髋动力锁定钢板与交锁型股骨近端髓内钉治疗中老年股骨转子间骨折体会

背景:老年股骨转子间骨折进行积极的内固定治疗已被大家认同,但选择何种固定方式,尚无权威标准.目的:比较应用髋动力锁定钢板与交锁型股骨近端髓内钉两种不同内固定方式修复股骨转子间骨折的疗效,探讨内固定选择的临床依据.方法:选择2005年8月至2014年4月在吐鲁番地区中心医院骨科收治的中老年股骨转子间骨折患者66例,分别接受髋动力锁定钢板(锁定钢板组)与交锁型股骨近端髓内钉(交锁髓内钉组)内固定治疗,分析比较两组患者下地活动时间及负重时间、骨折愈合时间、功能恢复程度及并发症发生情况.结果与结论:所有患者治疗后随访18-24个月,平均20个月.锁定钢板组和交锁髓内钉组患者骨折愈合时间均为12周左右,修复后2周Harris髋关节功能评分比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),但交锁髓内钉组患者下地活动时间及负重时间短于锁定钢板组(P＜0.01).随访过程中,锁定钢板组1例发生髋内翻,交锁髓内钉组1例因摔倒坠落再次发生骨折.结果提示两种内固定系统治疗股骨转子部骨折均可获得良好的疗效,应根据患者具体情况选择适合的修复方式和植入物.     

股骨近端锁定钢板与动力髋螺钉治疗转子间骨折的分析

目的 比较股骨近端锁定钢板与动力髋螺钉(DHS)治疗股骨转子间骨折的临床效果.方法 收集2007年6月～2010年12月来我院就诊的股骨转予间骨折的患者87例,随机分成两组,分别采用股骨近端锁定钢板(47例)和DHS(40例)治疗,比较两组患者的手术时间、术中出血、骨折愈合时间、髋关节功能Harris评分及术后并发症.结果 87例患者均获得随访,平均随访时间为11.6个月.两组患者在手术时间上无明显差异(P＞0.05),但近端锁定钢板组术中出血多于DHS组(P＜0.01);两组患者骨折愈合时间及Harris评分无统计学差异(P＞0.05);近端锁定钢板组出现2例锁定螺钉进入髋关节的并发症,DHS组出现1例髋内翻、1例头钉拔出.结论 股骨近端锁定钢板治疗转子间骨折临床效果与DHS相似,是一种较为理想的手术方式.     

骨质疏松患者转子间骨折不同治疗方法的比较

目的 通过对使用人工股骨头置换以及动力髋螺钉(DHS)治疗股骨转子问骨折的结果 进行比较分析,探讨两者之间的差异. 方法 采用同顾性总结的方法 ,收集86例老年股骨转子问骨折,随机分别采用人工股骨头置换术及DHS的治疗方法 ,经过6个月以上的随访,比较两组间在手术所用时间、术后髋部的功能评分丢失及内固定物松动等方而存在的异同. 结果 DHS内固定纽于术花费了更长的时间;不同骨质疏松的高、中、低危各DHS治疗组,松动率随疏松程度不同而有显著不同,而半髋置换组对不同骨质疏松程度无明显不同反应;DHS内同定组有42%内固定穿出骨皮质现象,而半髋置换组患者则无明显的假体松动依据. 结论 对于骨质疏松的转了间骨折患者,为能获得早期更多功能恢复及较少的术后并发症发生,人工股骨头置换术是DHS固定方法 较为合理的替代.     

髓内钉与锁定钢板内固定治疗肱骨干骨折22例疗效分析

目的探讨并比较髓内钉与锁定钢板两种内固定方式治疗肱骨干骨折的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2008年1月—2011年1月我院手术治疗的肱骨干骨折病例22例,其中采用髓内钉治疗11例,采用锁定钢板治疗11例,比较两组手术时间、术中出血量、并发症发生率、骨折愈合时间、对关节功能影响等。结果经随访12～36月,两组骨折愈合时间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),手术时间、平均术中出血量差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论治疗肱骨干骨折选用髓内钉及锁定钢板内固定均取得很好疗效,髓内钉对患者创伤较小,更有利于患者康复。     

