腹腔镜与开腹脾切除术治疗非创伤性脾脏疾病的疗效分析

目的：探讨腹腔镜脾切除术（laparoseopic splenectomy,LS）治疗非创伤性脾脏疾病的安全性、可行性及临床疗效。方法：回顾分析2009年6月至2013年1月收治的48例因非创伤性脾相关疾病行单纯性脾切除术患者的临床资料,其中23例行LS（LS组）,25例行开腹脾切除术（open splenectomy,OS）（SS组）,对比两组患者术中、术后情况,评价其手术疗效。结果：LS组中1例因术中出血中转开腹,余均顺利完成手术。LS组术中出血量、术后进食时间、术后住院时间、切口长度显著优于OS组（P〈0．05）,手术时间稍长于OS组。LS组术后发生并发症2例,术中切除副脾3例;OS组发生并发症9例．术中切除副脾4例。术后随访5—48个月,平均（22．0±10．4）个月,均无远期并发症发生。结论：在严格掌握手术适应证的前提下,LS治疗非创伤性脾脏疾病安全、有效,与传统开腹手术相比,具有患者创伤小、术后康复快、并发症少等优点,值得推广、应用。     

手术体位对腹腔镜脾切除术操作的影响

目的探讨不同的手术体位在腹腔镜脾切除术时对操作的影响.方法利用腹腔镜对43例病人进行脾切除术,并对术中出现的情况、手术体位与脾脏的大小、解剖关系及手术难易程度等进行总结性分析.结果43例病人无术中及术后并发症出现.不论何种体位,体外B超脾脏长径＞15cm者手术难度明显增加,手术时间延长.结论大多数腹腔镜脾切除术可以采用右斜卧位完成,对于长径＞15cm的脾脏,采用右侧卧位可能更为有利.腹腔镜脾切除术是脾脏手术的最佳方法之一.     

腹腔镜加小切口脾切除治疗原发性血小板减少性紫癜:附13例报告

目的　探讨腹腔镜加小切口行脾切除术治疗原发性血小板减少性紫癜 (ITP )的效果。方法　笔者采用腹腔镜加小切口辅助对 13例ITP患者进行脾切除手术。即用腹腔镜游离脾脏后 ,于左肋缘下作一小切口 ,直视下结扎脾蒂 ,切除和取出脾脏。分析手术前后患者的血小板计数、并发症率及术后恢复情况。结果　 13例术后均未发生并发症 ;ITP治疗有效率为 10 0 %。结论　腹腔镜加小切口脾切除术治疗ITP是一种安全有效的手术方法     

腹腔镜脾手术110例的临床分析

目的：探讨腹腔镜睥手术的安全性及临床效果。方法：回顾分析110例腹腔镜睥手术的临床资料,包括107例腹腔镜脾切除术（laparoscopic splenectomy,LS）,1例腹腔镜副脾切除术及2例腹腔镜睥囊肿开窗术。病例构成为原发性血小板减少性紫癜（idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura,ITP）55例,遗传性球形红细胞增多症（hereditary spherocytosis,HS）33例,地中海贫血（mediterranean anemia,MA）5例,肝硬化门脉高压脾亢5例,脾囊肿3例,脾脓肿1例,脾血管瘤3例,牌淋巴管瘤2例,副脾2例,脾破裂1例。结果：108例手术成功,1例因术中脾下极血管出血中转开腹,1例因术后操作孔肌层动脉出血二次手术。1例外伤性脾破裂患者急诊行LS;3例脾囊肿患者中2例行开窗术,另1例囊肿较大,行LS。手术时间1—5h,平均2,5h。手术失血20～3000ml,平均200ml。术后排气时间为48～72h,术后平均住院5d。结论：对于部分血液病及脾脏本身病变者,在严格把握适应证的情况下,腹腔镜脾脏手术是安全有效的,且具有患者创伤小、康复快等优点。     

腹腔镜脾部分切除术治疗创伤性脾破裂的临床效果分析

目的 对创伤性脾破裂患者实施腹腔镜部分脾切除术治疗,分析其临床效果。方法 选取74例创伤性脾破裂患者,对其临床资料回顾性分析,均为本院2019年2月至2023年2月收治。将实施腹腔镜部分切除手术治疗的37例患者纳入腹腔镜部分切除组（LPS）;将实施腹腔镜脾切除术治疗的37例患者纳入腹腔镜切除组（LS）。对两组围术期相关指标、手术前后免疫功能指标、血液指标及术后并发症情况进行统计比较。结果 在手术相关指标方面,LPS组手术时间与LS组比较显著缩短,术中出血量显著降低（P<0.05）;在术后指标方面,LPS组术后肛门排气时间、腹水引流持续时间、下床活动时间、住院时间与LS组比较显著缩短,腹水引流量、术后镇痛次数显著降低（P<0.05）;术前,两组免疫功能指标（IgG、IgM、IgA）水平比较差异无显著性（P>0.05）;术后,LPS组IgG、IgM、IgA水平均较LS组显著提高（P<0.05）;术前,两组白蛋白、血红蛋白及血小板水平比较差异无显著性（P>0.05）;术后,LPS组上述各指标水平均显著高于LS组（P<0.05）;术后并发症发生率方面,LPS...     

