羊膜移植联合结膜瓣遮盖术治疗深层细菌性角膜溃疡

目的探讨羊膜移植联合结膜瓣遮盖(复式遮盖)术治疗深层细菌性角膜溃疡的可行性,并对其疗效进行评价。方法观察角膜深层溃疡濒临穿孔患者30例(30只眼),分为复式遮盖和单纯遮盖组(单纯羊膜移植术),手术清创后采用抗体阴性无菌处理后的新鲜羊膜,于角膜深基质层溃疡底层放置2~3层羊膜,并将邻近的结膜瓣加压遮盖于羊膜表面,随访3~10个月,观察角膜溃疡愈合情况。结果复式遮盖组的15只眼,术后有2只眼结膜瓣回退,再次行球结膜覆盖;有1只眼羊膜自行溶解,无1例穿孔,溃疡均治愈,视力提高0.1以上8只眼。单式移植组中1周后羊膜脱落7只只眼,视力提高0.1以上2只眼。结论羊膜移植能促进角膜溃疡快速修复,减少瘢痕形成,为角膜溃疡缺损区提供理想的基底膜,在其上加固球结膜瓣(复式遮盖)可促进局部血液循环并使药物向溃疡处缓慢渗透,达到控制炎症预防角膜穿孔的目的。     

羊膜移植与结膜瓣遮盖在角膜溃疡治疗中临床疗效的对比观察

目的:分析羊膜移植与结膜瓣遮盖在角膜溃疡治疗中的临床疗效,探讨其在角膜溃疡治疗中的不同手术适应范围,为临床治疗提供循证医学依据。方法:回顾性分析我院2004-10/2009-07行羊膜移植或结膜瓣遮盖手术治疗的角膜溃疡住院患者46例47眼,其中病毒性角膜溃疡13例14眼,真菌性角膜溃疡19例19眼,细菌性角膜溃疡7例7眼,蚕食及边缘性角膜溃疡3例3眼,无菌炎症性角膜溃疡2例2眼,手术引起角膜内皮失代偿致角膜上皮大泡、溃疡2例2眼;穿孔9例9眼。上述患者行病灶清除+羊膜移植或结膜瓣遮盖手术治疗,行羊膜移植17例18眼,结膜瓣遮盖29例29眼,其中结膜瓣遮盖后行角膜移植2例2眼,术后针对原发病进一步进行药物治疗。结果:羊膜移植治疗后,治愈13例14眼,治愈率为78%(14/18);行结膜瓣遮盖治疗后,治愈23例23眼,治愈率为79%(23/29);二者在临床治愈率上没有明显的差别(P>0.05)。结论:羊膜移植与结膜瓣遮盖根据不同的溃疡类型及不同的溃疡发展进程选择合适的手术方式可以达到较好的手术疗效。     

羊膜移植联合结膜瓣遮盖术防止角膜穿孔

目的 探讨羊膜移植联合结膜瓣遮盖术防止角膜穿孔的临床疗效.方法 采用羊膜移植联合结膜瓣遮盖治疗难治性角膜炎致角膜濒临穿孔24例,术后继续局部药物治疗,随访3-10个月,观察角膜愈合情况.结果 术后均未见羊膜植片的急性排斥反应,所有手术病例无一出现角膜穿孔,角膜溃疡逐渐修复,角膜基质有不间程度的增厚,多数患者术后视力均有不同程度的提高.结论 羊膜移植联合结膜瓣遮盖是治疗角膜濒临穿孔的有效方法.     

结膜瓣遮盖术治疗难治性角膜溃疡

目的探讨应用结膜瓣遮盖术治疗难治性角膜溃疡的临床疗效。方法选取22例(22眼)难治性角膜溃疡患者,其中单纯疱疹病毒性角膜溃疡4眼,真菌性角膜溃疡7眼(发生角膜穿孔2眼),细菌性角膜溃疡8眼,严重的化学烧伤1眼,穿透性角膜移植术后植片溃疡2眼。所有患者均进行局部病灶清除+结膜瓣遮盖术,并针对原发病进一步药物治疗。术后随访3～6个月,观察结膜瓣血供、前房及视力等情况。结果 20眼(包括2眼角膜穿孔眼)角膜溃疡1次手术后治愈;2眼术后结膜瓣溶解脱落,其中1眼细菌性角膜溃疡眼行再次结膜瓣遮盖术后治愈;另1眼真菌性角膜溃疡眼反复2次行结膜瓣遮盖术,感染未控制,最终发生结膜瓣自溶。21眼视力不变或提高,其中光感5眼,数指～0.1者12眼,0.2～0.5者5眼。21眼前房形成良好,眼压基本正常。结论只要手术适应证选择适当、手术操作细致,结膜瓣遮盖术是治疗难治性角膜溃疡的有效方法之一。     

