日本生活垃圾焚烧处理现状及启示

通过对日本生活垃圾产生情况及处理方式、生活垃圾焚烧设施的环保对策以及生活垃圾焚烧灰渣的处理等方面的分析,得出日本生活垃圾主要处理方式为焚烧。2017年,日本共有各类垃圾焚烧设施1 103座,是世界上垃圾焚烧厂最多的国家,其中34%的垃圾焚烧厂都配备垃圾发电设施,年发电量9.2×109 kWh。日本垃圾焚烧厂的污染控制标准非常严格,各类数据都对外公布。此外其对焚烧灰渣的资源化利用量也逐渐提高。日本生活垃圾焚烧处理的经验对我国有一定的借鉴意义,我国应提高生活垃圾焚烧处理水平,继续推行生活垃圾分类工作,加大投入研发自主产权的垃圾焚烧技术。     

大型垃圾焚烧厂垃圾抓斗起重机选型探讨

简述了国内外大型垃圾焚烧厂垃圾抓斗起重机配置情况,针对国内垃圾焚烧厂大型化的趋势,探讨垃圾抓斗起重机的选型模式.     

天津市日产生活垃圾约7800t无害化处理率达96.8%

正本刊讯目前天津市日产生活垃圾约7 800 t。近年来,天津市广泛采用了填埋、焚烧、综合处理和资源化利用等方式,妥善处置生活垃圾,截至2015年年底,全市建成区生活垃圾无害化处理率已达96.8%,走在全国前列。天津市共有11座生活垃圾处理设施投入运行,总设计处理能力约为1.11×104t/d。其中,焚烧设施包括北辰区青光垃圾焚烧厂、津南区双港垃圾焚烧厂、汉沽垃圾焚烧厂、大港垃圾焚烧厂和今年4月试运行的蓟县垃圾焚烧厂;填埋设施包括北辰区     

生活垃圾分类对垃圾主要参数的影响分析

随着垃圾分类的推行,进入焚烧厂的生活垃圾厨果类比例下降、纸类及橡塑类比例升高.由此焚烧厂垃圾发生了密度降低、热值升高、渗滤液产率降低、总氮降低、有机氮占比升高的变化,引起了生活垃圾焚烧厂与渗滤液处理设施运行工况的改变.未来生活垃圾焚烧厂及渗滤液处理设施的设计建设项目,将根据分类后的实施情况调整工艺参数.通过对垃圾分类效...     

深圳市生活垃圾分类对垃圾焚烧影响的研究

分析了深圳市生活垃圾的热值、成分以及元素组成和变化趋势,得出入垃圾焚烧厂垃圾已经过分类,热值满足焚烧的条件;通过分类有利于垃圾焚烧厂发电效益的提高、长周期稳定运行以及环保处理压力的减轻。深圳市垃圾分类和垃圾焚烧是垃圾处理链的2个必不可少的环节。     

提高垃圾焚烧厂发电效率的最新应用技术

介绍了提高垃圾焚烧厂热效率的最新工艺技术,阐述了组合式高效垃圾发电工艺(WTE-GT)和再热循环工艺及案例,指出了对我国垃圾焚烧行业发展的借鉴意义。     

我国城市生活垃圾焚烧发电厂垃圾热值分析

在收集和整理大量炉排炉垃圾焚烧发电厂运营数据的基础上,对我国多个地区生活垃圾焚烧厂垃圾热值进行了估算,并分析了不同地区、运营时间以及工业发展水平等对焚烧厂生活垃圾热值的影响。分析发现:垃圾焚烧厂生活垃圾热值逐年增加;不同地区的生活垃圾热值差别明显,呈现南高北低、东高西低的变化趋势;工业增加值较高的城市其生活垃圾热值也相对较高。     

基于Python编程对我国生活垃圾热值的分析与预测

生活垃圾设计热值是垃圾焚烧厂设计的重要依据.根据收集的我国已运行105座垃圾焚烧厂的年平均运营数据,对垃圾热值进行估算,基于Python编程对影响垃圾热值的16条因素进行了相关性分析.结果表明:我国垃圾热值南北(以33°N秦岭淮河为分界线)差异较大,且垃圾热值分布具有复杂性和非线性的特征.据此建立了我国垃圾热值非线性回...     

北京市垃圾粪便处理设施节能减排问题探析

概述了北京市垃圾粪便处理设施节能减排工作开展现状,介绍了马家楼垃圾转运站、安定垃圾卫生填埋场、南宫垃圾堆肥厂和高安屯垃圾焚烧厂的节能减排方面典型经验,并就加强垃圾粪便处理设施节能减排工作提出了建议。     

北京市生活垃圾焚烧现状及二恶英排放减排建议

垃圾焚烧有望成为北京市生活垃圾主要的处置方式,分析了北京市生活垃圾焚烧现状和生活垃圾焚烧厂二恶英排放情况,并对垃圾焚烧产生的二恶英总量提出科学可行的减排建议。     

提高医疗废物管理信息追溯覆盖率

针对医疗废物管理信息追溯覆盖率低开展QC小组活动。经调查,确认计量项目信息追溯覆盖率低为问题症结,采用头脑风暴法分析原因并对要因逐一确认,从开展针对性培训、采用二维码信息录入方式、引入智能称量终端等方面进行改进。对策实施后,医疗废物管理信息追溯覆盖率从69.9%提高到94%,实现对医疗废物的严格监管、精准追溯。     

