胎儿法洛四联症的产前超声诊断

目的：探讨胎儿法洛四联症的产前超声特征。方法：对12例经胎儿超声检查诊断为法洛四联症的超声资料进行回顾性分析,总结胎儿法洛四联症的声像图特点。结果：产前共诊断12例法洛四联症。胎儿法洛四联症的主要声像图特征是室间隔缺损、主动脉骑跨和肺动脉主动脉内径比异常。结论：超声心动图产前诊断胎儿法洛四联症具有重要的临床意义。胎儿典型法洛四联症的主要声像图特征是室间隔缺损、主动脉骑跨和肺动脉内径较主动脉内径窄,右室前壁增厚不明显。     

16层螺旋CT诊断法洛氏四联症的临床价值

目的 探讨16层螺旋CT对法洛氏四联症(tetralogy of Fallot,TOF)的诊断价值.方法 回顾性分析25例TOF患者的16层螺旋CT表现并与心脏超声和手术进行对比.结果 25例TOF,16层螺旋CT和心脏超声都能发现和准确诊断TOF的4种主要畸形,室间隔缺损大小、主动脉骑跨程度、右室流出道狭窄以及主肺动脉、左右肺动脉内径的测量结果与手术结果经统计学分析均无显著差异(P>0.05),右心室前壁厚度16层螺旋CT和心脏超声对比亦不具有统计学差异(P>0.05);但16层螺旋CT对心外畸形的检出具有明显的优势(P<0.01). 结论 16层螺旋CT是一种无创、快速的检查技术,具有强大的后处理功能,能准确诊断TOF及其合并的其他心外畸形.     

64层螺旋CT在先天性心脏病诊断中的价值

目的 探讨64层螺旋CT在诊断先天性心脏病中的临床价值.方法 回顾性分析20例先天性心脏病的64层螺旋CT血管造影资料,并与超声心动图(ECG)及手术结果相对照.结果 经64螺旋CT心脏造影检查,显示房间隔缺损4例,室间隔缺损6例,法洛四联症7例,右室双出口伴室间隔缺损1例,动脉导管未闭2例,主动脉弓缩窄1例,主动脉弓离断1例.6例显示冠状动脉发育异常,7例显示外周肺动脉不同程度的狭窄.1例患者房间隔缺损(约3 mm)漏诊,1例患者室间隔缺损(约3 mm)漏诊.诊断准确率为90.00%.结论 64层螺旋CT心脏造影在先天性心脏病的诊断中具有重要的价值.     

拉萨和北京地区法洛四联症患者彩色多普勒超声特征对比分析

 目的 应用彩色多普勒超声心动图分析拉萨地区与北京地区法洛四联症(TOF)的特点,探讨高原与平原地区法洛四联症之间是否存在差异.方法 对北京地区24例.拉萨地区16例法洛四联症患者分别进行超声心动图检查,以上患者均经手术证实为法洛四联症.分别测量主动脉骑跨率(AOR)、室间隔缺损(VSD)的大小,测量主肺动脉(MPA)内径、右房(RA)、右室横径(RV)和右室前壁(RVAW)厚度,尤其观察肺动脉狭窄的程度.结果　将两组患者的各项测值进行比较,拉萨地区RA和RV明显扩大,RVAW增厚明显,MPA明显变窄,差异有显著性(P＜0.05),AOR和VSD无显著性差异(P＞0.05).结论 高原地区法洛四联症的超声心动图特征与高原缺氧、右心负荷明显增加之间可能存在密切相关,在高原地区患有法洛四联症的患者比平原地区患者更应早期手术为宜.     

二维超声心动图与声学造影诊断法乐氏四联症

本文报道应用二维超声心动图、声学造影诊断法乐氏四联症100例,均经手术治疗。术前超声诊断符合率95％。超声对室缺、右室肥厚及右室流出道狭窄的检出率100％;检出主动脉骑跨97％;肺动脉瓣显示率97.5％。右心声学造影93％显示收缩期有中等量或大量造影剂由右室进入主动脉,肺动脉内造影剂的有无及多少,对鉴别肺动脉闭锁及判断肺动脉狭窄程度很有帮助。本文还讨论了影响超声心动图正确诊断法乐氏四联症的因素。     

