多胎妊娠减胎术16例临床分析

目的研究多胎妊娠早期选择性减胎术的可行性、安全性及对妊娠的影响。方法2002年1月-2005年12月在我院生殖中心行体外受精-胚胎移植受孕的16例多胎妊娠（A组）孕早期在阴道B超引导下穿刺,采用氯化钾心腔内注射或单纯胚芽穿刺抽吸法行减胎术,并与同期进行体外受精-胚胎移植受孕的64例双胎妊娠（B组）相比较。结果16例减胎术均一次成功。其中3例流产,13例患者已分娩（其中早产5例）,24个新生儿平均孕周（37.2±1.4）周,出生体重（2660.0±417.5）g,均健康无畸形。B组64例患者中4例孕早期流产,3例孕晚期流产,57例（其中早产24例）分娩109个新生儿,其中2个重度窒息死亡,2个先天畸形,平均孕周（37.0±2.0）周,出生体重（2603.3±459.7）g。两组的流产率、活产率、早产率、平均孕周、平均出生体重等均无明显差别。结论在B超引导下,多胎妊娠早期减胎术是安全、有效治疗多胎妊娠的方法。     

多胎妊娠早期选择性减胎术17例分析

目的研究多胎妊娠早期选择性减胎术的可行性、安全性及对妊娠的影响.方法17例多胎妊娠孕早期在B超引导下,将穿刺针选择性进入1个或2个胚胎的心管搏动处,反复抽吸或注入少量药物致心搏停止.结果14例经阴道减胎术单次成功,3例经腹部减胎2～3次成功.2例足月剖宫分娩,2例孕32周、孕34周提前剖宫术.5例晚期流产.2例因感染而分别于术后第3、第7天流产.6例继续妊娠.多胎妊娠的减胎术成功率88.2%(15/17).总流产率41.2%(7/17).已分娩的8个新生儿健康.结论在B超引导下,多胎妊娠早期选择性减胎术是安全、有效治疗多胎妊娠的方法.     

辅助生殖技术(ART)助孕获得多胎妊娠行减胎术后妊娠结局观察

目的:探讨辅助生殖技术(ART)获得的多胎妊娠孕早期行经阴道减胎术的有效性和安全性。方法:以经ART助孕获得多胎妊娠行经阴道减胎术的患者123例为减胎组,根据减胎后保留的胎儿数分为双胎组(A组,n=90)和单胎组(B组,n=33)。另以同期经ART助孕获得单胎妊娠(C组,n=36)和双胎妊娠(D组,n=57)的患者为对照组。回顾性分析患者的妊娠结局及妊娠期并发症发生情况。结果:减胎组的减胎成功率为100.0%,妊娠成功率为91.9%。A组胎膜早破发生率、早产发生率、新生儿低出生体质量发生率、新生儿重症监护室(NICU)入住率均高于B组(P<0.05)。结论:多胎妊娠孕早期行经阴道减胎术安全、有效、可行。多胎妊娠实施减胎术中减为单胎更为安全。     

多胎妊娠减胎术45例临床效果分析

目的　研究在经阴道多胎妊娠减胎术中包括机械破坏、钢丝绞杀和抽吸胚芽三种不同的操作方法对手术治疗效果的影响。方法　回顾性分析 4 5例接受减胎术的 3胎以上多胎妊娠的资料 ,进行多元逐步回归分析、χ2 检验或t检验。结果　 4 5例中术后流产率为 2 8 89% ;分娩孕周与手术时孕龄间的相关系数r =- 0 2 4 6 ,P =0 0 5 8,接近显著意义水平 ;χ2 检验显示以抽吸胚芽组足月产率最高而流产率最低 ,与钢丝绞杀组的流产率组间差异有显著意义 ,Pearson’χ2 =6 5 33,P <0 0 5 ;抽吸胚芽组妊娠结束时的平均孕周 (34 6 2± 7 6 0 )周为最大 ,而钢丝绞杀组 (2 7 36± 9 0 0 )周为最小 ,差异有显著意义 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　于较早期 (妊娠 7～ 8周 )采用简单的胚胎负压吸引进行经阴道多胎妊娠减胎术是较好的手术方式。     