腹腔镜胰后入路脾脏切除术10例疗效分析

目的 探讨腹腔镜胰后入路脾脏切除术的安全性及可行性。方法 2019年3月至2022年7月宁波市鄞州区第二医院共开展10例腹腔镜胰后入路脾脏切除术，其中慢性乙型肝炎后肝硬化、门静脉高压症脾功能亢进5例，脾梗死伴脓肿形成1例，毛细胞白血病1例，脾血管瘤2例，脾恶性肿瘤1例。回顾性分析腹腔镜胰后入路脾脏切除术的手术效果及术后并发症情况。结果 本组10例患者均顺利完成腹腔镜胰后入路脾脏切除术，无中转开腹病例。手术时间130～310 min（中位数190 min），术中出血量50～400 mL（中位数100 mL），术后住院时间5～28 d（中位数8 d）；术中无并发症发生。腹腔镜胰后入路脾脏切除术后发生并发症2例，1例脾脏切除后出现乳糜漏，1例脾脏切除+门奇断流术后出现门静脉血栓，均经保守治疗痊愈。术后均无胰漏发生。结论 本组研究结果表明，腹腔镜胰后入路脾脏切除术是安全可行的。     

腹腔镜脾切除术32例报告

目的探讨腹腔镜脾切除术（laparoscopic splenectomy，LS）的可行性。方法我院1999年6月-2005年12月行LS32例，超声刀游离脾周韧带，血管切割缝合器离断脾蒂，脾脏装入塑料袋剪碎取出。结果LS成功29例，手术时间60-270min，平均100min；术中出血量30-1000ml，平均230ml。术后住院3—7d，平均5d，无术后并发症。3例中转开腹，1例为脾蒂出血，1例为胃短血管出血，1例为脾周围炎粘连紧密出血。22例特发性血小板减少性紫癜中18例血小板恢复正常，4例术后无升高。2例溶血性贫血术后血红蛋白升高。4例肝炎后肝硬化合并脾功能亢进者术后血小板恢复正常。结论腹腔镜脾切除术安全可行．尤其适合于血液系统疾病中须行脾切除者及脾脏本身病变者。     

脾动脉瘤外科手术与腔内治疗的临床疗效比较

目的 探讨脾动脉瘤（SAA）外科手术与腔内治疗的临床疗效。方法 收集2012年1月至2021年12月中国医科大学附属盛京医院收治的43例SAA患者临床资料,根据手术方式的不同将其分为开腹组（n=17,行开腹手术）、腹腔镜组（n=10,行腹腔镜手术）、腔内组（n=16,行腔内治疗）。采用腹部增强计算机断层扫描（CT）或计算机断层扫描血管成像（CTA）评估SAA的位置、大小、形态以及动脉变异情况,观察3组患者的治疗情况,比较3组患者手术时间、住院时间、住院费用,统计3组患者术后并发症发生情况。结果 开腹组患者行SAA及脾切除15例,术后血小板均出现升高趋势且术后第9天最高,其中,2例患者术后复查时发生门静脉血栓,但均无明显临床症状;脾动脉近、远端结扎+脾动脉瘤旷置2例,术后均未发生严重并发症。腹腔镜组患者行脾动脉近、远端结扎+脾动脉瘤旷置/切除10例,无中转开腹手术,无脾脏联合切除术,术中2例患者出现脾下极缺血表现（颜色变暗）,术后血小板无明显变化、无严重并发症。腔内组患者采用弹簧圈进行脾动脉栓塞14例,同时行SAA瘤腔填塞术7例,1例限制性破裂性SAA腔内治疗效果不佳转为开腹手术,1例置...     