二维及彩色多普勒超声诊断肺动脉闭锁

目的:评价二维超声及彩色多普勒在诊断肺动脉闭锁中的价值。材料与方法:患者6 例,男5 、女1 ,平均年龄10 .2 岁。使用Acuson128XP/10 型彩色电脑声像仪,进行常规心血管超声检查,重点观察肺动脉口二维及彩色多普勒超声表现。结果:超声诊断6 例肺动脉闭锁中5 例为法乐氏四联症,表现室间隔缺损,主动脉骑跨,肺动脉瓣无启闭活动,其中2 例瓣叶增厚、回声强,3 例伴主肺动脉狭窄。彩色多普勒均显示室间隔缺损处双向分流,收缩期右室流出道至主肺动脉血流束中断,1 例降主动脉至主肺动脉五彩样分流束。另1 例为矫正型大血管转位合并肺动脉闭锁,室间隔缺损及动脉导管未闭。结论:二维及彩色多普勒不仅可以作出肺动脉闭锁的诊断,也可确定肺血供应动脉的来源。     

肺动脉闭锁伴室间隔缺损的产前超声诊断价值分析

目的评价超声心动图对肺动脉闭锁伴室间隔缺损(PA/VSD)的产前诊断价值,分析超声心动图误诊的原因,旨在提高超声心动图对PA/VSD的产前检出率。方法回顾性分析48例胎儿经MRI或产后超声诊断为PA/VSD的产前超声诊断资料。结果48例PA/VSD胎儿超声心动图诊断正确40例,占83.3%;产前超声漏误诊8例,占16.7%;其中2例误诊为永存动脉干,2例误诊为法洛四联症,2例误诊为单心房、单心室、肺动脉狭窄,1例误诊为右室双出口,1例漏诊粗大侧枝血管及右冠状动脉右室瘘。PA/VSD最常见的超声征象为肺动脉内径细小(43例)或不能显示(5例)、动脉导管内逆向血流(42例)、主动脉骑跨(22例),最常见的合并畸形有完全性房室间隔缺损17例(35.4%)、单心房14例(29.2%)、右位主动脉弓13例(27.1%)、单心室9例(18.8%)、右室双出口9例(18.8%)、左侧上腔静脉残存8例(16.7%)、双侧右房结构7例(14.6%)等。结论联合应用四腔心切面、心室流出道切面及三血管切面,可较为准确地诊断胎儿PA/VSD,但需要与法洛四联症及永存动脉干等畸形鉴别。     

胎儿法洛四联症的产前超声筛查及诊断

目的探讨彩色多普勒超声检查在产前诊断胎儿法洛四联症的价值和技巧。方法2010—2012年,在我院就诊待产,经产后证实为法洛四联症患儿8例,其中4例胎儿经尸解证实,4例产后超声心动图证实(2例已行手术治疗,2例随访中);采用四腔心+左、右流出道+三血管切面筛查心脏大血管,分析总结胎儿法洛四联症声图像特点。结果除1例漏诊外,其余7例产前超声筛查均作出正确诊断;法洛四联症胎儿期声图像特征主要表现为室间隔缺损、主动脉骑跨、肺动脉狭窄,右室壁增厚不明显,轻型法洛四联症容易漏诊。结论采用四腔心+左、右流出道+三血管切面筛查能减少胎儿法洛四联症漏诊,提高产前诊断率。     

法洛四联症的MRI诊断及评估

目的 通过回顾性分析法洛四联症(tetralogy of Fallot,TOF)的MRI表现,探讨法洛四联症的MRI诊断及评估价值.方法 回顾性分析15例经手术证实的法洛四联症资料,并收集20例正常志愿者作为对照组.分析法洛四联症的MRI表现,并对比法洛四联症组与正常组之间的心脏大血管结构改变特点.结果 15例TOF患者中,均可见室间隔缺损,右室流出道和肺动脉狭窄,右室肥厚及主动脉骑跨.TOF右室流出道组内径(9.47士2.80)mm较正常组(17.75士2.31)mm明显变窄,TOF组的右心室游离壁的厚度(11.67±2.77)mm较正常组(3.50±0.83)mm明显增厚,TOF组的左右室壁厚度比平均约为0.86,明显低于正常组的2.87,TOF组的主动脉根部(35.93士6.68)mm及升主动脉内径(35.13±6.89)mm较正常组(28.60±3.64)mm、(27.61±3.95)mm增大,均P＜0.05,主动脉骑跨率平均约为50.47％.结论 MRI不仅可以准确的诊断TOF,也可以对右室流出道,右心室肥厚及升主动脉做相应的评估.     