173例多胎妊娠选择性减胎术后的围生结局

目的:分析多胎妊娠选择性减胎术后的围生结局。方法:回顾性分析2012年1月至2015年9月间173例多胎妊娠孕妇在广州医科大学附属第三医院胎儿医学中心通过经腹胎儿心内注射氯化钾(KCL)减胎术或射频消融(RFA)减胎术将多胎妊娠减至单胎或双胎的临床资料,分析减胎术后的围生结局。结果:KCL减胎术121例,术后流产率为10.0%,围生儿存活率89.2%。孕早期的流产率、≤34周早产率与孕中期比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);保留单胎的分娩孕周较保留双胎的延长约2周(37.96±2.65周vs 35.93±2.19周)且新生儿体质量更重(2.91±0.55 kg vs 2.51±0.44kg),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。RFA减胎术52例,术后围生儿存活率为71.2%。双胎输血综合征(TTTS)、选择性胎儿生长受限(s FGR)、双胎反向灌注序列综合征(TRAPs)、双胎之一结构或遗传异常术后的存活率分别为68.2%、83.3%、100.0%、53.8%。结论:KCL减胎术可在孕早中期进行,减至单胎可能更有益于围生结局。RFA减胎术中s FGR和TRAPs术后的存活率较高。选择性减胎术对改善多胎妊娠的围生结局有益。     

经阴道超声引导下减胎术在输卵管间质部妊娠合并宫内孕中的应用——减胎成功2例报告

目的探讨孕早期采用经阴道超声引导下减胎术减灭宫外妊娠胚芽的临床治疗效果。方法通过阴道超声减胎抽吸宫外妊娠组织。结果对2例诊断为未破裂输卵管间质部的早期异位活胎妊娠,通过经阴道超声引导下减胎穿刺治疗,被保留的宫内胎儿持续妊娠至足月分娩。结论孕早期采用经阴道超声引导下减胎术选择性抽吸输卵管间质部胚芽,可获得理想的临床治疗效果。但是本方法仅去除胚芽组织,对残余的绒毛组织,需密切追踪随访。     

多胎妊娠妇女孕中期选择性减胎术的临床应用

目的 通过对多胎妊娠妇女于孕中期行选择性减胎术,研究其手术指症、时机、安全性、目标胎儿的选择标准和减灭胎儿数,探讨选择性减胎术在改善多胎妊娠结局中的作用.方法 对37例孕12周+1～25周多胎妊娠孕妇(6例双胎、21例三胎、8例四胎、2例五胎,共117个胎儿)在超声引导下经腹行选择性减胎术,按产科医疗指征,在拟被减的46个胎儿心脏内注射10%氯化钾2～5 ml,见胎心逐渐减慢至停跳视为减胎术成功.术后定期产前检查和监测凝血功能,记录妊娠期并发症及妊娠结局.结果 (1)成功率:共减去胎儿46个,减胎成功率为100%(46/46个胎儿),已有27例孕妇分娩,获24个健康新生儿,妊娠成功率为88.9%(24/27).(2)分娩孕周:＞36周分娩者15例;32～36周7例;28～32周3例;＜28周流产者2例;正在妊娠中10例.平均分娩孕周(34.9±4.1)周,孕28周后分娩率为92.6%(25/27).(3)新生儿平均出生体重:单胎妊娠新生儿平均出生体重为(3014±640)g,双胎妊娠为(2557±573)g,三胎妊娠中除1例两个胎儿存活(出生体重分别为1400及1500 g)外,其余均死亡.(4)安全性:除2例单羊膜囊双胎在减灭1个胎儿后,另1个胎儿随即死亡外,其余多胎妊娠妇女的保留胎儿均未发生胎死宫内.(5)并发症:37例多胎妊娠妇女中仅3例发生子痫前期,减胎术后均无凝血功能障碍发生.(6)阴道流血:有13例孕妇减胎术前发生阴道流血,其中1例在妊娠13周强烈要求减胎,减胎术后于孕22周流产;另12例均在阴道流血停止1周以上后施行减胎.结论 (1)孕中期选择性多胎妊娠减胎术,可以有效减少多胎妊娠胎儿数目、避免异常胎儿出生,降低孕产妇并发症,提高新生儿出生体重.(2)胎儿保留数目以达双胎为好.(3)减胎术前有阴道流血者,避免在流血期间减胎,应选择在流血停止1周以上进行.(4)孕中期多胎妊娠减胎术不会造成孕妇的凝血功能障碍,也不会造成保留胎儿的宫内死亡,安全性好;减胎术后子痫前期的发病率明显下降.     

