可吸收螺钉治疗不同类型的内踝骨折

目的比较运用生物可吸收螺钉治疗旋前外旋型(PER)、旋前外展型(PAB)Ⅰ～Ⅱ型踝关节骨折效果。 方法回顾性分析青岛市西海岸新区中心医院于2015年2月至2017年2月2年内收治的PER、PABⅠ～Ⅱ型踝关节骨折患者。纳入标准：单侧骨折,年龄18～55岁;排除标准：三角韧带断裂或下胫腓前韧带撕脱性骨折,开放性骨折,既往患侧下肢骨折,无法遵嘱功能锻炼。共纳入93例研究对象,PER组39人,PAB组54人。用Mann-Whitney U法比较2组患者术后3个月踝关节的背屈、跖屈角度变化,及踝关节内翻应力位下X线片前后位的踝穴宽度变化。用t检验比较2组患者的踝关节功能美国足踝外科协会评分(AOFAS)。并记录异物反应发生情况。 结果术后3个月,PAB组的踝关节的背屈(Z＝－3.418,P<0.05)、跖屈(Z＝－2.476,P<0.05)角度变化均小于PER组,PAB组的踝关节背屈、跖屈活动恢复较佳。2组患者的踝穴宽度变化差异无统计学意义(Z＝－0.296,P>0.05)。术后3个月,PER组踝关节AOFAS功能评分为(84±5)分、PAB组踝关节AOFAS功能评分为(83±5)分,差异无统计学意义(t＝1.250,P>0.05),2组患者术后3个月的踝关节功能恢复情况基本一致。PER组有2例(5.1%)、PAB组有1例(1.9%)患者出现轻度异物反应。所有观察对象均未发生断钉。 结论运用可吸收螺钉治疗Lauge-Hansen踝关节PER、PABⅠ和Ⅱ型骨折效果确切,PAB患者比PER患者的踝关节背屈、跖屈改善较佳。     

Medial screws and cement: a possible mechanical augmentation in total knee arthroplasty

The purpose of this study was to determine whether screws placed beneath the medial tibial plateau in cemented total knee arthroplasty helps prevent collapse of the medial tibia. A previous study found that the AGC all-polyethylene tibial component had a 14% rate of collapse of the medial subchondral region in the first postoperative year. Of 536 implanted AGC all-polyethylene tibial components, 20 had screws inserted beneath the medial tibial plateau. No AGC all-polyethylene tibial components with screws failed because of aseptic loosening or collapse of the medial tibial plateau. The study included 125 cemented metal-backed total knee arthroplasties with screws inserted beneath the medial tibial plateau. We also found 2 cases of collapse of the medial tibial plateau and 1 case of collapse on the lateral side. No revisions were performed. The placement of screws beneath the medial tibial plateau to fill large defects is an excellent precaution against collapse of the medial tibia.     

骨制松质骨螺钉内固定治疗内踝骨折

目的 探讨骨制松质骨螺钉内固定治疗内踝骨折应用的可行性。方法 分别使用骨制松质骨螺钉和金属松质螺钉内汉字24例内踝骨折，根据术后临床（功能）恢复情况和X线检查综合判定疗效。采用非参数法（Wlcoxon)分析两组治疗效果。结果 两种治疗方法疗效差异无显著性（P＞0．05）。结论 骨制松质骨髓钉可用于内固定治疗内踝骨折。     

Biomechanical evaluation of medial malleolus fractures treated with headless compression screws

