微创人工关节置换治疗髋关节强直

目的 探讨微创全人工关节置换治疗髋关节强直的疗效.方法 2006年6月至2009年7月,13例(21髋)髋关节强直患者在微创入路下行人工全髋关节置换,年龄20～66岁(平均46岁),病因为:强直性脊柱炎5例(10髋),类风湿性关节炎4例(6髋),股骨头无菌性坏死继发严重骨性关节炎2例(3髋),髋关节感染后遗强直畸形2例...     

Comparative study on early period of recovery between minimally invasive surgery total knee arthroplasty and minimally invasive surgery-quadriceps sparing total knee arthroplasty in Chinese patients

Background Different kinds of minimally invasive surgery （MIS） procedures have now been used in total knee arthroplasty （TKA）. Compared with traditional TKA procedure with a long skin incision, clinical studies showed MIS procedures had some advantages. Quadriceps sparing （QS） procedures are the most minimally invasive MIS procedure until now. This study was aimed to find the insertion types for Chinese patients＇ vastus medialis and if the QS procedure had some advantages in patients＇ early recovery. Methods Between February 2006 and May 2007, 120 consecutive patients underwent unilateral primary TKA under general anesthesia, among whom 14 patients were lost to follow-up, the remaining 106 cases were enrolled in this study. Among the 106 cases there were 85 right knees, 21 left knees （15 men and 91 women, with a mean age of 65.1±7.4 years）; osteoarthritis in 97 patients （91.5%） and rheumatoid arthritis in 9 patients （8.5%）. MIS TKA was performed in 49 cases （MIS TKA group）, while MIS-QS TKA in 57 cases （MIS-QS TKA group）. During the operation, the type Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ insertions of the vastus medialis for all patients were recorded. Each knee was rated post-operatively according to the Hospital of Special Surgery （HSS） scoring system. Clinical follow-up was undertaken at 1 week, 2, 6, 12 and 24 weeks. Operating time and complications were recorded. Results There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups for gender distribution, age, left or right knee incidence, pre-operative diagnosis, incidence of varus or valgus deformity. Of the 106 cases there was 1 （0.9%） case with a type Ⅰ insertion of the vastus medialis, 4 （3.8%） cases with type Ⅱ insertions, 101 （95.3%） cases with type Ⅲ insertions. The HSS scoring was significantly different between the MIS-QS TKA group and MIS TKA group within the first two weeks post operation. From 2 weeks later to 24 weeks, no significant difference was found. The average operating time was （53.3     

Anterolateral muscle sparing approach total hip arthroplasty:

Background Many kinds of approaches have been used for minimally invasive surgery of total hip arthroplasty （MIS-THA）. However, until now when considering the balance of efficacy and associated surgical injury there is no approach widely accepted for MIS-THA. In this study, a modified anterolateral muscle sparing approach was developed to optimize MIS-THA. Methods Twenty adult cadaver specimens （40 hips） were used for anatomic research. The distance from anterior origin of the gluteus medius on the iliac crest to the anterior superior iliac spine was measured; the course of the superior gluteal nerve and the distances from the nerve to the regional anatomic landmarks were recorded. Simulated surgeries were performed in three fresh cadaver specimens to evaluate the soft tissues injury around incisions. From October 2004 to June 2006, 57 patients （57 hips） were treated with anterolateral muscle sparing minimally invasive total hip arthroplasty, of which 17 were femoral neck fractures, 9 osteoarthritis, 16 developmental dysplasia of hip （DDH） and 15 avascular necrosis （AVN）. All the operations were performed by the same senior surgeon. Operation time, blood loss and drainage volume were recorded and the correlation between the local complications and the native anatomical characteristics was especially noted. All cases were followed for at least 12 months. Results The distance from the anterior origin of the gluteus medius to anterior superior iliac spine along the iliac crest was （61±4） mm （range, 55-68 mm）, and the distance from inferior branch of the superior gluteal nerve to the anterior tubercle of the greater trochanter was （74±6）mm （range, 60-88 mm）. In simulated surgeries, excessive distraction of tissue was found to be the main cause of the anterior border injury of the gluteus medius muscle. Of the 57 patients treated with anterolateral muscle sparing MIS-THA, the average incision length was 9 cm （range 7.5-13 cm）. Blood transfusions were performed in 11 patients.     

