雌激素对骨质疏松大鼠牙槽骨改建过程中IL-1表达的影响

目的:研究雌激素对骨质疏松牙槽骨改建过程中白细胞介素-1(IL-1)的分布及表达的影响,探讨雌激素对骨质疏松牙槽骨改建影响的机制。方法:利用大鼠卵巢切除术制成骨质疏松模型,并运用免疫组化染色方法及半定量分析,观察IL-1在骨质疏松及雌激素治疗后的牙槽骨中的表达变化。结果:IL-1在骨质疏松牙槽骨中的表达明显增强,阳性反应主要分布于破骨细胞、部分成骨细胞中,而经雌激素治疗后,IL-1的阳性表达明显下降。结论:雌激素对骨质疏松大鼠牙槽骨中IL-1的表达有明显的抑制作用。     

甲状旁腺激素与雌激素对去势雌性大鼠牙槽骨代谢的影响

目的 观察甲状旁腺激素与雌激素单独和联合应用对去势雌性大鼠牙槽骨代谢的影响。方法选用4月龄雌性Wistar大鼠66只,分成两组,分别为伪手术组（n=18）和去势组（n=48）。8周后各处死8只证实骨质疏松造模成功。剩余的伪手术组（A组,n=10）Wistar大鼠作为对照;将剩余的去势组Wistar大鼠随机分成4组,分别为去势组（B组）、去势加雌激素组（C组）、去势加甲状旁腺激素组（D组）、去势加雌激素和甲状旁腺激素组（E组）,每组10只。A组和B组注射生理盐水（1 mL·kg-1）;C组注射苯甲酸雌二醇（10 μg·kg-1）; D组注射甲状旁腺激素（20 μg·kg-1）;E组注射苯甲酸雌二醇（10 μg·kg-1）和甲状旁腺激素（20 μg·kg-1）。隔日腹腔注射1次,用药8周。治疗后处死大鼠并测定牙槽骨骨密度,观察每组大鼠骨组织形态计量学参数及血清钙、磷、碱性磷酸酶（ALP）水平。结果去势手术8周后,去势组大鼠牙槽骨密度明显低于伪手术组（P<0.05）。用药8周后,C、D、E组骨密度、骨小梁面积百分比（%Tb.Ar）、骨小梁宽度（Tb.Th）和骨小梁数量（Tb.N）较B组均有明显提高,其中E组提高最明显（P<0.05）。各组血清钙磷值无明显改变（P>0.05）,B组ALP值较A组明显升高（P<0.05）。结论间歇性、小剂量注射甲状旁腺激素能增加去势大鼠牙槽骨的骨密度和改善骨结构,与雌激素联合使用对骨质疏松的治疗有协同作用。     

二膦酸盐对骨质疏松大鼠下颌牙槽骨牙本质基质蛋白1表达的影响

目的 :观察二膦酸盐对去卵巢骨质疏松大鼠下颌牙槽骨内破骨细胞以及牙本质基质蛋白1(dentin matrix protein1,DMP1)表达的影响。方法 :取6月龄SD大鼠30只,随机分为假手术组(Sham)、去卵巢模型组(OVX)和二膦酸盐药物治疗组(RIS),每组10只。Sham组大鼠仅术中暴露卵巢不切除,OVX组大鼠行"双侧卵巢切除术+生理盐水皮下注射",RIS组行"双侧卵巢切除术+利塞磷酸钠(2.4μg/kg)皮下注射"。术后3个月取各组大鼠下颌骨常规脱钙,甲苯胺兰染色观察下颌第一磨牙(M1)区域牙槽骨组织学结构,抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶(tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase,TRAP)染色观察M1区域牙槽纵隔破骨细胞的骨吸收情况,免疫组化染色观察各组M1牙槽骨DMP1分布表达情况,并进行相关半定量图像分析。结果:与Sham组相比,OVX组TRAP阳性细胞数增加;而较OVX组而言,RIS组TRAP阳性细胞数显著减少(P<0.05)。免疫组化染色显示,各组DMP1不仅表达在牙槽骨骨细胞内,牙槽间隔的松质骨骨基质、牙周韧带中均可见其表达,OVX组M1牙槽骨DMP1表达较Sham组减少(P<0.05),而RIS组表达较OVX组有升高。结论:二膦酸盐能减少骨质疏松大鼠下颌牙槽骨破骨细胞数量,并上调DMP1表达,从而影响下颌牙槽骨矿化。     