腹腔镜辅助脾切除与腹腔镜脾切除40例比较

目的比较腹腔镜脾切除术(LS)与腹腔镜辅助脾切除术(LAS)的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析40例腹腔镜脾切除术病例(包括15例腹腔镜脾切除术和25例腹腔镜辅助脾切除术)。结果LAS平均手术时间、平均失血量、中转开腹率及术后并发症均较行IS低，而平均住院时间相对较长。术后胃肠蠕动恢复时间及特发性血小板减少性紫癜患者术后血小板上升程度差异尢显著性。结论LAS是一种相对优越的脾切除微创治疗方法。     

脾切除术治疗特发性血小板减少性紫癜的临床疗效观察

目的探讨分别采用腹腔镜下脾切除术或开腹脾切除术治疗特发性血小板减少性紫癜的临床安全性和临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2009年7月至2013年10月来我院就诊的86例特发性血小板减少性紫癜病人的临床资料,其中43例观察患者采用腹腔镜下脾切除术治疗,另外43例患者采用开腹脾切除术;记录患者的手术时间、住院时间、术中出血量、术后胃肠道功能恢复及临床疗效。结果 86例手术均顺利完成,术后两个月通过随访记录患者的手术疗效,发现手术总有效率88.4%（76/86）。结论开腹脾切除术或腹腔镜下脾切除术用于治疗难治性特发性血小板减少性紫癜临床疗效确切,安全性好。     

超声刀在腹腔镜脾切除术中的临床应用

目的:探讨腹腔镜结合超声刀在脾切除术中的临床应用价值。方法:应用腹腔镜结合超声刀行脾切除12例,其中脾亢4例,外伤脾7例,脾肿瘤1例,均在全麻下实施腹腔镜手术。结果:12例手术均获成功,手术平均时间150m in。无严重并发症发生,仅1例术后2周发生脾窝积液并感染,经手术引流痊愈。结论:腹腔镜结合超声刀行脾切除术具有较高的实用价值,在严格掌握手术适应证的基础上,腹腔镜行中等肿大以下脾切除术是可行的。     

Endo-Cutter离断脾蒂和蓝碟手助腹腔镜脾切除术12例报告

目的探讨Endo-Cutter离断脾蒂和蓝碟手助腹腔镜脾切除术的方法及f临床效果。方法采用Endo-Cutter离断脾蒂和蓝碟手助的方法对12例（7例血液病脾和5例脾良性肿瘤）施行腹腔镜脾切除术。术者左手通过蓝碟伸入腹腔，在手助下超声刀离断脾肾韧带、脾胃韧带，Endo-Cutter一次性离断脾蒂，切除脾，将脾从手助口取出。结果12例均成功完成手术，无中转开腹。手术时间35～120min，平均80min。术中出血量40～200ml，平均127ml。术后住院时间3—6d，平均4．5d。12例随访6个月，无并发症。结论采用Endo-Cutter离断脾蒂和蓝碟手助的腹腔镜脾切除术快捷、安全、出血量少，具有较高的实用价值。     

Refining the selection criteria for laparoscopic versus open splenectomy for splenomegaly

BACKGROUND: Although laparoscopic splenectomy is considered the procedure of choice for patients with normal-sized spleens, the benefits are less clear in the presence of splenomegaly, which represents a heterogeneous patient population with a variety of underlying diseases. The aim of this study was to compare the outcomes of laparoscopic (LS) and open splenectomy (OS) for spleens between 15 and 25 cm in length in order to identify strategies for patient selection for the laparoscopic approach. STUDY DESIGN: The medical records of concurrent patients undergoing splenectomy for splenomegaly (>15 cm in the long axis) from 2000 to 2005 were reviewed at two hospitals. At one hospital, LS was performed unless the spleen was >25 cm in length, while the other hospital used OS exclusively. Demographic, intraoperative, and postoperative variables were compared for patients potentially eligible for LS. Data are expressed as median (interquartile range) and were analyzed by using nonparametric tests. A value P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Sixty-five laparoscopic and 25 open splenectomies were performed at the two hospitals, of which 34 were for splenomegaly. Five open cases involved spleens >25 cm and were excluded, leaving 18 LS (13 hand assisted) and 11 OS for further analysis. The groups were similar in comorbidity score, spleen length, hematologic diagnosis, and intraoperative blood loss. The open group was younger, included more females, and had a shorter operative time. Time to oral intake (1 vs. 2 days; P = 0.04) and length of hospital stay (3 vs. 6 days; P = 0.01) were shorter in the LS group. Postoperative complications occurred in 7 (39%) LS and 6 (55%) OS patients (P = 0.47); these were major in 3 LS patients and 1 OS patient (P = 1.0). All 3 major complications after LS occurred in the 3 patients with myelofibrosis and involved a conversion or reoperation by laparotomy for bleeding. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic splenectomy confers benefit for most patients with splenomegaly between 15 and 25 cm, as it is associated with faster time to oral intake and a shorter hospital stay. Major morbidity after laparoscopic splenectomy was mostly related to surgery for myelofibrosis. These patients did not derive any benefit from the laparoscopic approach due to bleeding complications, requiring a conversion or relaparotomy.     

