体表心室碎裂电位肢体导联电极安放部位研究

为在肢体导联（ＴＬｓ）记录体表心室碎裂电位（ＶＦＰ）时有效排除肌电干扰用上下肢及干６组ＴＬｓ不同部位至３６例健康人、６８便冠心病患者进行了ＶＦＰ检测。计量各组合ＶＦＰ基线上０．５秒内的肌电干扰值，与腕踝部标准ＴＬｓ记录的ＶＦＰ对照，发现将上肢电极从腕部移至腋前线内侧锁骨下，下肢电极从踝部移至腋前线内侧腹股沟上，记录ＶＦＰ肌电干扰最小，而且除电位稍增高外，ＥＣＧ和ＶＦＰ基本形态不变。     

心室晚电位体表探测分析系统

本文介绍一种心室晚电位体表探测分析系统。该系统将模拟心电信号转换成数字信号，在QRS波平均中，选R峰点为参考点，应用QRS样板波及QRS波面积算法排除早波及干扰波影响，应用双向数字滤波技术消除滤波的振铃效应。在数据处理后可绘出或显示出分析曲线与12个分析参数．临床应用证明，该系统可获得较多的信息。本文对有关探测与分析技术及效果问题也进行了讨论。     

体表电位标测图进行心室异位起搏点定位之分辨率及导联密度影响的仿真研究

基于自行构建的全心脏电生理模型,利用体表电位标测图(BSPM),进行心室异位起搏点定位之分辨率以及导联密度影响的仿真研究。在蒲肯野纤维网中选择24个心室异位起搏点,二维横向范围内(12.5 mm×16 mm)选取18个异位起搏点,在长度为7.5 mm的纵向区域选取6个异位起搏点。计算每个异位起搏点存在时的QRS等积分标测图(BSPM_QRS),并分别在横向和纵向区域内,就每一个异位起搏点与其它配对点之间BSPM_QRS的相关系数进行计算。当相关系数小于0.95,则认为两点可区分。在体表导联密度对BSPM影响的探讨中,均匀抽取导联的同时保证剩余的导联依然可以覆盖整个胸廓。采用统计反演推算方法,根据较少导联上的数值反推整体导联的信息,并通过实际值和估算值的相关系数,以判断较小的导联密度是否有体现全局信息的能力。结果显示,心室异位起搏点定位的横向分辨率为(2.80±0.62) mm,纵向分辨率为(3.25±0.39) mm。导联数目从252分别减少到132,72和36时,得到的相关系数分别为0.987±0.050,0.946±0.060 和0.852±0.080,心室异位起搏点定位分辨率也随相关系数的减小而降低。可根据应用目的在导联密度和相关系数间作出平衡。     

从体表记录连续心动周期的希—浦电位

HPS电位从体表记录时是十分微弱的,它往往被放大器的本机噪声,肌电噪声和50Hz市电及其高次谐波所干扰,在我们的研究中采用了一些新技术克服上述的干扰。用多路性能相同的放大器进行空间相关的方法获得性能良好的低噪声放大器,用改进LMS算法的自适应滤波器抑制50Hz市电及其高次谐波而保证HpS中相应频率成份不丢失,并且能进行实时处理;空间相关电极的使用,有效地抑制了肌电噪声,并使HPS电位得到增强。成功地在每个心跳周期内记录到了HPS电位。     

体表心电峰值等电位图的描绘及临床应用研究

作者首先讨论了体表心电峰值等电位图的描绘方法，其中包括将２－Ｄ展开平面网格化、建立边表、等位线上点的插值、建立等位值序列表及最后生成峰值等电位图等，利用该方法作者以３２例临床病例对五种异常心电信号进行了研究，得到了一些启发性结果。     

心室晚电位研究的历史,现状与展望

心室晚电位是心肌延迟去极化产生的碎裂电位，位于心电图ＱＲＳ波群后期并延伸到ＳＴ段的微弱的电活动，在体表可用优良的放大电路和适当的分析处理而检测出来。心室晚电位技术是８０年代开始的一种心电图检查方法，本文较全面介绍了心室晚电位研究的历史，现状及展望，并对心室晚电位的提取与处理技术和病理与临床应用研究做了较具体的介绍和评述。     

心室晚电位检测中消除振铃方法的研究

ＦＧＩＲ作者着重研究了心室晚电位（简称ＶＬＰ）检测中，进行带通滤波时，振铃现象对晚电位检测的影响及消除。我们采用双向滤波、最小相移滤波及ＦＩＲ滤波等方法探讨了振铃对ＶＬＰ的影响，比较了各种方法对振铃的抑制作用。为了考察各种方法对ＶＬＰ检出能力，作者采用了在相干平均后的心电波形上桑加与真实情况一致的仿真ＶＬＰ形的方法，比较了上述方法对ＶＬＰ的检出作用，并在证实了传统双向滤波对振铃作用的基础上，从理论     

近似熵用于心室晚电位检测的研究

采用非线性动力学方法之一的近似熵分析,对心肌梗塞康复后有无晚电位的两类病人的高分辨率心电信号(HRECG)进行小波包变换后的近似熵进行分析。实验结果显示:晚电位阳性的病人往往有较高的近似熵值,而晚电位阴性的病人的近似熵较低,并且把总序列及小波包分解的分序列的近似熵应用于经过训练的BP人工神经网络后对心室晚电位有很好的识别率。     

心室肌细胞膜电位与膜通道的动力学结构研究

本文利用Beeler-Reuter模型，对心室肌细胞膜电位及膜通道在恒定的Na^ 电导下进行了双参数分岔分析，发现五个动力学性质不同的区域，其中两个区域具有双稳吸引子，当漏电流及慢电导选择适合的参数，心肌纤维会产生自发节律，此为某些异位起博点产生的原因，在漏电流及慢电导参数平面上存在一个小的区域，振荡态与静息态共存，揭示临床上房性停搏的内在机理。     