多层螺旋CT在右室双出口诊断中的应用价值

目的：探讨多层螺旋CT（MSCT）在右室双出口诊断中的应用价值。方法：75例经临床、X线片、心脏超声（UCG）拟诊为右室双出口的再行MSCT检查,采用心脏节段分析法分析内脏心房位、心室袢、大动脉关系,另外,观察室间隔缺损部位、有无肺动脉狭窄、主动脉异常及其它并发畸形,并将CT结果与手术结果进行对照。结果：75例手术证实右室双出口中,MSCT定性诊断正确73例,误诊2例。75例均有室间隔缺损。肺动脉高压10例,肺动脉狭窄53例,心脏大血管连接部分及心外并发畸形共72处,小房间隔缺损或卵圆孔未闭漏诊4处。结论：MSCT对右室双出口的解剖诊断及分型具有重要价值。观察心脏大血管连接部分及心外大血管畸形有明显优势,能显示冠状动脉情况。     

Pre-operative evaluation with MR in tetralogy of fallot and pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect

Purpose: To assess whether MR imaging could replace angiography in pre-operative evaluation of patients with tetralogy of Fallot and pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect (VSD), especially since the surgical correction was done earlier than was previously the rule.Material and Methods: Fourteen patients with tetralogy of Fallot (n=10) or pulmonary atresia with VSD (n=4), mean age 7.5±4.4 months, were evaluated with angiocardiography and MR before definitive surgical correction.Results: There was good diagnostic agreement between the two modalities when evaluating right ventricular outflow obstruction; 86% for valvular and 93% for supravalvular stenosis, but the agreement was somewhat lower for the subvalvular obstruction (57%). Surgery findings, however, were in favour of MR in 5 patients concerning the subvalvular right ventricular outflow tract obstruction. MR images identified all stenoses in the right and left pulmonary arteries, but overlooked one stenosis in the main pulmonary artery. MR could evaluate patency in all palliative shunts.Conclusion: Even in this young age group, MR imaging offers a good alternative to angiocardiography for the pre-operative evaluation of the right ventricular outflow tract, the main pulmonary artery and the proximal right and left pulmonary arteries, before definitive surgical correction of tetralogy of Fallot and pulmonary atresia with VSD.     

Clinical application of 64-slice spiral CT in the diagnosis of the Tetralogy of Fallot

OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical application of 64-slice spiral CT in the diagnosis of the Tetralogy of Fallot. METHODS: Eighteen patients with diagnosed Tetralogy of Fallot underwent cardiac CT angiography with 64-slice CT (CTA). Two- and three-dimensional images were used for diagnosing in all cases by means of MPR (coronal, sagital and oblique), cMPR, MIP and VRT. RESULTS: All patients had ventricular septal defect, pulmonary stenosis and hypertrophy of right ventricle. The morphologic features of Tetralogy of Fallot were equal to echocardiography. Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) were detected on eight patients. Main coronary artery branches and partial sub-branches were visualized in all patients. Abnormal coronary arteries were found in seven cases: both left and right main coronary artery arising from the right aortic sinus one case, right main coronary artery and circumflex (CX) arising from the right aortic sinus one case, left anterior descending (LAD) and CX arising from left aortic sinus directly one case, left and right coronary artery arising from back and front of the aortic sinus, respectively, three cases. Pulmonary artery branch stenosis was found in 12 cases and branch pulmonary artery dilation noticed in 1 case. Double superior vena cava was also found in one case. According to the surgery the diagnostic accuracy of CT and Echocardiography was 95.45 and 83.33%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Two- and three-dimensional 64-slice CTA not only show the overall anatomical structure of the heart, but also show coronary and pulmonary arteries. With these results, evaluation of coronary anomalies and pulmonary artery stenosis with 64-MSCT is extremely valuable for planning the operative procedure on the patients with Tetralogy of Fallot.     

Magnetic resonance tomography of Fallot's tetralogy

We present four patients with tetralogy of Fallot, imaged with magnetic resonance. MRI is useful in clearly depicting the dilated ascending aorta, the infundibular stenosis, ventricular septal defect, right ventricular hypertrophy and dilated bronchial arteries. The pulmonary outflow tract can be visualized better with MR imaging than with ultrasound.     