雌激素缺乏对大鼠牙槽骨吸收影响的实验研究

目的观察雌激素缺乏对大鼠牙槽骨吸收的影响。方法34只雌性SD大鼠随机分为4组。第1组假手术(n=8),第2组卵巢切除(n=9),第3组卵巢切除加牙周结扎(n=9),第4组卵巢切除、牙周结扎加雌激素治疗(n=8)。适应性喂养7天后行假手术或双侧卵巢切除术。第4组于术后第二天起皮下注射苯甲酸雌二醇．20μg／kg体重／次,三天一次。第3、4两组于卵巢切除术后28天,结扎丝结扎上颌第一磨牙诱导牙周炎。第63天处死全部大鼠。常规取材。观察牙用组织组织学改变。测量牙用骨丧失值(PBL)。比较牙用骨支持率(PBS)。检测血清碱性磷酸酶(ALP)。结果采用成组f检验,第1、2两组的PBL分别为0．398±O．147mm,0．663±0．132哪。PBS分别为O．588±O．058。0．440±0．197,组间差异均有统计学意义(P<0．05);第2、3两组的PBL、PBS组间差异均有统计学意义(P<0．05)。第3组的PBL为0．875±0．197mm,PBS为0．336±O．087;第3、4两组的PBL、PBS组间差别没有统计学意义(P>0．05),第4组的PBL为O．823±0．119mm,PBS为0．360±0．950。结论雌激素缺乏促进牙槽骨吸收,茵斑刺激加剧骨质疏松大鼠牙槽骨的吸收,雌激素替代治疗不能预防骨质疏松大鼠因茵斑刺激引发的牙槽骨吸收。     

雌激素对去卵巢大鼠牙槽骨组织结构和MT1-MMP表达的影响

目的:研究雌激素对去卵巢大鼠牙槽骨组织结构、MT1-MMP表达的影响.方法:对大鼠牙槽骨组织石蜡切片进行HE染色和MT1-MMP免疫组化染色,观察不同时期的正常大鼠、去卵巢大鼠和去卵巢后补充雌激素大鼠的牙槽骨组织结构情况和牙槽骨中MT1-MMP的表达及其分布特征.结果:雌激素缺乏会导致大鼠牙槽骨的骨代谢失衡,牙槽嵴与固有牙槽骨吸收、破坏;成骨细胞和骨细胞MT1-MMP表达降低,而破骨细胞MT1-MMP表达升高.结论:雌激素缺乏引起牙槽骨吸收,MT1-MMP表达水平和分布部位变化可能对其有调节作用.     

正畸牙齿移动中IL-1β在骨质疏松大鼠牙周组织中的分布变化

目的：研究骨质疏松时正畸牙齿移动过程中牙周组织内ＩＬ－１β含量的变化,探讨ＩＬ－１β在牙周组织改建中的作用。方法：利用大鼠卵巢切除术制成的骨质疏松模型,通过给大鼠上颌第一磨牙施加向近中移动的力,并进行免疫组化染色及半定量分析。结果：正常大鼠牙周膜组织中有一定量的ＩＬ－１β的表达,当大鼠牙齿受到外力作用时表达加强,骨质疏松时表达更强,破骨细胞及成骨细胞胞浆染色均为强阳性。结论：ＩＬ－１β不但参与牙周     

大豆异黄酮预防绝经后牙槽骨骨质疏松的动物实验

目的:探讨大豆异黄酮对绝经后牙槽骨骨质疏松的防治作用。方法:将32只3月龄雌性SD大鼠随机分为4组,适应性喂养1周后,A组为假手术组,B、C、D组均摘除双侧卵巢。C组大鼠于术后1周开始肌肉注射苯甲酸雌二醇(0.1mg/kg),每周1次。而A、B和D组肌肉注射等量橄榄油。D组大鼠于术后1周开始每天给予大豆异黄酮混悬液灌胃(100mg/kg)。其余3组用等量生理盐水灌胃。各组动物在同等条件下饲养,自由进食、饮水。实验结束后处死动物,收集大鼠下颌骨标本。对组织HE染色切片进行骨形态及计量学分析。结果:去卵巢后,大鼠牙槽骨呈疏松样改变。大豆异黄酮治疗后的D组.骨小梁面积、骨小梁周长、骨小梁面积比、骨小梁数量及分离度与去卵巢的B组有显著性差异,而与雌激素治疗的C组无显著性差异。结论:雌激素缺乏可引起牙槽骨骨质疏松。大豆异黄酮与雌激素一样。可以抑制破骨细胞性骨吸收.并对骨形成有刺激作用。     

雌激素对绝经后妇女牙槽骨吸收的影响机制

雌激素水平能影响牙槽骨吸收,其生物学效应可能主要通过2种途径实现:1)直接通过细胞表面的雌激素受体介导,主要包括经典的基因组途径和雌激素受体介导的非基因组途径;2)调节细胞因子表达,通过它们的作用调节骨代谢,本文就雌激素作用于牙槽骨影响其代谢的这2种可能途径的研究进展作一综述.     

