稍高密度,大多数强化显著,呈多发小结节状、斑片状或簇状聚集成团,灶周有明显水肿区。幕下小脑半球2例,表现为片状水肿区内多个强化小结节或团块。结论:脑血吸虫病CT表现有一定特征,结合疫水接触史、免疫学检查及诊断性治疗有助于明确诊断。     

脑血吸虫病的MRI诊断(附6例报告)

目的：探讨脑血吸虫病的删表现及其诊断价值。方法：回顾分析6例经病理证实，临床资科完整的脑血吸虫病的加RI表现。结果：6例脑血吸虫病中，3例脑皮层下大片状长T1，长T2信号，形如“佛手”样，增强后呈团块状、斑点族状强化；2例呈单发或多发囊状，脑组织水冲程度较轻；1例为单发圆形肿决，呈长T1、短T2信号，占位效应不明显。结论：MRI诊断脑血吸虫病较CT更具有优势，结合病人病史及实验室检查，对脑血吸虫病可做出准确诊断。     

脑血吸虫性肉芽肿CT和MRI表现与分型探讨

目的 探讨脑血吸虫性肉芽肿的CT和MRI的表现特征和影像学分型。方法 回顾性分析经手术病理及临床证实的脑血吸虫性肉芽肿30例。采用GE MAX640 CT机及GE Signa 0．2 T开放式永磁型MRI仪，分别进行平扫及增强扫描。结果 幕上大脑27例，幕下小脑3例。CT平扫病变呈等或稍高密度，MR平扫T1WI大多呈等或稍低信号，T2WI呈高信号但低于脑脊液信号，液体衰减反转恢复序列呈稍高信号。CT与MRI增强表现为：脑皮层或皮层下区多发或单发大小不等强化结节。根据结节的形态大小及增强特征分为4型：(1)多发小结节型5例；(2)单发大结节型8例；(3)混合结节型14例；(4)环状强化结节型3例。结论 脑血吸虫性肉芽肿有较典型的CT、MRI表现；影像学分型有利于诊断和鉴别诊断，并可为治疗提供有价值的参考。     

病毒性脑炎的MRI诊断

目的探讨病毒性脑炎MR I表现特点及与急性播散性脑脊髓炎(ADEM)鉴别的可能性。方法分析56例病毒性脑炎及50例ADEM的脑部MR I表现,重点分析病毒性脑炎的脑部MR I表现。结果病毒性脑炎脑内有多发或单发的对称或不对称大片状病灶,主要位于皮层、皮层下及基底节-丘脑区,MR I呈长T1长T2信号,增强扫描27例,显示病灶强化者17例,其中呈大片状或脑回状强化者10例。ADEM则脑内有多发不对称斑点、斑片状病灶,主要位于双侧脑室周围及额颞顶枕叶脑白质区,MR I呈长T1长T2信号,增强扫描20例,显示病灶强化者15例,均为环形或斑点状强化。结论MR I是诊断病毒性脑炎重要的辅助检查方法,可在一定程度上为临床的早期诊断及鉴别诊断提供依据。     

肿瘤样脑炎的MRI表现和Gd—DTPA增强的诊断价值

目的：研究肿瘤样脑炎的MRI表现和Gd—DTPA增强的诊断价值。材料和方法：报告9例肿瘤样脑炎的MRI所见。并与18例脑星形细胞瘤的增强磁共振成像(CEMRI)表现进行对比分析。结果：肿瘤样脑炎的非增强磁共振成像（NCMRI)表现为长T1，长T2信号，缺乏特征性，其CEMRI表现为（1）斑片状高信号．大小不一，强弱不一，散在分布．（2）单个或多个结节状增强。（3）脑膜线状增强，（4）血管壁套状增强。脑星形细胞瘤的典型MRI表现为结节状增强或为伴有中心坏死的不规则花环状增强。结论：CEMRI能反映肿瘤样脑炎的炎性渗出、肉芽肿形成、硬膜充血和血管周围炎的病理特点，对肿瘤脑炎和脑星形细胞瘤的鉴别诊断有重要意义。     

八例人类获得性免疫缺陷综合征患者尸体的病理与影像表现对照分析

目的 探讨人类获得性免疫缺陷综合征(AIDS)合并症的影像与病理表现特点.方法 回顾性分析8例AIDS尸体的解剖资料及影像、病理资料.对其不同的部位进行常规CT扫描和(或)MR检查;7具尸体在冷冻状态下行横断断层解剖观察,1具行大体解剖;在各断层面和各脏器取材行病理检查,对比分析受累脏器影像改变以及其病理改变基础,从病理结果中作出病因学诊断.结果 8例AIDS患者中,寄生虫感染5例、细菌感染3例(2例结核菌感染,1例肺炎球菌肺炎)、真菌感染2例、病毒感染2例、B细胞性淋巴瘤1例、1例巨细胞病毒(CMV)感染患者同时合并脑大面积梗死.5例肺部卡氏肺孢子虫肺炎(PCP)感染者CT表现为以肺门为中心的对称性毛玻璃状阴影;2例肺部结核CT表现为肺部片状阴影、散在分布的结节影及弥漫粟粒性均匀分布的结节影和结核性胸膜炎;2例真菌感染CT表现为云雾状模糊密度阴影及多灶性慢性炎症表现;曲霉菌典型表现为曲霉菌肿.2例肺部CMV感染表现为肺部网格状及实变影.1例肠道肿瘤CT表现为肠管壁增厚,管腔狭窄.1例CMV脑炎CT表现为脑组织低密度影,及MR表现为长T_1、长T_2信号,MRA显示脑组织液化区血管中断.1例脑弓形虫感染CT表现左侧内囊部位可见片状低密度区.1例脑部隐球菌感染CT表现大脑基底节区多发小片状低密度区.结论 AIDS患者可同时或先后合并多个器官多种病原体感染或肿瘤发生,影像表现多样化,无明显特异性,鉴别诊断困难,病理表现更复杂.影像表现与病理结合有助于明确诊断.     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.