小切口单髁置换和全膝关节置换配对比较临床早期结果

目的：通过配对比较，观察小切口单髁置换和全膝关节置换治疗单室膝关节骨性关节炎的早期临床结果。方法：2001年6－12月，新加坡中央医院采用小切口单髁置换连续治疗50例内侧单室膝关节骨关节炎患者，同时对在年龄、临床症状、膝关节的X线分级上进行配对比较的50例内侧单室膝关节骨关节炎患者进行全膝关节置换。小切口单髁置换组，男9例，女41例；年龄52－85岁，平均64岁。全膝关节置换组，男8例，女42例；年龄55－80岁，平均67岁。临床均表现为膝关节内侧间隙疼痛，Ahlback X线分级I－Ⅲ级。结果：小切口单髁置换组与全膝关节置换组比较，具有出血量少、膝关节功能恢复快、住院时间短、并发症少、创伤小、康复快、费用少等优点。结论：对于单室膝关节骨关节炎，小切口单髁置换与全膝关节置换术比较，其早期临床结果具有明显的优点。     

Minimally invasive two-incision total hip arthroplasty: a short-term retrospective report of 27 cases

Background Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is widely applied for the treatment of end-stage painful hip arthrosis. Traditional THA needed a long incision and caused significant soft tissue trauma. Patients usually required long recovery time after the operation. In this research we aimed to study the feasibility and clinical outcomes of minimally invasive two-incision THA. Methods From February 2004 to March 2005, 27 patients, 12 males and 15 females with a mean age of 71 years (55–76), underwent minimally invasive two-incision THA in our department. The patients included 9 cases of osteoarthritis, 10 cases of osteonecrosis, and 8 cases of femoral neck fracture. The operations were done with VerSys cementless prosthesis and minimally invasive instruments from Zimmer China. Operation time, blood loss, length of incision, postoperative hospital stay, and complications were observed. Results The mean operation time was 90 minutes (80–170 min). The mean blood loss was 260 ml (170–450 ml) and blood transfusion was carried out in 4 cases of femoral neck fracture (average 400 ml). The average length of the anterior incision was 5.0 cm (4.6–6.5 cm) and of the posterior incision 3.7 cm (3.0–4.2 cm). All of the patients were ambulant the day after surgery. Nineteen patients were discharged 5 days post-operatively and 8 patients 7 days post-operatively. The patients were followed for 18 months (13–25 months). One patient was complicated by a proximal femoral fracture intraoperatively. No other complications, including infections, dislocations, and vascular injuries, occurred. The mean Harris score was 94.5 (92–96). Conclusions Two-incision THA has the advantage of being muscle sparing and minimally invasive with less blood loss and rapid recovery. However, this technique is time consuming, technically demanding, and requires fluoroscopy.     

直接前侧微创入路全髋关节置换术临床应用研究

目的探讨直接前侧微创入路全髋关节置换术(THA)的临床应用效果。方法回顾性分析53例行直接前侧微创入路THA患者的临床资料,观察患者并发症发生情况,采用Harris评分评价患者的髋关节功能;通过骨盆正位X线片观察患者的假体位置及假体松动等情况。结果本组病例的平均手术时间为(114.3±38.9)min,平均术中失血量为(496.1±322.4)mL。术前Harris髋关节评分平均为38.9±11.9,术后12个月为93.2±14.6,术后Harris髋关节评分显著高于术前(t=-2.689,P=0.008)。臼杯前倾角平均为18.0°±7.6°,外展角平均为46.1°±8.5°。体质量指数与术中失血量及臼杯前倾角之间无显著相关性(r=0.102,P=0.089;r=0.112,P=0.075),但与手术时间(r=0.178,P=0.036)及臼杯外展角(r=0.154,P=0.028)呈弱正相关关系;手术时间随着手术例数的增加有减少趋势。术中发生手术切口周围神经损伤2例(3.8%),股骨近端骨折2例(3.8%);术后发生深静脉血栓形成3例(5.6%),髋关节脱位3例(5.6%);并发症发生率为20.8%。结论直接前侧微创入路THA创伤小,手术时间短,患者术后恢复快,有利于保留髋关节周围肌群正常张力,维持髋关节稳定。采用直接前侧微创入路THA,应熟练掌握手术技术,避免并发症的发生,以保证获得良好的手术效果。     