雄激素对大鼠牙槽骨骨量的影响

目的：探讨去睾丸对大鼠牙槽骨骨量的影响。方法：24只雄性SD大鼠随机分为3组：假手术组（Con）、去睾丸组（ORX）和雄激素治疗组（TP）。除Con组外,其余行双侧睾丸摘除术。Con组和ORX组给予溶媒5ml/kg/d灌胃,TP组给予丙酸睾丸酮5mg/kg/d灌胃。实验12周后取大鼠的牙槽骨,脱钙,切片,染色,用骨形态计量学方法测量牙槽骨松质骨的骨量,计算牙槽骨的骨静态学参数。结果：与Con组相比较,ORX组牙槽骨骨小梁厚度降低（P〈0.05）,其他变化均不明显。结论：雄激素缺乏使大鼠牙槽骨有丢失趋势,但不明显。     

雌激素对骨质疏松熏烟大鼠种植体周围骨的影响

目的:评价雌激素对骨质疏松熏烟大鼠种植体周围骨的影响.方法:40只3月龄雌性SD大鼠随机均分为4组:假手术组(sham)、卵巢去势组(OVX)、卵巢去势+吸烟组(OVX+S)、卵巢去势+吸烟+雌激素组(OVX+S+E),分别进行假手术和卵巢去势术,术后OVX+S和OVX+S+E组持续熏烟24周.去势术后12周,在大鼠右...     

Estrogen and alendronate therapies may prevent the influence of estrogen deficiency on the tooth-supporting alveolar bone: a histometric study in rats

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate histometrically the influence of estrogen deficiency, and its therapies, on the quality of the tooth-supporting alveolar bone. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Seventy-three female rats were randomly assigned to one of the following groups: group 1 (n = 15), sham surgery; group 2 (n = 15), bilateral ovariectomy (OVX); group 3 (n = 14), OVX plus calcitonin (16 IU/kg); group 4 (n = 14), OVX plus estrogen (20 microg/kg); and group 5 (n = 15), OVX plus alendronate (5 mg/kg). Eighty days after surgery, the animals were killed and their mandibles were removed and processed for histology. Bone density (BD) in the furcation area of the first mandibular molar (i.e. the percentage of demineralized bone tissue in a 1,000 microm zone under the furcation) was histometrically obtained. RESULTS: Data analysis demonstrated that estrogen deficiency negatively affected the tooth-supporting bone density (79.45% +/- 4.22 and 55.23% +/- 6.45, for groups 1 and 2, respectively), and that estradiol and alendronate therapies prevented this effect (61.67% +/- 6.87, 78.09% +/- 3.12 and 81.47% +/- 4.58, for groups 3, 4 and 5, respectively). CONCLUSION: Within the limits of this study, it can be concluded that the density of tooth-supporting bone is affected by estrogen deficiency, and that estradiol and alendronate therapies, but not calcitonin, provide protection against this effect.     

胰岛素样生长因子I对糖尿病大鼠拔牙后牙槽骨改建的影响

目的研究胰岛素样生长因子I（IGF—I）对糖尿病大鼠拔牙后牙槽骨改建的影响,为糖尿病性牙周病的治疗提供依据。方法对四氧嘧啶诱导的糖尿病大鼠拔牙后进行胰岛素和胰岛素样生长因子I治疗,通过X线、组织切片苏木精一伊红染色和四环素双标记的方法观察牙槽骨改建情况。结果与正常组相比,糖尿病大鼠拔牙创骨愈合减慢,骨形成减少,牙槽骨高度和牙槽骨骨形成率显著降低。IGF—I的治疗不仅能控制糖尿病大鼠的血糖保持在正常范围内,还可以增加牙槽骨高度和提高骨形成率。结论IGF-I的治疗可以促进糖尿病大鼠拔牙创骨愈合和增加骨形成量,且与胰岛素治疗之间没有明显差别。     