基层医院治疗眼表重度烧伤的困境和对策的探讨

目的探讨在缺乏异体角膜供体情况下治疗Ⅲ度以上眼表烧伤的手术方式及疗效。方法眼表重度烧伤35例（37眼）。其中28例（29眼）Ⅲ度烧伤,行自体带角膜缘干细胞结膜瓣移植联合新鲜羊膜遮盖术;7例（8眼）IV度烧伤采取双层羊膜遮盖术,二期行带角膜缘干细胞结膜瓣移植联合新鲜羊膜遮盖。术后若羊膜脱落则再次行羊膜遮盖直至角膜上皮完全修复。结果术后随访3～20个月,35例（37眼）中19眼角膜恢复透明,11眼角膜薄翳（共30眼判断为治愈）,4眼瘢痕愈合（角膜白斑、新生血管长入）,2眼石灰烧伤角膜溃疡无法愈合需行结膜瓣遮盖,1眼爆炸伤最终角膜穿孔、感染需眼球摘除（共7眼判断为无效）,治愈率81．08％。共需羊膜遮盖1～4次。结论带角膜缘干细胞结膜瓣移植联合多次新鲜羊膜遮盖术治疗重症眼烧伤,在基层综合医院取材方便,价廉,具可操作性,对Ⅲ度烧伤有减轻炎症、促进眼表上皮化、提高视力等效果;对Ⅳ度烧伤有保存眼球、防止睑球粘连的治疗意义,在缺乏异体角膜供体情况下可选择应用。     

多层羊膜填塞联合带蒂结膜瓣移植治疗角膜溃疡穿孔

目的 探讨多层羊膜填塞联合带蒂结膜瓣移植,在治疗难治性角膜溃疡穿孔中的临床治疗效果.方法 采用多层羊膜填塞联合带蒂结膜瓣移植治疗难治性角膜溃疡穿孔30例(30只眼),包括单疱病毒性角膜炎反复发作致穿孔12例;细菌性角膜溃疡穿孔9例;真菌性角膜溃疡穿孔4例;角膜移植术后植片溶解穿孔3例;角膜热烧伤致溃疡穿孔2例.术后随访3月至2年.结果 28例角膜溃疡穿孔愈合,溃疡区遗留下不同程度的瘢痕,视力有不同程度的提高.2例曲霉菌感染的角膜溃疡穿孔术后感染不能控制,行治疗性角膜移植.总有效率93.33%.结论 多层羊膜填塞联合带蒂结膜瓣移植能够较好地治疗各种原因所致角膜溃疡穿孔,为后期的角膜复明性手术提供机会.     

荷包状改良结膜瓣遮盖术治疗难治性角膜溃疡

目的：观察采用荷包状改良结膜瓣遮盖术治疗难治性角膜溃疡的临床疗效。 方法：对36例36眼药物治疗无效的难治性角膜溃疡患者进行病灶清除+荷包状改良结膜瓣遮盖术治疗,术后针对病因行进一步药物治疗。随访3～6mo。 结果：1次手术治愈35眼。1眼术后结膜瓣中央部位松解未能紧贴角膜,再次同法行结膜瓣遮盖术并联合羊膜移植,最终角膜溃疡愈合。36眼全部治愈。 结论：对于药物难治性角膜溃疡,荷包状改良结膜瓣遮盖术能有效抑制炎症反应,更好的保存眼球。     

羊膜移植治疗角膜深层溃疡

目的探讨羊膜移植治疗深层角膜溃疡的可行性。方法采用新鲜多层羊膜移植治疗深层角膜溃疡22例（22眼）。其中细菌性角膜溃疡14眼（角膜穿孔3眼）,病毒性角膜溃疡8眼,术后随访6～19个月。结果22眼中20眼治愈,2眼复发。术后均未见新鲜羊膜移植片急性排斥反应,术后3～15d,炎症控制,疼痛消失,4～5周角膜上皮愈合,溃疡灶留下不同程度的瘢痕。角膜基质厚度正常,18眼视力不同程度提高。结论羊膜移植是治疗深层角膜溃疡的有效方法。     