微创手术与标准手术在全膝关节置换疗效中的系统评价

目的 采用系统评价的方法比较微创手术和标准手术初次全膝关节置换的早期疗效.方法 计算机检索MEDLINE(1996年6月至2010年12月)、EMBASE(1996年6月至2010年12月)、PubMed( 1996年6月至2010年12月),Cochrane图书馆(2010年第2期);手工检索中华外科等国内近10年发表的关于微创手术和标准手术初次全膝关节置换的随机对照研究、荟萃分析和系统评价.评价指标包括:手术时间及出血量、术后5d膝关节VAS疼痛评分、活动范围ROM、股四头肌功能恢复时间、术后6周膝关节KSS评分、术后并发症、影像学指标(下肢胫股角和假体对线不良).结果 与标准手术方法比较:微创手术所需时间更长[WMD 14.16,95％CI(12.61,15.71)],但出血量少[ WMD 8.31,95％ CI(6.16,10.46)].在术后3～5 d VAS疼痛评分较低[WMD 4.99,95％ CI(4.19,5.78)].术后股四头肌功能恢复时间更短[WMD 4.99,95％CI(4.19,5.78)].微创手术并发症更多[RR 1.44,95％CI(1.00,2.07)].标准手术术后假体对线不良发生率略低于微创组.但两组差异仍无统计学意义[ WMD 0.20,95％CI( -0.12,0.52);RR 1.57,95％ CI(0.88,2.83)].结论 与传统手术方法比较,微创手术术后疼痛较轻;股四头肌功能恢复更快;出血量少.但采用微创手术所需时间更长,术后并发症更多,需严格把握手术适应证.术后影像学对假体位置的评估,标准手术更精确.     

全膝关节置换术治疗膝内翻畸形的中期效果分析

目的 探讨不同Krackow分型膝内翻畸形患者行全膝关节置换术（TKA）的中期效果。方法 选取聊城市中医医院2017年1月—2019年1月收治的膝关节内翻畸形患者80例作为研究对象,共98膝。根据改良版Krackow分型将80例患者的膝内翻膝关节分为Ⅰ型34例（40膝）、Ⅱ型26例（36膝）、Ⅲ型20例（22膝）。所有患者均接受TKA,比较不同Krackow分型患者手术前后的内翻角度、膝关节活动度及HSS评分;比较各组患者术后随访24个月的并发症发生情况。结果 手术前Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型、Ⅲ型3组患者内翻角度、HSS评分比较,差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）;膝关节活动度比较,差异无统计学意义（P >0.05）。手术后不同分型患者内翻角度、HSS评分及膝关节活动度较术前均得到改善（P <0.05）;且I型患者内翻角度、HSS评分、膝关节活动度高于Ⅱ型、Ⅲ型患者（P <0.05）,Ⅱ型患者内翻角度、HSS评分、膝关节活动度高于Ⅲ型患者（P <0.05）。3组不同分型患者术后均未出现严重并发症,仅Ⅱ型和Ⅲ型患者中各有1例在TKA术后发生感染,其余患者未发生血栓、关节腔积血等严重并发症,3组患者并发症发生情况比较,差异无统计学意义（P >0.05）。结论 TKA治疗不同Krackow分型的膝内翻畸形均有良好效果,可改善患者内翻角度、HSS评分及膝关节活动度,应及早进行手术干预治疗。     