双胎妊娠一胎畸形行选择性减胎术对妊娠结局的影响

多胎妊娠是辅助生育技术的主要并发症之一。研究表明 ,为改善多胎妊娠的结局 ,对多胎妊娠行选择性胚胎减灭术 (减胎术 )是安全有效的 ,减胎术多在妊娠 7～ 12周进行[1] 。我们对在我院行辅助生育技术妊娠的 3例孕 18～ 2 6周的双胎妊娠一胎畸形者行减胎术 ,以探讨在妊娠中期施行减胎术的可行性及对妊娠结局的影响。一、资料和方法1 研究对象 :为 1999年 12月～ 2 0 0 0年 10月在我院生殖医学中心接受辅助生育技术妊娠的 3例双胎妊娠一胎畸形的患者。例 1,32岁 ,行第 2周期常规体外受精 胚胎移植(ＩＶＦ ＥＴ) ,在移植前 2ｈ行部分透明带切割…     

早孕期阴道B超引导下胚胎抽吸术的临床应用

目的 :总结早孕期多胎妊娠减胎术 ( MPR)的经验及对妊娠结局的影响。方法 :经辅助生殖技术受孕的 1 0例多胎妊娠患者接受了阴道 B超引导下胚胎抽吸术。结果 :共减灭 1 2个早孕期胚胎 ,减胎孕龄平均为 7.6± 0 .5周 ,消减每孕囊时间平均为 4.9± 2 .6min。4例 (包括 2例早产 )共分娩了 7个新生儿 ( 1例单胎 )。分娩孕周为 37.4± 2 .2周 ,出生体重为 2 72 0± 5 63.6g。无流产和新生儿死亡 ;其余 6例 (双胎 )继续妊娠 ,胎儿宫内发育良好。结论 :早孕期阴道 B超引导下胚胎抽吸术是改善多胎妊娠结局的有效方法。     

多胎妊娠经阴道减胎术35例的护理

促排卵药物的应用和辅助生殖技术的开展，为许多不孕不育患者带来了确切的效果，但同时又不可避免地带来了多胎妊娠的问题。多胎妊娠容易发生流产、早产、宫内发育迟缓且使孕产妇并发症增高。在妊娠期进行≥3胎减胎术，使多胎减为双胎或单胎既可以达到生育的目的，又可以消除多胎妊娠导致的不良后果…。现将我院生殖中心对：35例已有妊娠结局的≥3胎的多胎妊娠在孕早期经阴道行减胎术的结果及护理措施报告如下。     

胚胎宫内生长受限临床分析-附2例报告

目的总结和探讨孕早期胚胎宫内生长受限的临床过程和处理方法.方法对2例孕早期胚胎宫内生长受限的临床资料进行分析.结果宫内生长受限的胚胎给予治疗后能继续正常生长.结论孕早期存在胚胎宫内生长受限的现象.     

Embryo transfer and luteal support in natural cycles

Embryo transfer policy and luteal supplementation was reviewed, comparing literature data and the results from the Maribor IVF Centre. A retrospective analysis of 1024 cycles in patients undergoing IVF, intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) or testicular sperm aspiration in unstimulated cycles was carried out using four different approaches for cycle monitoring. This showed that the most successful protocol for monitoring was administration of human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) when serum oestradiol was >0.49 nmol/l and follicle diameter was at least 15 mm. The implantation rate per transferred embryo was higher when a blastocyst was transferred (42.8%) rather than a day-2 embryo (23.5%) in the same monitoring protocol. Analysis of the influence of patient age on the success of oocyte retrieval, oocyte fertilization, embryo transfer rate and delivery rate demonstrates that patient age does not influence the rate of positive oocyte retrieval or fertilization rate as much as it influences pregnancy rate per embryo transfer. The delivery rate per cycle was dramatically influenced by age in patients over 38 years. There is no clear evidence in the literature as to whether luteal phase support is necessary in natural cycles for IVF/ICSI. Comparing the data, a higher pregnancy rate was observed if HCG was administered after embryo transfer.     