Effects of ovariectomy on trabecular structures of rat alveolar bone

An association between postmenopausal osteoporosis and tooth loss has been proposed. However, histomorphometrical changes in alveolar bone following estrogen deficiency are rarely reported with data on microtrabecular structural changes. To clarify the relationship between estrogen deficiency and tooth loss, we histomorphometrically analyzed the trabecular structural changes of mandibular alveolar bone in ovariectomized rats. Twenty-four adult female Fischer rats were used. Eight rats were sacrificed on day 0 (baseline). The remaining 16 rats were divided into two groups. One group was ovariectomized bilaterally (OVX) and the other group was subjected to sham surgery (Sham). After administration of tetracycline and calcein, the animals were sacrificed 60 days after surgery. Bone histomorphometry, node-strut analysis and measurement of thickness of alveolar bone proper were performed on the interradicular septum of the first molar on the sagittal surface. The trabecular bone volume and trabecular number of the OVX group were significantly lower than those of the baseline and Sham groups. All of the bone resorptive and formative parameters of the OVX group were significantly higher (about one-and-a-half times) than those of the Sham group. Several osteoclasts were seen lining the irregular, eroded surface facing the bone marrow in the OVX group. Furthermore, the OVX group tended to have low microtrabecular stiffness and showed significantly thinner distal alveolar bone proper than in the baseline and Sham groups. In summary, estrogen deficiency caused osteoporotic changes and thin alveolar bone proper in the interradicular septum of rat first molar. This phenomenon might accelerate destruction of alveolar bone and tooth loss, especially in elderly women affected by periodontal disease.     

利塞膦酸钠对骨质疏松大鼠牙槽骨Bcl-2、BAX表达的影响

目的: 观察利塞膦酸钠对骨质疏松大鼠下颌牙槽骨显微结构、抗凋亡因子Bcl-2、凋亡因子BAX表达以及骨细胞凋亡的影响。方法: 30只6月龄雌性SD大鼠,随机分为3 组（每组10只）,即Sham组（假手术组）、OVX组（接受双侧卵巢切除术）和RIS组（接受双侧卵巢切除术,然后给予利塞膦酸钠）;造模3个月后,取各组大鼠下颌骨进行micro-CT扫描,并通过TUNEL染色以及Bcl-2、BAX免疫组织化学染色检测下颌骨骨细胞的凋亡。采用SPSS 13.0软件包对组间数据进行比较。结果: 与Sham组相比,OVX组牙槽骨丧失和骨细胞凋亡明显增多;RIS组与OVX组相比,骨细胞凋亡显著减少,BV/TV显著增加,Bcl-2 表达增加,Bcl-2/BAX比值增加（P<0.05）。结论: 利塞磷酸钠增加下颌牙槽骨中Bcl-2的表达和Bcl-2/BAX的比值,部分逆转去卵巢骨质疏松大鼠的牙槽骨丧失,减少下颌骨骨细胞凋亡。     

Effects of insulin‐like growth factor I on alveolar bone remodeling in diabetic rats

Fang Y, Wang L‐P, Du F‐L, Liu W‐J, Ren G‐L. Effects of insulin‐like growth factor I on alveolar bone remodeling in diabetic rats. J Periodont Res 2013; 48: 144–150. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/S Background and Objective: Diabetes is a chronic hyperglycemic disorder and results in a tendency to develop osteoporosis. Furthermore, the delayed healing of tooth‐extraction wounds, the activation of alveolar resorption and the suppressed formation of bone around implants are difficult for dentists to resolve. In diabetes, insulin‐like growth factor I (IGF‐I) appears to enhance the differentiation of osteoblasts and to activate the mineralization of bone. Hence, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of insulin‐like growth factor I on the remodeling of alveolar bone in diabetic rats. Material and Methods: Diabetes was induced in 40 male Sprague‐Dawley rats by intravenous administration of alloxan. The teeth of the rats were extracted to investigate remodeling of alveolar bone. Insulin‐like growth factor I was administered, via intraperitoneal injection, to diabetic rats following tooth extraction. The remodeling of alveolar bone was determined using radiographic data, histological analyses and tetracycline fluorescence labeling. Results: Compared with the control group, diabetes decreased alveolar bone formation. The height of alveolar bone and the bone‐formation rate was significantly lower in the untreated diabetic group than in the control group or in the treated rats. Treatment with insulin‐like growth factor I not only regulated abnormal blood glucose levels but also increased the height of the alveolar bone and increased the bone‐formation rate relative to the results in diabetic animals. Furthermore, the expression of glucose transporter‐1, the main transporter of glucose, was changed by hyperglycemia. Conclusion: The results suggest that insulin‐like growth factor I treatment increases the volume of newly formed bone following tooth extraction and normalizes the expression of glucose transporter‐1 in diabetic rats, which may play an important role in bone formation and mineralization.     