QS微创全膝关节置换术的早期疗效观察

目的检查QS微创全膝关节置换术早期的临床效果。方法选取自2005年9月至2006年12月,本科行QS微创全膝关节置换术20例25膝为QS组,年龄59～82岁,平均68岁,女性患者15例(19膝),男性5例(6膝)。手术前诊断骨性关节炎18例,类风湿性关节炎2例。选取本科同期同等条件患者22例(25膝)作为对照组。对照组行传统的标准全膝关节置换术。检测2组手术前后KSS评分、主观无痛时间、出血量、手术切口长度、术后完全负重行走时间,评价两组手术效果。结果无一例失访。随访时间4～19个月,平均12个月。QS组手术前KSS评分(58.0±4.1)分,手术后1周达到(93.0±1.2)分;手术切口长度为(10.0±1.1)cm;平均出血量为600ml。最后随访时患者无感染、下肢深静脉栓塞、假体周围骨折、假体松动、血管神经损伤和脱位等并发症发生。结论QS微创全膝关节置换术不破坏股四头肌和伸膝装置,与传统全膝关节置换术相比具有出血少、疼痛缓解和功能康复迅速等优点,早期临床效果良好,其成功关键在于选择理想的患者和手术技术的精益求精。     

半月板旋转型人工膝关节置换治疗中老年膝关节病

目的探讨半月板旋转型人工膝关节置换(rotating-platform total knee arthroplasty)治疗中老年膝关节病的临床特点、手术技巧和并发症防治。方法回顾性分析该院2002年1月～2006年1月施行的半月板旋转型人工膝关节置换42例54膝,采用HSS(hospitalforspecialsurgery,HSS)膝关节评分标准和美国膝关节协会全膝关节置换术X线评分进行手术前后比较。结果42例术后随访6～49个月,平均21个月,HSS评分术后平均为93.1分,采用统计软件SPSS11.5分析,t=-45.35,P<0.01,优良率达100%。活动范围术后平均129.4°,X线评分提高到术后平均90.98分,t=-31.71,P<0.01。全部患者均可站立及行走,未发现假体松动。结论半月板旋转型人工膝关节置换术后无痛、稳定、活动好,手术操作简便,并发症少,近期效果满意。     

初次全膝关节置换术中两种胫骨假体旋转对线方法的对比

目的 探讨初次全膝关节置换术中两种胫骨假体旋转对线方法的临床效果。方法 选取2017 年2 月至2019 年2 月在本院接受初次全膝关节置换术治疗的手术患者70 例作为本次的研究对象,根据患者的入院时间随机分为两组。对照组35 例,采用基于Insall 线行胫骨假体旋转对线技术,试验组35 例,采用基于Akagi 线行胫骨假体旋转对线技术。采用膝关节功能评分表对全膝关节置换术术后患者的临床疗效进行评估,通过CT 影像数据对胫骨假体旋转角度机进行测量并对比。结果 术前两组患者KSS 评分比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;术后末次随访,两组患者的KSS 评分比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;两组术后末次随访KSS 评分均高于术前,两组比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。对照组KSS 评分总优良率为82.86%,试验组为91.43%,两组比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。试验组末次随访的胫骨假体旋转角度总体优于对照组,两组比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;试验组的胫骨假体外旋角度小于对照组,内旋角度大于对照组,且试验组的胫骨假体外旋占比少于对照组,胫骨假体内旋占比多于对照组,两组比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 在初次全膝关节置换术后,与基于Insall 线行胫骨假体旋转对线技术相比,基于Akagi 线行胫骨假体旋转对线技术进行治疗能够有效减少术后发生胫骨假体旋转不佳的情况,临床治疗效果更佳,患者术后的生活质量也更好,值得在临床中应用和推广。     

假体内旋与初次全膝关节置换术后疼痛因素的分析

疼痛是全膝关节置换术(TKA)后不满意的常见原因,其通常有感染、无菌性松动等因素,但仍有部分患者无法明确病因。近年研究发现术后不明原因疼 痛可能和旋转力线不良相关,作者分析了本院32例初次TKA术后不明原因膝痛患者的旋转力线,并将其和无疼痛患者比较,探讨术后疼痛和旋转力线的关系。发现疼痛组患者胫骨旋转角、股骨旋转角、联合旋转角、胫股失匹配角均较无疼痛组内旋,两组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组术后VAS评分、KSS功能评分、膝关节活动度比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。故假体内旋是初次TKA术后不明原因疼痛的一大因素,应避免假体过度内旋安放,减少术后疼痛发生。     