人工股骨头置换与动力髋螺钉治疗老年股骨转子间骨折的对比研究

目的 比较人工股骨头置换与动力髋螺钉(DHS)内固定治疗老年股骨转子间骨折的临床效果.方法 自2004年1月至2007年4月,将62例不稳定的老年股骨转子间骨折患者按随机数字表法分为两组进行治疗:人工股骨头置换(关节组)和DHS内固定(螺钉组)各31例,经随访分析,对比两组疗效.结果 58例患者获随访(关节组28例,螺钉组30例),随访时间13～49个月,平均80岁.两组平均手术时间:关节组(76.07±6.29)min,螺钉组(117.50±8.88)min(P<0.05);术中平均出血量:关节组(305.36±34.26)ml,螺钉组(431.67±53.31)ml(P<0.05);并发症:关节组3例,螺钉组10例(P<0.05);髋关节功能评定(Harris评分法):关节组(85.46±3.05)分,螺钉组(79.73±2.57)分(P>0.05).结论 DHS内固定仍可作为治疗老年股骨转子间骨折的有效术式之一;对于高龄、骨质疏松、不稳定股骨转子间骨折患者,人工股骨头置换术中出血较少,下地时间较早,并发症较少,但不能取代内固定手术.     

人工股骨头置换术对超高龄不稳定型股骨转子间骨折伴骨质疏松症治疗的近期临床疗效

目的 探讨人工股骨头置换术对超高龄不稳定型股骨转子间骨折伴骨质疏松症的临床效果.方法 回顾性分析2018年1月—2019年7月河北省人民医院骨科收治超高龄(≥90岁)不稳定型股骨转子间骨折伴骨质疏松症患者96例,男性42例,女性54例;年龄91～106岁,平均95.8岁,均为摔伤导致骨折.根据患者术式不同(患者自愿选择)分为髓内钉内固定组与股骨头置换组,各48例,髓内钉内固定组行防旋型股骨近端髓内钉治疗,股骨头置换组行人工股骨头置换治疗.髓内钉内固定组男性22例,女性26例;年龄91～106岁,平均96.2岁.股骨头置换组男性20例,女性28例;年龄92～105岁,平均95.6岁.观察两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、下地负重时间、术后3个月、1年Harris评分优良率以及并发症发生情况.结果 髓内钉内固定组手术时间(67.2±9.3)min短于股骨头置换组(90.6±10.4)min,差异有统计学意义;术中出血量(121.8±31.4)mL少于股骨头置换组(130.7±40.6)mL,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),髓内钉内固定组下地负重行走时间(12.5±2.0)d长于股骨头置换组(5.6±2.1)d,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后3个月、1年随访,股骨头置换组Harris评分优良率分别为85％和92％,髓内钉固定组65％和71％,股骨头置换组优于髓内钉固定组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).髓内钉内固定组患者发生术后并发症4例,分别为泌尿系感染2例、患肢深静脉血栓形成2例;股骨头置换组2例,均为坠积性肺炎,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 应用人工股骨头置换治疗≥90岁的超高龄不稳定型股骨转子间骨折伴骨质疏松症患者,其近期临床效果优于防旋型股骨近端髓内钉治疗,值得临床推广应用.     

两种内固定手术治疗老年股骨转子间骨折的隐性失血量及预后比较

目的比较动力髋螺钉(dynamic hip screw,DHS)、股骨近端抗旋髓内钉(proximal femoral nail antirotation,PF NA)内固定治疗老年股骨转子间骨折的效果。方法收集我院骨科收治的68例老年股骨转子间骨折患者,其中DHS内固定治疗32例(DHS组),PFNA内固定36例(PFNA组),患者术后均完成1年随访,统计2组患者手术时间、住院时间、术后完全负重时间、骨折愈合时间、隐性失血量,监测髋关节功能变化,比较2组预后。结果 1DHS组总有效率为93.75%,与PFNA组的94.44%对比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);2PFNA组手术时间、住院时间、术后完全负重时间、骨折愈合时间均短于DHS组(P<0.05);3PFNA组术后1、2~3、4~5 d隐性失血量均少于DHS组(P<0.05);4术后,2组Harris评分均上升,与术前对比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),PFNA组术后3、6、12个月后评分上升幅度均高于DHS组(P<0.05);5术后3、6、12个月PFNA组日常生活活动力表(activies of daihy living,ADL)评分均高于DHS组(P<0.05)。结论 PFNA内固定术治疗老年股骨转子间骨折,整体效果好,患者隐性失血量少,术后髋关节功能恢复快,预后好。     