熵值法在北京市妇幼保健院财务综合评价中的应用

在市场经济发展的今天,作为非营利性卫生机构的妇幼保健院也要加强经营管理,树立成本效益观,杜绝资源浪费,实现可持续发展。因此,科学合理地对妇幼保健院的经营管理、财务运营情况进行综合评价就显得非常必要。本文通过建立指标体系,采用熵值法对北京市10家妇幼保健院的财务运营情况进行了综合评价。此种方法克服了以往评价中主观赋权所带来的局限性,是医院财务综合评价的一种突破。     

Reliability and Accuracy of Real-Time Visualization Techniques for Measuring School Cafeteria Tray Waste: Validating the Quarter-Waste Method

Measuring food waste is essential to determine the impact of school interventions on what children eat. There are multiple methods used for measuring food waste, yet it is unclear which method is most appropriate in large-scale interventions with restricted resources. This study examines which of three visual tray waste measurement methods is most reliable, accurate, and cost-effective compared with the gold standard of individually weighing leftovers. School cafeteria researchers used the following three visual methods to capture tray waste in addition to actual food waste weights for 197 lunch trays: the quarter-waste method, the half-waste method, and the photograph method. Inter-rater and inter-method reliability were highest for on-site visual methods (0.90 for the quarter-waste method and 0.83 for the half-waste method) and lowest for the photograph method (0.48). This low reliability is partially due to the inability of photographs to determine whether packaged items (such as milk or yogurt) are empty or full. In sum, the quarter-waste method was the most appropriate for calculating accurate amounts of tray waste, and the photograph method might be appropriate if researchers only wish to detect significant differences in waste or consumption of selected, unpackaged food.     

Cost-Benefit of Final Radiological Survey Versus Radioactive Waste Disposal

ABSTRACT A significant portion of the cost for D&D is related to low-level waste disposal, decontamination, and final radiological survey. For that reason, a careful cost-benefit analysis must be performed weighing the cost of decontaminating and radiologically surveying the building media for release against the cost of disposing of the material as radioactive waste. This cost-benefit analysis visibly came into play at the Rocky Flats Environmental Technology Site during the recent D&D of two facilities.     

Hospital solid waste: quantification. Bacteriological analyses--case of hospital Ibn Sina

Hospital waste represent, by their nature and their constitution, a big threat to health in the intra and extra hospital area. and a source of pollution for the environment. A 12-day campaign of weighing of the waste produced by the hospital Ibn Sina of Rabat-Morocco should an average of 1.75 kg/bed/day. In order to identify the hospital pathogenic germs as well as their sensitivities to antibiotics, some bacteriological analyses have been done on the percolat waste of this hospital. The results of these analyses put in evidence the presence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus and their resistance to some antibiotics.     

A Study of the Relationship between Education and Waste Segregation and Disposal by Registered Nurses

The objective of this research was to determine whether an education programme would increase knowledge and lead to more appropriate waste segregation and disposal by registered nurses. A questionnaire was sent to 50 registered nurses to assess their baseline knowledge of waste segregation and disposal. The information obtained from this questionnaire served as the basis for the development of an education programme regarding waste segregation and disposal. The education session encompassed Health Department Victoria guidelines for waste segregation and disposal. The education programme covered a two week period. A second questionnaire was sent to the registered nurses post education programme. This questionnaire assessed the knowledge obtained from the programme. Using a MeNemar test for statistical analysis, more registered nurses post education session (80%) disposed of a used oxygen mask correctly than pre education session (59%),(x=13.06, df 1, p < 0.0005). Pre education and post education weighing of infectious wastes was done prior to sending out of both questionnaires to assess if there was any change in the way wastes were disposed of post education programme. Using a paired t test. post education session weights were significantly lower than pre education session weights (t=2.33, df 6, p < 0.05).     

北京市现行生活垃圾管理体系存在问题及对策

分析了北京市现行生活垃圾管理体系中存在垃圾分类的系统建设和运行体系不健全,垃圾的收集和运输环节投入资金力量不足,设备参差不齐等问题.提出其解决根本应在于树立垃圾全过程分类的理念,增加收运环节的投入和配备分类运输设施;加快可回收资源技术手段和产业政策的研究及提高信息系统的应用水平是垃圾管理体系的突破.     

郑州市城市生活垃圾处理问题及对策

针对郑州市垃圾分类条件不完善,垃圾减量、资源化低,垃圾中转站复建滞后,作用单一,垃圾末端治理污染问题敏感等问题,提出建议与对策：完善源头收集分类条件,强化中途转运功能,保证末端治理无害化.在各环节管理中,须健全法律法规,创新管理体制,谨慎推行市场化运营,建立垃圾收费体系,提高垃圾分类意识.     

沈阳市农村生活垃圾收运管理探讨

介绍了沈阳市农村生活垃圾收运及处理设施现状,分析了收运体系存在的问题,提出应尽快颁布实施农村生活垃圾管理条例,推进农村环卫体制建设以形成市、县、乡、村完善的管理体系,加强农民环保意识普及力度,推进农村生活垃圾处理科技创新,提高农村生活垃圾资源化利用效率等建议。     

健全废品回收网络提高资源利用率

在调查上海废品回收情况的基础上，介绍了上海市卢湾区鑫港废品回收利用有限公司成立背景、运作体系、网络体系、取得成效，得出健全的废品回收系统可极大地对城市垃圾源头减量、分流，提高废物的资源利用率。