Laparoscopic versus open pediatric splenectomy for massive splenomegaly

Laparoscopic splenectomy (LS) has rapidly evolved into the technique of choice compared with open splenectomy (OS) because of the advantages of the minimally invasive approach. Splenomegaly increases the technical difficulties of LS. LS for massive splenomegaly has generally been found to fail in adults and children. With improvements in laparoscopic technique and accumulation of laparoscopic experience, however, concerns about completing the procedure in pediatric cases with even massive splenomegaly have been lowered. A retrospective review (April 1997-October 2009) of databases at 2 institutions identified 145 children undergoing splenectomy, 79 laparoscopic and 66 open. We defined splenic margin below the umbilicus or anteriorly extending over the midline as massive splenomegaly. By this definition, 22 cases of pediatric laparoscopic and 17 cases of open splenectomies for massive splenomegaly were performed. Perioperative and follow-up data of laparoscopic pediatric splenectomies were compared with those of open splenectomies, including operative time, bleeding, spleen size, complications, and hospital stay. There were no deaths, wound infections, or instances of pancreatitis. No accessory spleen was missed by laparoscopic; accessory spleens were missed in 2 patients in open splenectomies. The complication rate of laparoscopic versus open was 13.6% versus 41.2%. No subsequent surgery was necessary for dealing with complications both in laparoscopic and open series. Laparoscopic pediatric splenectomy for massive splenomegaly is a feasible, effective, and safe procedure and is associated with low morbidity and a short hospital stay.     

Trends in laparoscopic splenectomy for massive splenomegaly

HYPOTHESIS: During the past 10 years, expertise with minimally invasive techniques has grown, leading to an increase in successful laparoscopic splenectomy (LS) even in the setting of massive and supramassive spleens. DESIGN: Retrospective series of patients who underwent splenectomy from November 1, 1995, to August 31, 2005. SETTING: Academic tertiary care center. PATIENTS: Adult patients who underwent elective splenectomy as their primary procedure (n = 111). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Demographics, spleen size and weight, conversion from LS to open splenectomy, postoperative length of stay, and perioperative complications and mortality. Massive splenomegaly was defined as the spleen having a craniocaudal length greater than 17 cm or weight more than 600 g, and supramassive splenomegaly was defined as the spleen having a craniocaudal length greater than 22 cm or weight more than 1600 g. RESULTS: Eighty-five (77%) of the 111 patients underwent LS. Of these 85 patients, 25 (29%) had massive or supramassive spleens. These accounted for 40% of LSs performed in 2004 and 50% in 2005. Despite this increase in giant spleens, the conversion rate for massive or supramassive spleens has declined from 33% prior to 1999 to 0% in 2004 and 2005. Since January 2004 at our institution, all of the massive or supramassive spleens have been removed with a laparoscopic approach. Patients with massive or supramassive spleens who underwent LS had no reoperations for bleeding or deaths and had a significantly shorter postoperative length of stay (mean postoperative length of stay, 3.8 days for patients who underwent LS vs 9.0 days for patients who underwent open splenectomy; P<.001). CONCLUSIONS: Despite conflicting reports regarding the safety of LS for massive splenomegaly, our data indicate that with increasing institutional experience, the laparoscopic approach is safe, shortens the length of stay, and improves mortality.     

腹腔镜脾切除术37例临床分析

目的:探讨腹腔镜脾切除术的方法和疗效。方法:回顾分析37例患者行腹腔镜脾切除术的临床资料。结果:35例手术获得成功,平均手术时间177min,术中平均出血125ml,切除脾重量平均为667g,平均住院7.5d。术后无并发症发生。术后血小板从平均38×109/L[(26~67)×109/L]上升至201×109/L[(102~662)×109/L]。结论:腹腔镜脾切除术是一种安全、有效、微创的手术。     

腹腔镜脾切除术（附8例报告）

目的 探讨腹腔镜脾切除术的可行性。方法 我院从1996年6月-2001年3月,共施行腹腔镜脾切除术8例,其中乙型肝炎后肝硬化继发脾功能亢进5例、遗传性球形红细胞增多症l例、原发性血小板减少性紫癜l例、脾淋巴管瘤l例。结果 手术成功6例,平均手术时间为4h,平均术中失血350ml,平均术后住院6d,无术后并发症。中转开腹2例。2例同时行腹腔镜胆囊切除术,l例行腹腔镜卵巢囊肿切除术。结论 腹腔镜脾切除术是一种安全可行的脾脏切除方法。     