新鲜多层羊膜移植治疗角膜溃疡的临床观察

目的　探讨新鲜多层羊膜移植治疗角膜溃疡的效果。方法　对 12例 (12眼 )角膜溃疡 (其中 5例角膜穿孔 )施行新鲜多层羊膜移植治疗 ,术后随访 3～ 12月。结果　 11例治愈 ,1例复发。术后短期内未见植片融解、未见急性排斥反应。 2～ 5周角膜上皮愈合。 10眼视力不同程度提高。结论　新鲜多层羊膜移植是治疗角膜溃疡的有效方法。     

羊膜移植治疗角膜溃疡的初步报告

目的 :评价羊膜移植在角膜溃疡治疗中的临床疗效。方法 :采用羊膜移植治疗细菌性角膜溃疡 4只眼 ,病毒性角膜溃疡 4只眼 ,角膜溃疡穿孔 4只眼。术后随访 3～ 14个月。结果 :术后 3～ 10天炎症控制。 4例角膜穿孔瘢痕愈合 ,5例角膜溃疡留下不同程度角膜瘢翳。结论 :羊膜移植治疗角膜溃疡 ,是一种有价值的治疗方法     

Strabisme Alternant - Etude clinique - traitement

The author defines motor and sensory alternation: the term alternation should not be used in isolation, it should always be accompanied by the name of the parameter concerned. Sensory alternation is always found together with motor alternation but the reverse is not true.The examining criteria for a diagnosis of sensory alternation are given, sensory alternation must not be confused with alternating inhibition. Working from clinical observations of cases of motor alternating strabismus, the author selects 2 types of binocular sensory relations which allow one to differentiate between:- cases of primary alternating strabismus- cases of secondary alternating strabismusThese forms will develop in different ways; in both cases a cure is possible providing that the right treatment is prescribed and once prescribed carefully followed, etc. It is always a case of serious forms of strabismus whose developmental period is spread over several years.According to the authors, the frequency of cases of true primary strabismus is from 1–3%, the frequency of cases of secondary alternating strabismus varies according to the type of therapy practised on cases of monocular strabismus with amblyopia. These latter will become cases of alternating strabismus under the influence of certain types of therapy carried out over several years (penalization, rocking, alternated occlusion, etc...).Experimental data on kittens confirm clinical data; kittens placed in abnormal environments during the sensitive period will show modification in the distribution of cortical cells and the absence of binocular cells (either because the excitation of the two eyes was not simultaneous, or not identical: artificial strabismus, occlusion, opaque glasses). This disturbances become irreversible after a certain period of exposure (a function of age, length of exposure, etc...).It is thus necessary to bear in mind: 1) the iatrogenic risks of certain orthoptic treatments, 2) the necessity for a binocular form of treatment as soon as possible, as once a certain stage is passed, cortical plasticity diminishes and the elaboration of normal binocular relations becomes impossible.

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Effects of Adenosine Agonists on Intraocular Pressure and Aqueous Humor Dynamics in Cynomolgus Monkeys

The effects of single or multiple topical doses of the relatively selective A₁adenosine receptor agonists (R)-phenylisopropyladenosine (R-PIA) and N⁶-cyclohexyladenosine (CHA) on intraocular pressure (IOP), aqueous humor flow (AHF) and outflow facility were investigated in ocular normotensive cynomolgus monkeys. IOP and AHF were determined, under ketamine anesthesia, by Goldmann applanation tonometry and fluorophotometry, respectively. Total outflow facility was determined by anterior chamber perfusion under pentobarbital anesthesia. A single unilateral topical application of R-PIA (20–250 μg) or CHA (20–500 μg) produced ocular hypertension (maximum rise=4.9 or 3.5 mmHg) within 30 min, followed by ocular hypotension (maximum fall=2.1 or 3.6 mmHg) from 2–6 hr. The relatively selective adenosine A₂antagonist 3,7-dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine (DMPX, 320 μg) inhibited the early hypertension, without influencing the hypotension. Neither 100 μg R-PIA nor 500 μg CHA clearly altered AHF. Total outflow facility was increased by 71% 3 hr after 100 μg R-PIA. In conclusion, the early ocular hypertension produced by topical adenosine agonists in cynomolgus monkeys is associated with the activation of adenosine A₂receptors, while the subsequent hypotension appears to be mediated by adenosine A₁receptors and results primarily from increased outflow facility.