MMP-9在去势大鼠正畸牙齿压力侧牙槽骨表达的研究

目的:比较不同正畸加力时间牙槽骨压力侧破骨细胞数和MMP-9表达水平,探讨骨质疏松对正畸力作用下骨代谢的影响.方法:取6月龄雌性Wistar大鼠50只,随机分为去势组和对照组(每组25只).去势组大鼠切除双侧卵巢建立骨质疏松模型.术后6个月,于两组大鼠上颌双侧磨牙与中切牙之间安装矫治器,并施以0.49 N的拉力.分别于加力后0、5、7、10、14 d取材,免疫组化及抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶(TRAP)染色法检测各组大鼠上颌第一磨牙压力侧牙周组织中MMP-9表达水平及破骨细胞数.结果:去势组和对照组大鼠移动牙齿压力侧MMP-9表达水平及破骨细胞数均随加力时间延长而增加,加力7d时达到高峰,10d后逐渐降低;相同加力时间点内两组相比,去势组MMP-9的表达和破骨细胞数均高于对照组,除加力14 d时两组破骨胞数无统计学差异(P＞0.05)外,其他差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论:骨质疏松状态下大鼠正畸移动牙齿压力侧牙槽骨吸收活动增强.     

In vivo administration of IL-1β accelerates silk ligature-induced alveolar bone resorption in rats

The effects of recombinant human interleukin-1β (rhIL-1β) on alveolar bone resorptive activity in rats were examined. Continuous administration of rhIL-1β or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) was given via osmotic pumps for 3, 7 and 14 days to rats with silk ligatures around second maxillary molars. Other animals without ligatures received insertion of pumps containing rhIL-lp or remained untreated. Sections were subject to three different stains:–hematoxylin and eosin (H-E) for histology, acid phosphatase (ACPase) activity for osteoclast detection, and immunohistochemistry using anti-rat monocyte/macrophage monoclonal antibody (ED 1). In addition, body weight, plasma calcium and phosphorus levels were monitored. The mean body weight of rats receiving rhIL-lp was significantly lower (P < 0.05 to P < 0.01) compared with untreated rats throughout the experimental period. On Day 7, plasma calcium and phosphorus levels were significantly lower in rats receiving rhIL-1β than in rats receiving PBS only (P < 0.05). Sections revealed a moderate inflammatory cell infiltrate reaching near the alveolar crest in both groups with ligatures on Day 3. Only rats receiving rhIL-lp exhibited enhancement of inflammatory cell invasion on Days 7 and 14. In rats receiving rhIL-lp with ligatures, numerous resorption lacunae containing ACPase-positive multinucleated giant cells (MNGCs), coinciding with ED1-positive cells, were located on the mesial side of the septum where extensive bone resorption had occurred throughout the experimental period. In animals receiving rhIL-β without ligatures, compared with untreated rats, increased ACPase-positive cells were observed on the mesial side of the septum on Day 3. In animals receiving PBS only, a few ACPase-positive cells were observed confined to the mesial regions where slight bone resorption occurred on Days 7 and 14. These results indicate that the administration of rhIL-1β accelerated alveolar bone destruction in ligature-induced periodontal tissue inflammation over a two-week period.     

糖尿病对大鼠牙槽骨缺损修复中骨形态发生蛋白-2表达影响的研究

目的 观察糖尿病(diabetes mellitus,DM)对实验性大鼠牙槽骨缺损修复过程中不同时期骨形态发生蛋白-2(bonemorphogenetic protein-2,BMP-2)表达的影响。方法 将48只雄性SD大鼠随机分为DM组和对照组,每组24只,DM组大鼠经腹腔注射链脲佐菌素造成DM大鼠模型,建模成功后行大鼠牙槽骨骨缺损制备,2组均分别于骨缺损制备后1、2、4、8周各取6只大鼠处死,取术区组织。苏木精-伊红染色(hematoxylin-eosin staining,HE染色)镜下观察缺损区内新生骨样组织形成情况;用免疫组化法检测术后1、2、4、8周缺损区内BMP-2的表达情况,比较各组的平均光密度。结果 HE染色观察显示DM组成骨较对照组减少。术后1周、2周免疫组化观察对照组新骨BMP-2的表达强于DM组,二者之间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),术后4周、8周对照组BMP-2表达较之前弱,但与DM组二者之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 DM影响了大鼠牙槽骨缺损的修复,可能是DM使BMP-2形成减少,从而抑制了未分化间充质向成骨细胞的转化,从而影响种植体骨结合,降低种植初期稳定性。?