三种内固定系统固定股骨远端骨折的疗效分析

目的分析股膏远端骨折的三种内固定系统的临床疗效及适应证。方法手术治疗股骨远端骨折62例,分别采用锁定钢板（LcP）、髁支持钢板、逆行髓内钉内固定治疗,术后随访比较分析三组患者的治疗效果。结果三组患者术后均得随访,随访时间8—22月（平均10,4-4．2月）;按Merchan评分标准评定术后功能恢复情况;三组患者的手术时间、骨折愈合时间、恢复工作时间、并发症比较,差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;但逆行髓内钉组的术中出血量明显少于其它两组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;LCP组的术后优良率优于其它两组,差异具有统计意义（P〈O．05）。结论三种内固定系统用于股骨远端骨折的治疗,均能取得良好疗效。但是,LCP是骨质疏松性骨折、c型骨折的最佳选择;髁支持钢板适合于骨质条件好、低能量创伤所致的A型与B型、c1、c2型骨折;逆行髓内钉主要用于A型骨折。     

多功能带锁髓内钉与双钢板治疗胫骨近端关节外骨折的临床效果比较

目的比较多功能带锁髓内钉(TINMI)、双钢板治疗胫骨近端关节外骨折的临床效果。方法收集笔者医院2009年3月~2014年7月治疗的胫骨近端关节外骨折患者80例,根据采用内固定的不同分为TINMI组、钢板组,TINMI组35例,其中男性20例,女性15例;平均年龄(45.7±7.9)岁。致伤原因:道路交通伤18例,高空坠落伤12例,其他伤5例。钢板组45例,其中男性25例,女性20例;平均年龄(48.3±8.1)岁。致伤原因:道路交通伤24例,高空坠落伤15例,其他伤6例。两组患者一般资料具有可比性,统计两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、术中透视次数、平均骨折愈合时间、部分负重时间、完全负重时间、骨折愈合优良率、术后并发症情况等。结果两组患者均获得1年以上随访,两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、术中透视次数、部分负重时间差异无统计学意义(P0.05),TINMI组患者平均骨折愈合时间、完全负重时间明显短于钢板组(P0.05),TINMI组骨折愈合优良率为82.9%,钢板组患者骨折愈合优良率为62.2%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),TINMI组患者总并发症率为14.3%,钢板组患者优良率为24.4%,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 TINMI与钢板治疗胫骨近端关节外骨折手术操作复杂程度类似,但TINMI具有骨折愈合时间及完全负重时间短、骨折愈合优良率高、并发症少等优点,值得临床推广     

老年股骨粗隆间骨折的手术治疗：应用DHS与PFNA的疗效比较

目的对动力髋螺钉（dynamichipserew,DHS）内固定和防旋型股骨近端髓内钉（proximalfemoralnailan．tirotation,PFNA）内固定治疗股骨粗隆间骨折的疗效及术后并发症进行对比研究。方法对107例股骨粗隆间骨折患者分别给予DHS和PFNA内固定术,并对患者的骨折类型、术后并发症和总体疗效进行比较。结果两组随访平均28个月（24～36个月）。DHS组术后并发症总发生率显著高于PFNA组,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论对于股骨粗隆间骨折的患者,PFNA内固定术具有更好的疗效和更少的术后并发症,但仍需依据骨折类型、骨质疏松情况及内固定生物力学特点选择术式,重视患者术后功能康复锻炼。     

Stress MR imaging for evaluation of popliteal artery entrapment

The popliteal artery entrapment (PAE) syndrome has been recognized as a cause of arterial occlusion in young people. It is the result of an anomaly of the relationship between the popliteal artery and the gastrocnemius muscle. Eight young healthy volunteers (16 legs) and six patients (10 legs) with suspected PAE underwent magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Gradient-echo images were obtained in axial planes with the leg at rest and during active plantar flexion against resistance. Imaging at rest allowed identification of PAE signs in only one leg, which had an anomalous medial course of the popliteal artery. In the other cases, only the stress technique was able to show signal loss in the popliteal artery due to muscular compression (two legs) or the presence of accessory muscle slip around the vessel (two legs), as confirmed at surgery. MR imaging is therefore a useful technique for the diagnosis of PAE because of its capability of combining information obtainable with other modalities.     