小切口单髁置换术治疗膝关节骨性关节炎

目的：探讨小切口单髁置换术治疗膝关节骨性关节炎的近期疗效与手术技术。方法：回顾性分析2003年1月～2008年2月34例（36膝）经小切口单髁置换术治疗的膝关节单间室骨性关节炎患者的资料。对患者术前、后膝关节疼痛与关节活动度进行评估（HSS评分）,测量对比术前、后膝关节力线,分析术中遇到的问题及应对方法。结果：术后平均随访16个月（3～49个月）,36膝术后关节负重内侧间室疼痛减轻或消失,膝屈曲度平均达126°,术后力线平均内翻2°。HSS评分由术前62分增至96分,优良率达91%。结论：小切口单髁置换术治疗膝关节骨性关节炎近期疗效满意,具有创伤小、恢复快、症状改善明显等特点。     

经后方传统及微创全髋关节置换切口的比较研究

目的 比较经后方传统及微创全髋关节置换入路的临床疗效.方法 由同一组手术医生行传统切口全髋关节置换50例,微创切口全髋关节置换36例.比较两种不同入路的手术时间、出血量、术后并发症、术后12周Harris评分及假体的位置、血沉及c-反应蛋白.结果 所有病例均获得随访,出血量、术后并发症、术后12周Harris评分及假体的位置、术后疼痛评分经统计学处理差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).在传统入路血沉及C-反应蛋白较高(P＜0.05).结论 传统及外侧微创全髋关节入路均体现了满意的临床疗效,微创入路创伤较小.     

Risk factors for lower limb swelling after primary total knee arthroplasty

Background  Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a successful surgical technique for patients with advanced knee osteoarthritis; however, some peri-operative complications can not be predicted or avoided completely. This study aimed to investigate the factors affecting limb swelling after primary total knee arthroplasty, to guide and improve patient rehabilitation.

Methods  Using a hospital database, we retroactively analyzed the mean changes in limb circumferences of 286 consecutive patients who underwent primary unilateral total knee arthroplasty between October 2007 and August 2009. The lower limb circumference change was calculated and analyzed statistically. The influence of age, gender, body mass index, the presence of deep vein thrombosis, methods of anti-coagulation, operation time, hidden blood loss, and type of prosthesis on post-operative lower limb swelling was studied.

Results  Swelling was most pronounced from the third to the fifth post-operative day and usually occurred in both lower limbs. Swelling was significantly more pronounced in the operated limb than in the non-operated limb. The swelling above the knee was also significantly greater than that below the knee. The change in limb circumference at 10 cm above the knee was significantly different between the patients with body mass index ≤25 kg/m² and those with body mass index >25 kg/m². However, the change in limb circumference at 10 cm below the knee was not significantly different between the two groups. There was no statistically significant difference in limb swelling between different age groups (P >0.05). Similarly, gender, methods of anti-coagulation, the presence of deep vein thrombosis, the type of prosthesis, and operation time did not significantly affect post-operative limb swelling. Multivariate linear regression showed that the factors affecting post-operative limb swelling were body mass index and hidden blood loss.

Conclusions  Lower limb swelling after total knee arthroplasty is related to early post-operative hidden blood loss. The patient’s hemoglobin level should be monitored. The degree of limb swelling is correlated with the patient’s body mass index and the amount of hidden blood loss. Early intramuscular deep vein thrombosis formation has little effect on limb swelling.

     

术后快速康复对全膝关节置换术后功能的影响

目的 通过对比全膝关节置换术(total knee arthroplasty, TKA)患者术后功能结果,探讨术后快速康复(enhanced recovery after surgery, ERAS)方案对TKA术后功能的影响。方法 以首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院2010年1月1日到2021年12月31日1 881例诊断为膝关节骨关节炎的住院患者为研究对象,根据是否应用ERAS方案分为ERAS组和对照组。收集两组患者基本信息、术前和术后1个月的膝关节活动度、美国膝关节协会评分(American Knee Society Score, KSS)、西大略湖和麦克马斯特大学骨关节炎评分(the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities, WOMAC)以及术后1个月患者满意度。结果 实施术后快速康复方案后,ERAS组住院时间及住院费用明显低于对照组,组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。术后1个月,ERAS组患者KSS临床和功能评分以及膝关节活动度明显优于对照组,患者术后满意度明显高于对照组,组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);而术后1个...     