PurposeThe gold standard for fixation of medial malleolus fractures has yet to be determined. Most agree the best results of displaced unstable ankle fractures are with open reduction and internal fixation. Hardware irritation necessitating screw removal is a known complication. An alternative fixation method of medial malleolar fractures has been described using headless compression screws. There are currently no biomechanical studies that assess the stability of this method. The purpose of the study is to complete a biomechanical evaluation of partially threaded cancellous screws (PT) and headless compression screws (HC) in an external rotation ankle fracture model.MethodsComposite polyurethane sawbone models of tibia were obtained. A custom jig was created to ensure identical osteotomies. The models were fixed with either two partially threaded cancellous screws or two headless compression screws. The models were fitted into the Material Test System (MTS) machine and the force transducer was programed to apply axial offset. The two constructs were loaded until 5 mm of displacement occurred, our defined point of failure. The amount of force (Newtons) necessary to create fracture line displacement was recorded for each model.ResultsThe axial rotational force to create facture displacement between 1 mm and 3 mm, between 1 mm and 5 mm, and between 3 mm and 5 mm were statistically significant (p < 0.05) for both models. The mean axial rotational force measured in Newtons at 1 mm, 3 mm, and 5 mm of displacement for the PT was 149.32, 244.19 and 477.76 respectively. The mean axial rotational force measured in Newtons at 1 mm, 3 mm, and 5 mm of displacement for the HC was 152.05, 224.07, and 498.31 respectively.ConclusionNo statistically significant difference was found between the biomechanical properties of partially threaded cancellous screws and headless compression screws used in the fixation of medial malleolus fractures. These results support HC screws as a viable alternative in a biomechanical model of medial malleolus fractures.     

胫前经皮空心钉治疗后踝骨折的临床疗效分析

目的探讨胫前经皮空心钉内固定治疗后踝骨折的手术技巧与临床疗效。方法采用胫前经皮空心钉内固定治疗43例后踝骨折患者。结果患者均获得随访,时间12~25(18.1±1.2)个月。骨折均愈合。末次随访发现8例出现负重或行走时踝关节疼痛不适。末次随访采用AOFAS踝与后足评分标准进行功能评定:优25例,良15例,中3例,优良率93%。结论胫前经皮空心螺钉内固定是治疗后踝骨折的有效方法,具有微创优势。     

External rotation-lateral view of the ankle in the assessment of the posterior malleolus.

Demonstration of a posterior malleolar fragment on a radiograph of an ankle fracture is important in the diagnosis and evaluation of posterior malleolus fractures. The size and extent of displacement of a posterior malleolar fragment can be evaluated. The diagnosis of non-union of the posterior malleolus is also important because it can lead to failure of reduction of ankle fractures. The authors present a case in which nonunion of the posterior malleolus was diagnosed by an external-rotation lateral view of the ankle. This could not be demonstrated on the AP or the lateral views. Thirteen cadaver feet were then used to study the external-rotation lateral view. A posterior malleolar fracture was created, and the borders of the fracture line were marked with solder wire. The average external rotation angle required to best demonstrate the posterior malleolar fracture was 50 degrees (range, 43 degrees -55 degrees). The actual size of the posterior malleolus fragment was measured and compared to the x-ray measurement. There was a 0.10 correction for the determination of the actual size of the fragment. The unmarked fragment could not be demonstrated on AP and lateral views.     

Intramedullary fixation of unstable intertrochanteric hip fractures: one or two lag screws

OBJECTIVE: To compare the screw sliding characteristics and biomechanical stability of four-part intertrochanteric hip fractures stabilized with an intramedullary nail using either one large-diameter lag screw (intramedullary hip screw [IMHS]; Smith & Nephew, Memphis, TN) or two small-diameter lag screws (trochanteric antegrade nail [TAN]; Smith & Nephew, Memphis, TN). DESIGN: Laboratory investigation using eight matched pairs of cadaveric human femurs with simulated, unstable intertrochanteric hip fractures. INTERVENTION: One femur of each matched pair was stabilized with an IMHS intramedullary nail, and the other was stabilized with a TAN intramedullary nail. Femurs were statically, then cyclically loaded on a servohydraulic materials testing machine. Finally, all specimens were loaded to failure. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Screw sliding and inferior and lateral head displacements were measured for applied static loads from 500N to 1250N. The same measurements were obtained before and after cyclically loading the specimens at 1250N. Ultimate failure strength of the implant constructs also was determined. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between the TAN and IMHS in static or cyclical loading with respect to screw sliding or inferior and lateral head displacements. There was a statistically significant difference (P < 0.02) in failure strength, with the IMHS construct failing at an average of 2162N and the TAN construct failing at an average of 3238N. CONCLUSION: The two constructs showed equivalent rigidity and stability in all parameters assessed in elastic and cyclical tests. The TAN had a greater ultimate failure load.     