Y染色体微缺失对卵胞质内单精子注射胚胎情况和临床结局的影响

目的:探讨Y染色体微缺失对卵胞质内单精子注射(ICSI)胚胎形成情况和临床结局的影响。方法:收集22例Y染色体微缺失患者进行的27个ICSI治疗周期(研究组)的胚胎和临床结局资料,另收集同期88例严重少精子症或无精子症非Y染色体微缺失患者的101个ICSI治疗周期(对照组)的相应资料进行回顾性分析;同时比较不同Y染色体微缺失类型患者进行ICSI的胚胎资料和临床结局。结果:研究组和对照组的受精率分别为84.91%与86.30%,卵裂率分别为95.45%与96.79%,优质胚胎率分别为49.35%与45.03%,新鲜周期移植优质胚胎率分别为80.36%与84.80%,临床妊娠率分别为65.22%与60.40%,胚胎着床率分别为41.07%与33.60%,早期流产率分别为0.00%与4.92%,活产率分别为56.52%与55.45%,男婴比例分别为56.25%与47.83%。各观察指标组间均无统计学差异(P>0.05)。AZFb区部分缺失组2个新鲜胚胎移植周期中有1例获得生化妊娠,但后转阴性;d区部分缺失组及d区和c区部分缺失组各1次新鲜胚胎移植周期且均未获得妊娠;d区部分缺失加c区全部缺失组19个新鲜胚胎移植周期15例获得妊娠且无一例发生流产。结论:Y染色体微缺失对ICSI治疗周期形成的胚胎情况和妊娠结局无显著性影响,但AZFd区部分缺失加c区全部缺失患者配偶临床妊娠机会高于其他类型Y染色体微缺失患者,AZFb区部分缺失病例配偶有妊娠丢失发生。     

Early Hormonal Markers of Pregnancy Outcome After In Vitro Fertilization and Embryo Transfer

PURPOSE: To investigate the relative power of HCG, estradiol, and progesterone determinations in the prediction of pregnancy outcome after IVF. These prognostic hormonal factors were studied as single and combined predictors. METHODS: Serum concentrations of beta-HCG, progesterone, and estradiol were measured 12-13 days after embryo transfer (study point 1) and 7 days later (study point 2) in a series of 20 consecutive infertile patients having a first-trimester spontaneous clinical abortion after an IVF-embryo transfer cycle. As a control group (n = 60), the next three IVF-embryo transfer cycles resulting in an ongoing pregnancy after each miscarried IVF cycle in our assisted reproduction program was used. The discrimination attained between the two study groups (ongoing pregnancies and miscarriages) was evaluated by logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. RESULTS: Mean hormone concentrations at study points 1 and 2 were higher in the ongoing pregnancy than in the abortion group. Regarding pregnancy outcome the percentage increment of HCG serum levels (> or = 1321%), with an accuracy (predictive value of pregnancy outcome) of 81.2% (sensitivity 98%, specificity 50%), had the best prognostic reliability but no significant differences were found when this parameter was compared with the predictive value of HCG concentration (> or = 72 IU/l) at study point 1 (diagnostic accuracy 80.5%; sensitivity 70%; specificity 80%). When ROC analysis was used, the best predictor of ongoing pregnancy according to the AUC(ROC) was HCG concentration at study point 2 but again no significant differences were found when this parameter was compared with the predictive value of HCG serum levels at study point 1. A multiple marker strategy did not help distinguish viable from nonviable pregnancies. CONCLUSION: A single, early (days 12-13 after embryo transfer) HCG quantitative serum measurement in IVF cycles not only is diagnostic but also has good predictive value for pregnancy outcome.     