平板数字旋转右室造影在法洛四联症中的临床应用

目的：与常规右室造影比较,探讨平板数字旋转右室造影在法洛四联症（TOF）中的临床应用价值。方法：对39例法洛四联症患者行平板数字旋转右室造影,详细记录从右前斜（RAO）35。到左前斜（LAO）70。各种主要畸形及解剖所见,包括右室流出道、肺动脉主干、左肺动脉起始部、右肺动脉起始部、室间隔缺损、主动脉骑跨度、冠状动脉开口及走行、动脉导管未闭（PDA）、侧支血管及其他畸形等;选取同一患者,在TOF常规造影体位RAO30。头位及I。AO60。头位观察造影所见,并进行对照分析。结果：右室流出道、肺动脉主干、左肺动脉起始部、右肺动脉起始部、室间隔缺损、主动脉骑跨度、冠状动脉开口及走行、PDA、侧支血管及其他畸形等在旋转造影中除左肺动脉起始部良好显示率为97％,其余均为100％;而在RAO30。头位、LAO60。头位,良好显示率分别为87％、82％、77％、87％、82％、82％、72％、O％;旋转造影与常规造影在肺动脉主干、左肺动脉起始部、室间隔缺损、主动脉骑跨、冠状动脉开口及走向显示上的差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论：旋转造影较常规造影能提供更丰富的影像学信息,可从任意角度观察心腔、血管的情况,为临床治疗提供更多有益的资料。     

Tetralogy of Fallot: MR findings

Surgical treatment of patients with tetralogy of Fallot requires accurate definition of all anatomic structures, particularly the central pulmonary arteries. Magnetic resonance (MR) images of 22 patients with tetralogy of Fallot were studied to assess their usefulness in providing information regarding the spectrum of anatomic abnormalities in this condition. MR findings were compared with information obtained at catheterization (in 16 patients) and at surgery (in nine patients), both of which were performed within 3 months of MR imaging. Ventricular chamber enlargement and wall hypertrophy were clearly delineated in most of the 17 patients who were examined before definitive surgical repair, and ventricular septal defects were visualized in all 17. Palliative systemic-to-pulmonary shunts were visualized in 11 patients and could be evaluated for patency. Most important, the morphology and size of the right ventricular outflow tract and central pulmonary arteries could be accurately assessed. Pulmonary artery measurements obtained from MR images demonstrated excellent correlation with angiographic measurements. In six patients examined after complete surgical repair, MR images accurately reflected changes in pulmonary artery outflow tract morphology and complications, such as residual pulmonary artery stenosis and thrombosis. The findings suggest that MR imaging can complement or obviate catheterization in the evaluation of tetralogy of Fallot with regard to suitability for definitive surgical repair.     

Congential extracardiac shunts with tetralogy of fallot

Congenital extracardiac shunts in tetralogy of Fallot may significantly alter the history and clinical findings and also have significant management implications. An unusual variant of severe tetralogy of Fallot in a 54-year-old man enabled long survival with minimal symptoms. The patient had pulmonary valvular and infundibular stenosis, a large ventricular septal defect, an overriding aorta, and large volume systemic-to-pulmonary artery shunting from his right internal mammary and accessory internal mammary arteries to his right pulmonary artery.     

圆锥动脉干畸形产前超声诊断与误诊分析

目的:探讨产前超声诊断圆锥动脉干畸形的难点及误诊原因分析.方法:对36例胎儿圆锥动脉干畸形的病例资料进行回顾分析,将产前诊断结果与产后新生儿超声心动图或引产后解剖结果进行对比.分析产前诊断结果的偏差,总结产前超声诊断圆锥动脉干畸形的经验.结果:产前超声诊断法洛四联症9例,右室双出口8例,肺动脉闭锁伴室间隔缺损6例,完全型大动脉转位4例,矫正型大动脉转位1例,永存动脉干7例.产前诊断9例法洛四联症中2例产后手术证实为右室双出口,产前漏诊法洛四联症1例,产前诊断符合率70％(7/10);8例右室双出口中2例引产后证实为法洛四联症,产前诊断符合率75％(6/8).6例产前诊断肺动脉闭锁伴室间隔缺损,1例引产后证实为永存动脉干,产前诊断符合率83.3％(5/6);4例完全型大动脉转位,引产后证实全部正确,产前诊断符合率100％(4/4);1例矫正型大动脉转位产后超声心动图证实正确,产前诊断符合率100％(1/1);产前诊断永存动脉干7例,2例引产后证实为肺动脉闭锁伴室间隔缺损,1例引产后证实为主动脉闭锁伴室间隔缺损,产前诊断符合率57.1％(4/7),产前无法分型2例,产前诊断分型符合率50％(2/4).结论:产前超声心动图对圆锥动脉干畸形的检出具有重要的价值,产前超声心动图检查中,认真分析动态图回放、掌握CTA血流动力学改变对提高圆锥动脉干畸形产前诊断准确性有重要意义.