预置阻挡钉在治疗胫骨螺旋形骨折合并后踝骨折中的作用

目的 探讨预置阻挡钉在治疗胫骨中下1/3 螺旋形骨折合并后踝骨折中的作用.方法 回顾性分析2018 年5月至2020 年6 月收治的24 例胫骨中下1/3 螺旋形骨折合并后踝骨折患者临床资料.所有患者均采用预置阻挡钉技术,并进行髓内钉及空心钉内固定治疗.术后记录胫骨正位 X 线片上冠状面力线(胫骨远端外侧角)、膝关节疼...     

Medial malleolus and deltoid ligament reconstruction in open ankle fractures with combination of vascularized fibular head osteo‐tendinous flap and free flap transfers

Treatment of the traumatic bone and soft tissue defect of the medial ankle is a challenge in reconstructive orthopedic surgery. In this report, we described a novel reconstruction procedure for the medial malleolus reconstruction using microsurgical transfer of the fibular head osteo‐tendinous flap combined with a free latissimus dorsi flap (free LD flap) or a free anterolateral thigh flap (free ALT flap) in six patients. The sizes of the wounds ranged from 10 × 8 cm to 24 × 10 cm, and the sizes of the LD and ALT flaps were from 12 × 9 cm to 24 × 12 cm. All transplants survived. Five patients had primary wound healing. One patient had fibular graft and soft tissue infection that caused delayed healing. On average 4 months after surgery, all patients were able to stand and walk without crutch assistance. With a mean follow‐up of 3.5 years (range, 1–5 years), all patients achieved stable ankles and were satisfied with the range of motion with excellent American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society functional scores (>85). The fibular head resembles the medial malleolus in morphology. Vascularized fibular head transfer combined with a free flap provides satisfactory results for complex medial malleolus reconstruction. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2009.     

动力加压髋螺钉取出后钉道内植骨的生物力学意义

目的：探讨动力加压髋螺钉（DHS）内固定治疗股骨上段骨折愈合后,取出DHS以后不处理的股骨上段、钉道植骨的股骨上段和完整的股骨上段的生物力学特性,为临床DHS取出术后进一步治疗提供理论依据。方法：收集16具新鲜尸体股骨标本进行实验应力分析,分别测定完整股骨上段,DHS取出后不处理的股骨上段和DHS取出后钉道内植骨股骨的股骨上段的力学特性,结果：DHS取出术后,不处理的股骨上段与完整股骨上段、DHS取出术后钉道植骨的股骨上段的力学特性相比,差异有显著性（P＜0．01）。结论：股骨颈骨折DHS治疗骨折愈合取出固定后,应在股骨上段螺钉道内植骨补强,这有利于提高股骨上段的生物学性能,便于患者早期全负荷功能锻炼,防止再骨折和髋畸形等并发症的发生。     

Fracture gap of the lateral malleolus via posterolateral approach: Improved visualization of the posterior malleolus fracture

The treatment of posterior malleolar fractures is a popular issue. Anatomic reduction of posterior malleolar fractures is critical for re-establishing the stability of the ankle mortise and ligamentous union after trauma. Inappropriate treatment ultimately leads to poorer functional outcomes and lower quality of life. Open reduction and internal fixation through a posterolateral approach are preferred over indirect reduction and anterior-posterior screw fixation. Although the posterolateral approach, which is more common and direct, provides good exposure to the fracture site, it has some limitations. In this report, we describe the posterolateral approach through the lateral ankle fracture gap for the treatment of posterior ankle fractures. Moreover, we discuss the indications, benefits, and limitations of this approach.     