MR imaging of muscle and tender points in fibromyalgia

Fibromyalgia is a syndrome manifested by chronic, diffuse muscu-loskeletal aching and soreness, palpable muscle tender points, and other symptoms. Standardized clinical diagnostic criteria have recently been developed. Skeletal muscle has been postulated as the end organ in this disease. Biochemical, histologic, electromyographic, and conventional radiographic studies have demonstrated no definitive abnormality. This study sought to establish whether magnetic resonance (MR) imaging could demonstrate any abnormality in these patients. Eighteen patients were entered in the study, 14 of whom were able to complete their examinations. T1 -weighted, T2-weighted, gradient-echo, and STIR (short-tau inversion-recovery) sequences were performed in all patients, with selected patients examined with T1weighted, gadopentetate dimeglu-mine-enhanced sequences. The trapezius and suboccipital regions were imaged in patients who, clinically, had active fibro-myalgia. No abnormalities could be detected. The authors conclude that the conventional MR imaging used in this study was unable to depict any primary skeletal muscle abnormality in fibromyalgia.     

Uterine contractions: Possible diagnostic pitfall at MR imaging

A total of 206 nongravid patients with various gynecologic problems underwent pelvic magnetic resonance (MR) examinations that included both sagittal T2-weighted and contrast agent–enhanced T1-weighted images. MR images were retrospectively reviewed to identify changes in endometrial configuration on serial images obtained during the same MR examination. In 20 MR examinations (all in women of reproductive age), endometrial distortion due to myometrial bulging was noted on T2-weighted or contrast-enhanced T1-weighted images. It was absent on other MR images obtained at different times. Myometrial bulging exhibited low signal intensity in 18 examinations. The finding resembled adenomyosis or leiomyoma on T2-weighted or contrast-enhanced T1-weighted images. These results evidence the presence of transient myometrial bulging and transient low-intensity myometrium in the nongravid uterus. This phenomenon is thought to represent uterine contraction. Clinicians should be aware of the potential presence of transient low-signal-intensity myometrial bulging that could present diagnostic problems in the normal uterus.     

Controversies in cervical spine imaging in trauma patients

No area of emergency radiology has generated as much discussion in recent years as the subject of cervical spine imaging for trauma patients. This review will be in three parts. The first will examine the indications for cervical imaging and will focus on those factors that make patients at high risk or low risk for cervical injury. The second part will discuss the merits of radiography and computed tomography as the main screening diagnostic examination. In addition to the roles of each modality in the evaluation process, such factors as efficacy of diagnosis, time (duration) of study, and cost will be discussed. Finally, the third part will explore the methods currently employed to clear the cervical spine in comatose patients.Presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Society of Emergency Radiology, Las Vegas, Nevada, 22–25 October, 2003     

Brodie Abscess: MR imaging appearance in 10 patients

The magnetic resonance (MR) imaging features of Brodie abscess have not yet been fully evaluated. Ten patients with Brodie abscess, eight of long bone and two of vertebra, were studied with MR imaging. Long bone abscess had a characteristic “target” appearance with four layers: (a) a center with low signal intensity on T1-weighted images and high signal intensity on T2-weighted and STIR (short-inversion-time inversion recovery) images, (b) an inner ring isointense to muscle on T1-weighted images and with high signal intensity on T2-weighted and STIR images, (c) an outer ring hypoin-tense on all images, and (d) a peripheral halo hypointense on T1-weighted images. In six of eight cases, a soft-tissue mass was found. The two vertebral abscesses had a less specific appearance, with low signal intensity on T1-weighted images and high signal intensity on T2-weighted and STIR images. Only the peripheral halo was clearly identified in both cases.     

Dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging assessment of vascularized free fibular grafts

Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging may be a noninvasive method for assessing perfusion of vascularized bone grafts placed for treatment of avascular necrosis. One proximal femur of seven beagles was devascularized, with insertion of a vascularized fibular graft. MR imaging at 1 week (seven dogs) and 6 weeks (five dogs) after surgery included pre- and postcontrast spin-echo sequences, unenhanced twodimensional time-of-flight (TOF) vascular imaging, and dynamic gradient-echo imaging during infusion of gadolinium. Relative signal intensity values of selected regions obtained from the dynamic gradientecho images were plotted as percent enhancement versus time. In the operated hip, MR imaging did not show enhancement in six of seven femoral heads and greater trochanters at 1 week after surgery, with similar results after 6 weeks. MR imaging of fibular grafts 6 weeks after surgery showed an initial rapid increase in enhancement and a subsequent slower increase in five of five dogs, although no enhancement was seen in six of seven dogs at 1 week. These findings contrasted with a rapid initial increase in enhancement followed by slow decline in non-operated hips. Two-dimensional TOP imaging did not show the vascular pedicle of the graft in any dog. Findings of radionuclide bone scanning performed 1 week after surgery were consistent with devascularization of the operated femur and fibular graft. However, tetracycline distribution and histologic findings confirmed the viability of five of five grafts within the devascularized femurs 6 weeks after surgery. Thus, dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging at 6 weeks after surgery is valuable for assessing vascular bone graft perfusion, while similar imaging at 1 week may suggest otherwise.     

Right-side aortic arch with aneurysm of aberrant left subclavian artery: MR imaging appearance.

Reports of aneurysms of the subclavian artery in both normal and anomalous aortic arches have been rare. The authors describe a patient with a right-side aortic arch and an aneurysm of the aberrant left subclavian artery, which, to the authors' knowledge, is a previously unreported association. At presentation, the aneurysm appeared as a calcified left superior mediastinal mass. Magnetic resonance imaging enabled preoperative diagnosis and guided surgical planning.     

Adrenal tissue characterization with 0.5-T MR imaging: Value of T2*-weighted images

The authors investigated the value of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging at 0.5 T for distinguishing adrenal adenomas from adrenal metastases. The series included 23 adrenal adenomas (18 nonhyperfunctioning, five hyperfunctioning) and 23 adrenal metastases from various organs. Adrenal tumor–liver signal intensity ratios on T1-, T2-, and T2*-weighted images were calculated for adrenal tissue characterization. Adrenal adenomas were more precisely distinguished from adrenal metastases on T2*-weighted images (21 of 23, 91%) than on T2-weighted images (15 of 23, 65%). T1-weighted images were not useful for this distinction. In conclusion, T2*-weighted images were better than routine T2-weighted images for distinguishing adrenal adenomas from adrenal metastases. It can be postulated that the total signal intensity of adrenal adenomas, which contain some fat components, decreased on T2*-weighted images because of an out-of-phase effect.     

MR angiography of congenital heart disease: Value of segmented two-dimensional inflow technique and maximum-intensity-projection display

Magnetic resonance (MR) angiography of the cardiovascular system was evaluated in 41 patients with congenital heart disease by using a two-dimensional (2D) inflow technique based on a magnetization-prepared gradient-echo pulse sequence with segmented k-space data acquisition and electrocardiographic gating at 0.5 T. Inversion and saturation prepulses were used to suppress stationary tissue and enhance intravascular signal. Presaturation slabs were applied where certain vascular structures had to be suppressed. Sequence parameters were optimized by evaluating signal intensity and contrast characteristics for various flip angles and inversion and saturation delay times. The heart and intrathoracic vasculature were encompassed with 40–50 overlapping sections. Both 2D angiograms and maximum-intensity-projection images were evaluated. Combining data sets acquired in the sagittal and transverse orientations provided the most satisfactory information about the pulmonary arteries. The highest signal-to-noise ratios were obtained with a flip angle of 65° and short prepulse delay times. Two-dimensional MR angiography can provide useful diagnostic information but requires a thorough understanding of in-plane and hemodynamically induced signal intensity changes.