Laparoscopic versus open splenectomy in children

BACKGROUND: The authors have reviewed their initial experience with laparoscopic splenectomy (LS) to identify the indications, success rate, and complications associated with this procedure compared with a series of children undergoing open splenectomy (OS) during the same time period. METHODS: The records of 51 children who underwent splenectomy from 1993 through 1998 were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS: Thirty-five patients aged 1 to 17 years (mean, 9.4 years) underwent LS for the following indications: ITP (n = 20), sickle cell disease or thalassemia (n = 6), hereditary spherocytosis (n = 5), other hematologic disorders (n = 4). Seventeen patients aged 2 to 17 years (mean, 11.8 years) underwent OS during the same time period for ITP (n = 4), sickle cell disease or thalassemia (n = 4), hereditary spherocytosis (n = 5), and other indications (n = 4). Concomitant cholecystectomy was performed in 4 of 35 LS and 4 of 17 OS. Accessory spleens were identified in 10 of 35 LS and 2 of 17 OS cases. Eleven spleens were enlarged in the LS group, and 8 were enlarged in the OS group. One LS required conversion to an open procedure because the spleen did not fit in the bag. No other cases were converted. Median estimated blood loss was 50 mL for both the LS and OS groups. The only intraoperative complication in the LS group was a splenic capsular tear, which had no effect on the successful laparoscopic removal of the spleen. No patient in either group required a blood transfusion. The LS patients had a shorter length of hospital stay (1.8 +/- 1 versus 4.0 +/- 1 day, P = .0001). Total hospital charges were not significantly different. Follow-up ranged from 6 to 40 months. One LS patient died 47 days postoperatively from unrelated causes. Two LS patients had recurrent ITP; accessory spleens were found in one and resected laparoscopically. CONCLUSION: LS in children can be performed safely with a low conversion rate (2.9%) and is associated with a shorter hospital stay and comparable total hospital cost when compared with OS.     

外伤性脾破裂腹腔镜与开腹脾切除临床研究

【摘要】〓目的〓对比腹腔镜脾切除术(LS)与开腹脾切除术(OS)在外伤性脾破裂治疗的临床疗效,探讨LS的可行性、安全性。方法〓将45例外伤性脾破裂患者根据手术方式分为腹腔镜组(LS组)和开腹组(OS组)。LS组18例,OS组27例,比较2种术式的手术时间、手术出血量、术后肛门排气时间、术后住院时间以及并发症发生率。结果〓LS组的平均手术时间与OS组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),手术出血量、术后肛门排气时间、术后住院时间以及并发症发生率均优于OS组。差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论〓腹腔镜脾切除术治疗外伤性脾破裂的临床疗效优于传统开腹手术,在临床上是可行、安全有效的。     

Experience with laparoscopic splenectomy

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: The laparoscopic splenectomy (LS) often is adopted to treat children affected by hematologic diseases. Many of the pitfalls of LS are related to the 2 steps-dissection and extraction. Although various methods have been adopted, the conversion rate still is too high during the learning curve period. The authors analyse their experience in 54 laparoscopic splenectomies performed by their teams in 3 European countries. METHODS: From 1995 to 1999, 54 children underwent laparoscopic splenectomy, 4 of whom also underwent a concomitant cholecystectomy. There were 29 girls and 25 boys with ages ranging between 4 and 19 years (median, 8.1 years). All patients underwent an elective laparoscopic splenectomy: Thirty children had hereditary spherocytosis, 13 had an idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, 10 were affected by a beta thalassemia, and 1 child had sickle cell disease. RESULTS: Mean operating time was 140 minutes (range, 100 to 250 minutes). Hospital stay ranged from 2 to 6 days (median, 3 days). In 7 patients the spleen was removed through a 7-cm minilaparotomy; in another 46 cases the spleen was captured into an extraction bag, fragmented, and then removed through the umbilical or left orifice. There was one conversion to open surgery because of a camera failure during the operation. CONCLUSIONS: On the basis of our experience we believe that the operating time of LS is still too long compared with open surgery, and the extraction phase still not simple enough. A perfect control of hemostasis is fundamental because severe complications can arise from even a slight bleeding episode. It also is very important to search for and remove any accessory spleens. In our series this occurred in 7 patients, one of whom had 3 accessory spleens. The laparoscopic approach is today a good alternative to open splenectomy.