Percutaneous placement of iliosacral screws for unstable pelvic ring injuries: comparison between one and two C-arm fluoroscopic techniques

BACKGROUND: This study compares the efficacy and safety of percutaneous placement of iliosacral screws between one and two C-arm fluoroscope groups. METHODS: This case series contains consecutive 18 unstable pelvic injuries, which were treated with percutaneous placement of iliosacral screws. A single orthopaedic surgeon (K.-T.P.) operated on all these patients. The patients were divided into two groups on the basis of the method of radiographic control. In group 1 (10 patients), iliosacral screws were introduced under the assistance of one C-arm fluoroscope. In group 2 (eight patients), percutaneous placements of iliosacral screws were performed under the control of two sets of fluoroscope. RESULTS: There were neither clinical complications nor malpositioned screws in both groups. The median time from initial preparation to completion of the first screw insertion was 45.0 and 16.0 minutes for groups 1 and 2, respectively; the radiation exposure was 5.7 and 4.5 minutes, respectively. The differences between groups were statistically significant (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The use of two sets of fluoroscope provides a speedier method with less radiation exposure for percutaneous placement of iliosacral screws than the use of one set.     

椎弓根皮质骨螺钉固定与传统椎弓根螺钉固定钉道周围骨质CT值比较

目的 :比较椎弓根皮质骨螺钉固定与传统椎弓根螺钉固定钉道周围骨质的平均CT值,为椎弓根皮质骨螺钉的应用提供理论依据。方法:调取我院2014年1月~2016年10月21~70岁男女性腰椎高分辨率CT扫描影像资料,每10岁一个年龄组,单组随机抽取30例共300例数据。将各组数据导入Mimics 18.0中进行骨组织三维重建,在L4和L5椎体上模拟椎弓根皮质骨螺钉与传统椎弓根螺钉的置入,分割出各模拟螺钉与骨质相交的感兴趣区域并测量其平均CT值。结果:同年龄段同性别同种置钉方式L4、L5椎体感兴趣区域平均CT值均无统计学差异,皮质骨螺钉置钉与传统椎弓根螺钉置钉钉道周围感兴趣区域的平均CT值21~30岁组男性分别为547.4±48.2Hu和311.1±20.3Hu,女性为517.3±56.0Hu和279.1±41.7Hu;31~40岁组男性分别为519.6±48.9Hu和258.7±26.5Hu,女性为521.5±58.8Hu和287.8±33.2Hu;41~50岁组男性分别为490.9±69.8Hu和249.7±37.5Hu,女性为500.7±81.0和262.0Hu±72.1Hu;51~60岁组男性分别为436.5±65.7Hu和217.4±20.8Hu,女性为438.8±45.8Hu和222.1±22.6Hu;61~70岁组男性分别为396.1±40.0Hu和204.0±36.4Hu,女性为364.5±73.6Hu和153.5±27.1Hu;两种置钉方式各年龄组同性别间比较均有统计学差异(P0.05),皮质骨螺钉为传统螺钉的1.7~2.3倍。同种置钉方式不同性别间平均CT值比较,传统螺钉置钉在21~30岁、31~40岁和61~70岁组有统计学差异(P0.05);皮质骨螺钉置钉在21~30岁和61~70岁组有统计学差异(P0.05)。结论 :椎弓根皮质骨螺钉固定钉道周围骨质CT值明显高于传统椎弓根螺钉固定,椎弓根皮质骨螺钉固定具有更高骨-螺钉界面强度。     

Hardware in the medial malleolus: is it intra-articular?

This paper is a radiographic approach to ascertain if the hardware at the medial malleolus is intra-articular. A human tibia was removed from a skeleton and pins were placed in the medial malleolus representing pins that would be intra- and extra-articular (in the mortise). Radiographs were obtained at precise rotation intervals. Those pins that were placed intra-articularly could not be made to appear otherwise. The pin that was placed extra-articularly was visualized on a single view to be extra-articular. Therefore, if hardware can be demonstrated to be extra-articular on any one view then it is not intra-articular.     

Osteoid osteoma in the medial malleolus

A case of osteoid osteoma in an unusual location is reported. The osteoma was diagnosed, and the nidus was localized to the anterior colliculus of the medial malleolus based on the clinical symptoms and on the findings in radionuclide bone scanning, tomography, and computerized tomographic (CT) scanning. After precise radiographic localization of the nidus, it was determined that the lesion could be excised surgically without compromising the ankle joint. The tumor was removed by en block excision and curettage. At 10 months follow-up, the patient was free of pain without impairment of function.