Abdominal surgery and vascular surgery

Vascular surgery itself developed for the surgical treatment for the vascular lesions such as occlusion and/or aneurysm. But recently the fine vascular surgical technique has been applied also to the treatment of malignancy affected the abdominal visceral organs. For instance, it is for the curative operation, when the malignant lesion such as bile duct carcinoma involves the main portal system because the resection with reconstruction of the portal vein is nowadays feasible. In this paper I would like to describe the technique of vascular reconstruction for the general surgeons and to report the current status of introduction of vascular surgery into the abdominal surgery in Japan.     

Clinical outcomes in cardiac surgery: conventional surgery versus bloodless surgery

Bleeding during and after cardiac operations and the effects of cardiopulmonary bypass hemodilution commonly result in blood transfusions. Excessive microvascular bleeding can result in re-exploration and prolonged hospitalization. Nearly 20% of all blood transfusions in the United States are associated with cardiac surgery. The risks associated with the use of allogeneic blood product transfusion include mistransfusion, immunologic complications, and transmission of infectious diseases. The large demand for blood products places significant pressure on the national blood supply, resulting in frequent shortages. The variability in transfusion practice of cardiac surgery patients suggests that sound blood management and a conservative approach to this population can result in reduced transfusions without increasing morbidity or mortality and avoiding complications associated with allogeneic blood transfusion.     

Digestive surgery and varicose vein surgery

The thromboembolic risk related to surgery may be considered as low for varicose vein surgery and non major digestive surgery. It could be defined as moderate in case of large dissection, long duration of procedures and emergency cases. The risk may be considered as high for major abdominal surgery involving cancer surgery or not and bariatric surgery. The absence of prophylaxis can be proposed for low risk surgery (grade B). However, elastic compression stocking are effective for all cases of digestive surgery and suggested to be used (grade A). There are no data concerning the moderate risk situation. Therefore, experts recommend the use of elastic compression stockings or low doses of LMWH (grade D). High-risk surgery requires the use of high doses of LMWH recommended for reasons of efficacy, tolerance, and easiness to use (grade A). Associated elastic stockings is efficious (grade B). The duration of prophylaxis lasts generally 7-10 days. Extension to 1 month is recommended for major abdominal cancer surgery (grade A).     

单切口腹腔镜手术在前列腺手术中的应用进展

腹腔镜技术已广泛应用于临床,人们正在寻求通过改进腹腔镜技术进行更为微创的手术方式。腹腔镜技术的优势在于手术切口小、操作精细,而进一步缩小穿刺切口能够在减少并发症发生的同时进一步提高手术的美容效果。单切口腹腔镜手术的出现在不影响手术效果的同时满足了患者对美容方面的要求。目前,泌尿外科领域已经进行了一些手术尝试,现对该技术在前列腺疾病治疗中的应用进行综述。     

Revisional surgery for failed antireflux surgery

The outcome and morbidity of revisional surgery after antireflux surgery has been suggested to be suboptimal compared with primary repair. Therefore, an individualized therapeutic approach based on exact analysis of the reasons for failure of the initial procedure is essential for successful management of these patients. This study attempts to summarize the management of this challenging patient population with a focus on the clinical presentation, causes of failure, evaluation, and variety and choice of revisional techniques.     

Learning trauma surgery through cytoreductive surgery

ObjectivesRegarding war surgery (WS), the initial and continuing education of French military gastrointestinal surgeons (FMGIS) is considered flawed and inappropriate. This results from the low incidence of gastrointestinal (GI) trauma, its predominantly non-surgical management, and a daily surgical practice that strongly differs from WS. Conversely, cytoreductive surgery (CRS) of peritoneal metastases has similarities with WS which led us to assess its potential contribution to the initial and continuing education of FMGIS in WS.MethodsWe reported the activities of the GI surgery departments of the military teaching hospitals of Percy and Begin. The first one dedicated to traumatology and the second to CRS. We then specifically looked into the surgical procedures conducted by the FMGIS during deployment from January 2004 to December 2014.ResultsAmongst the 600 severe trauma patients admitted to the Percy trauma center between January 2019 and December 2020, 17 underwent abdominal surgery with a total of 25 procedures performed. During the same period, 61 patients undertook CRS in Begin with an average of 7 surgical processes per patient carried out and a total of 418 abdominal surgical procedures. Outside abdominal packing and nephrectomy (not performed in CRS), the numbers of splenectomy, gastrointestinal / gynecological resections (hysterectomy and/or adnexectomy), or liver resection were higher during CRS compared to abdominal trauma surgery with 10 times less patients (10 vs 1, 43 vs 9, 20 vs 0, 6 vs 0, respectively).ConclusionCRS, through its similarities with WS, seemed to be an appropriate tool for the initial and continuing education of FMGIS in WS and, to an extent, of civilian trauma surgeons who could eventually treat terrorist attacks casualties on the national territory.     

腔镜和内镜技术在腹部外科疾病治疗中的联合运用

目的研究腹腔镜和内镜联合,腹腔镜多科疾病联合或多种疾病联合手术的可能性、安全性。方法运用十二指肠镜+腹腔镜+胆道镜完成对82例胆囊结石合并胆总管结石病人进行ERCP+LC+LCDE;运用腹腔镜+结肠镜对9例结肠肿瘤进行手术;利用腹腔镜+胃镜对3例胃肿瘤病人进行手术等;运用腹腔镜分别对胆囊结石合并其它疾病的174例病人进行多科联合手术或多种疾病联合手术。结果272例病人均顺利完成手术,其中3例并发腔镜戳孔部位脂肪液化,1例并发皮下气肿并高碳酸血症,经积极治疗后均达到临床治愈标准,痊愈出院。结论腹腔镜和内镜联合、多科联合、多种疾病联合手术,安全、可靠、可行,有良好的临床运用价值。     

Complications of foot surgery. Laser surgery

The carbon dioxide laser, when used surgically, is a possible source of complications. Knowledge of laser physics, tissue effects, and target tissue anatomy are of the utmost importance for minimizing complications. This article seeks to elucidate the factors involved in laser beam physics and the effect of these factors on target tissue, based on specific tissue anatomy. Common tissue complications and specific procedure-oriented complications that may arise as a result of laser surgery will be discussed and reviewed.     

Usefulness of image-navigated surgery in liver surgery

Previously, computed tomography (CT) yielded cross-sectional images reconstructed from single-slice CT. However, the recently developed multidetector-row spiral CT provides isotropic voxel data sets, giving clear and precise three-dimensional images of the intrahepatic vascular structure. The vascular anatomy of the liver and relationship between liver tumors and intrahepatic vascular structure can thus be determined. We have developed software for an image-navigated surgery system with which vessels supplying blood to tumors and main hepatic vein drainage can be identified in patients preoperatively. Virtual liver resection can then be performed on a computer using this software. This simulation surgery contributes to making subsequent actual hepatic resection safer and less invasive.