心脏位置的改变对体表电位分布的影响

作者在所建三维仿真人体躯干模型的基础上,利用边界元方法对诸如深吸气等引起的心脏位置的改变而对体表电位产生的影响进行了正向模拟计算。文中给出了心脏分别处在中间位、垂位及横位时的体表电位分布图以及相应的心电图（QRS期间）。结果表明心脏处在不同的位置时,体表电位分布在极化方向的幅值等方面的变化都非常明显。     

心室复极化时程与自主神经系统关系的研究

目前,随着心血管疾病日益增多,国外有少量研究者开始分析心室极化时程变异（Ｒｅｐｏｌａｒｉｚｔｉｏｎ ｄｕｒａｔｉｏｎ ｖａｒｉａｂｉｌｉｔｙ,ＲＤＶ）某些心脏疾病会在心室复极化时程上会有所表现。我们用乌拉坦麻醉大白鼠,研究用阿托品阻断迷走神经前后,ＲＤＶ的变化规律。通过正常人体位变化来改变人体自主神经系统的平衡状态,以研究心室复极化时程与自主神经系统的关系,发现大白鼠的ＨＲＶ和ＲＤＶ的谱分析的峰值     

新生儿体重、身长和体表面积的研究

目的　探讨新生儿的营养及发育状况。方法　直接获取新生儿的体重、身长值,采用Du.Bois公 式计算每位新生儿的体表面积,并对其进行性别、城乡和年代差异的比较。结果　体重、身长、体表面积依年 代递增,其中体重、身长均无明显的性别、城乡及年代差异,而体表面积存在一定的年代及城乡差异,但这种差 异依年代递减。结论　新生儿的营养及发育状况在年代及城乡的差异逐渐减低。     

丙戊酸钠、碳酸锂对躁狂发作患者体质量及瘦素影响的对照研究

目的观察丙戊酸钠、碳酸锂治疗对体质量、瘦素的影响。方法 70例躁狂发作患者,随机分组后分别接受丙戊酸钠、碳酸锂治疗。动态观察治疗前、治疗2、4、6周时体质量、瘦素的变化情况。结果丙戊酸钠组体质量、瘦素分别于治疗4,6周时开始升高(t=-2.598、-2.353;P=0.017、0.037),碳酸锂组体质量于治疗6周时开始升高(t=-2.632,P=0.014),而瘦素变化不显著(均P0.05);治疗6周时,丙戊酸钠组体质量及瘦素的变化值均高于碳酸锂组(t=-1.983、-2.332,P=0.041、0.022),且体质量变化值与瘦素变化值正相关(r=0.397,P=0.018)。结论丙戊酸钠、碳酸锂治疗均可增加体质量。但前者为著,并伴有瘦素的增高。     

A Psychometric Study of Surface Electrode Placements for Facial Electromyographic Recording: I. The Brow and Cheek Muscle Regions

Despite the burgeoning literature using facial electromyography (EMG) to study cognitive and emotional processes, the psychometric properties of facial EMG measurement have received little attention. Two experiments were conducted to assess the reliability and validity of facial EMG as a measure of specific facial actions. In Experiment 1, two recording sites in the brow region were compared for their ability to differentiate facial actions hypothesized to be due to the activation of the corrugator supercilii from facial actions presumed to be due to the activation of proximate muscles (e.g. depressor supercilii, procerus, frontalis, levator labii superioris alaeque nasi, orbicularis oculi), and four sites in the infraorbital triangle were compared for their ability to differentiate facial actions hypothesized to be due to the activation of the zygomaticus major from facial actions presumed to be due the activation of proximate muscles (e.g. zygomaticus minor, risorius, buccinator, orbicularis oculi, orbicularis oris). Fifteen subjects were instructed to pose a series of facial actions while EMG activity was sampled simultaneously at all sites. In Experiment 2, 5 subjects returned to the laboratory for a more extensive investigation of surface EMG activity over the zygomaticus major muscle region. The results of this experiment confirmed the findings of Experiment 1. Overall, the results demonstrate that certain recording sites located over specific facial muscle regions are more sensitive and valid indices of particular facial actions than other nearby sites.     

Changes in Morphology and Cellular Replacement of Surface Epithelia in Human Gastric Mucosa Affected by Different Pathological Changes: A Scanning Electron Microscopical Study of Human Gastric Biopsy Material

The surface epithelium of normal gastric mucosa shows a constant turnover, migrating from the proliferation zone at the neck of the gastric glands to the mucosal surface. The cytologic changes associated with the concomitant cellular differentiation were so far studied in sections by light and electron microscopy only. With these methods neither the changes of surface morphology associated with cellular maturation nor the shedding of surface epithelia can be recorded. With the scanning electron microscope it is possible to study especially these changes of the mucosal surface plus those of the single surface epithelia over a wide range of magnification and with a sufficient depth of focus.In this study therefore an attempt was made to correlate some scanning electron microscopic findings concerning these changes of mucosal and cellular surface with the results of parallel light microscopic examinations. For this purpose double biopsies of human gastric mucosa were taken during routine endoscopic examination. One of these biopsies was processed for light microscopic examination after formaldehyde fixation. The other was fixed in buffered glutaraldehyde solution and 1 % OS04 solution and thereafter the material was processed for scanning electron microscopic study by dehydration against an increasing acetone gradient, critical point drying and sputter coating of the dry specimens which were mounted on metal stubs with conductive silver.Some aspects of surface morphology of the mucosa and the single cells in correlation to different types of gastritis are demonstrated and the morphological expressions of cytological degeneration and shedding from the mucosal surface are commented on.