影响膝关节置换术术后膝前痛的相关因素

目的探讨膝关节骨关节炎患者膝关节置换术(total kneearthro plasty,TKA)术后膝前痛的发生率及其相关因素。方法自2007年1月～2010年1月128例在我院初次单侧膝关节置换术的骨性关节炎患者,入院后随机分为2组,实验组64例,安装骨水泥型髌骨假体;对照组64例,仅作髌骨去神经化处理,不做髌骨置换;观察2组患者膝前痛的发生率。术前膝关节内、外翻畸形和膝关节置换术后膝前痛的关系。结果所有患者随访6～24月,平均16.5月。实验组患者膝前痛发生率10.9/%(7/64),对照组膝前痛发生率为14.1%(9/64);两组比较无显著差异。膝内、外翻畸形患者,TKA术后膝前痛的发生率为21.2%(11/52)。结论 TKA术中在置换髌骨,并不能降低膝前痛的发生率。术前膝内、外翻畸形患者术后膝前痛并发症的发生率较高。     

全膝关节置换中髌骨成形术的临床应用

目的:回顾性分析比较全膝人工关节置换术(total knee arthroplasty, TKA)中髌骨成形与髌骨置换的临床疗效. 方法:自1999年5月至2004年1月住院治疗施行TKA且资料完整的骨关节炎及类风湿性关节炎203例患者,按髌骨不同处理方式分为两组:髌骨成形组及髌骨置换组,术后随访11～68个月,平均28.1个月.结果:两组患者术后膝关节评分及髌骨功能评分改善值均无显著性差异,随访时两组髌骨功能评分及膝关节屈伸活动范围亦无显著性差异.成形组髌骨并发症发生率显著低于置换组(P<0.01).成形组患者满意率高于置换组(P<0.05).随访时X线片测量髌骨倾斜角及外翻角,发现两组小角度的倾斜及外翻的发生率均较高,但两组之间无显著性差异.结论:全膝关节置换中采用髌骨成形术,尽可能地保留了髌骨骨量,适用于任何有股骨滑车的膝关节假体,术后短期疗效可靠、髌骨并发症低、患者满意率高,但中、远期疗效需进一步观察.     

全膝关节置换术研究进展

全膝关节置换术（TKA）在全世界每年都在快速增长,经过几十年的发展取得了很大进展。但是术后出现假体松动、伸屈和负重后出现畸形、疼痛等并发症,已经引起了广大骨科医生足够的重视。选择高质量的假体、设计个体化的假体和制定精确化的手术,成为骨科医生必须解决的问题。本文对近年来人工膝关节手术指征、假体、生物力学模型以及手术方式的演变进行阐述,并结合目前最新发展的技术对TKA未来发展的方向进行展望和预测。     

微创与常规全髋关节置换术临床疗效的比较

目的探讨微创与常规全髋关节置换术（total hip arthroplosty,THA）临床疗效。方法全髋关节置换术20例,按治疗方法不同分为髋关节前外侧小切口THA（微创组）10例和常规后外侧THA（常规组）10例;观察两组病例的手术时间、出血量、切口长度、并发症、术后疼痛程度、术后功能评价等。结果微创组优3例,良4例,中2例,差1例;常规组优2例,良3例,中3例,差2例。两组优良率比较差异有统计学意义（χ2=3．984,P〈0．05）;微创组术中出血量、引流量、输血量、切口长度[（315．5&#177;223．1）ml、（259．5&#177;170．1）ml、（88．5&#177;13．2）ml、（9．9&#177;0．4）cm]与常规组[（520．5&#177;219．7）ml、（517．9&#177;212．7）ml、（359．1&#177;31．5）ml、（15．8&#177;2．1）cm]有显著性差异（均P〈0．05）;微创组手术时间、术后3个月Harris评分与常规组无显著性差异（均P〉0．05）。结论微创全髋关节置换术,具有创伤小、出血少、安全、并发症少等优点。