Uteroplacental circulation in patients with first-trimester threatened abortion

OBJECTIVE: To assess uteroplacental circulation in patients with first-trimester threatened abortion with a living embryo. DESIGN: Prospective, cross-sectional study. SETTING: Tertiary care university hospital. PATIENT(S): Forty-nine patients with first-trimester threatened abortion and a living embryo and 129 women with singleton, low-risk, normally developing first-trimester pregnancies recruited as controls. INTERVENTION(S): Transvaginal color Doppler ultrasound measurement of the peak systolic velocity and pulsatility index of the uterine arteries and the spiral arteries. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Uteroplacental blood flow and pregnancy outcome. RESULT(S): There was a significant relation between gestational age and the peak systolic velocity and pulsatility index in the uterine arteries and between gestational age and the peak systolic velocity and pulsatility index in the spiral arteries in controls. There were no differences in any Doppler parameter assessed between the study group and the controls, even in those pregnancies that ended in spontaneous abortion. CONCLUSION(S): No apparent alteration occurs in the early uteroplacental circulation in patients with threatened abortion with a living embryo. The use of transvaginal color Doppler ultrasound is not helpful for predicting pregnancy outcome in these cases.     

Endometrial secretion aspiration prior to embryo transfer does not reduce implantation rates

Analysis of protein patterns in endometrial secretion fluid may offer a relatively non-invasive means of assessing endometrial receptivity during fertility treatment cycles. In order to study the impact of the removal of endometrial secretions on embryo implantation, a prospective matched controlled study was performed. In 66 women undergoing IVF, endometrial fluid was obtained transcervically by aspiration just prior to embryo transfer (study group). Biochemical and ongoing pregnancy rates were compared with 66 control patients matched for stimulation treatment protocol, age, number of collected oocytes and number of high quality embryos. The protein content and uterine fluid protein profile in each sample was determined. Respective biochemical and ongoing pregnancy rates per embryo transfer were 36 and 33% in patients who underwent aspiration of endometrial secretion, compared with 33 and 30% respectively in matched control patients (P = 0.84 and P = 0.85). The protein content in endometrial fluid was sufficient for protein pattern analysis. Uterine fluid aspiration prior to IVF embryo transfer is a safe method for obtaining sufficient material for uterine secretion electrophoresis, thus allowing analysis of protein patterns serving as receptivity markers during treatment cycles. This technique may offer a novel tool for assessing endometrial receptivity during treatment cycles without affecting implantation rates.     

Paracervical block and elective abortion: the effect on pain of waiting between injection and procedure

OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to assess the effect on pain and patient satisfaction of waiting between paracervical block and dilation during first-trimester abortions. STUDY DESIGN: One hundred ninety-nine women seeking pregnancy termination were randomly assigned to a no-wait group (group 1) and a 3- to 5-minute wait between injection and dilation group (group 2). Subjects rated their pain on a visual analog scale at four times: prior to procedure, with dilation, with aspiration, and 30 to 45 minutes after procedure. RESULTS: No significant differences were observed in pain or satisfaction ratings reported by group 1 (n = 93) and group 2 (n = 101). A significant decrease in pain with dilation (1.21 cm decrease, P =.009) and aspiration (1.15 cm decrease, P =.0015) was observed among patients who received fentanyl. CONCLUSION: Delay between paracervical injection and dilation during first-trimester abortion does not have an impact on patient pain or satisfaction. Fentanyl decreased pain scores by 20% to 25% during the procedure.     

Salpingectomy for Repeated Embryo Nonimplantation After In Vitro Fertilization in Patients with Severe Tubal Factor Infertility

Purpose: To evaluate the impact of salpingectomy on therates of embryo implantation and pregnancy in patients withsevere, irreversible tubal factor sterility. Methods: A retrospective study of patients with repeatedfailure of in vitro fertilization due to nonimplantation of theembryo. Seventy-two patients with severe and irreversibletubal factor sterility were selected following repeated failureof in vitro fertilization (IVF) due to assumed nonimplantationof the embryo: 35 underwent a salpingectomy beforecontinuing IVF cycles and 37 continued IVF cycles withoutsalpingectomy. Results: After the first IVF cycle consecutive to diagnosisof embryo nonimplantation, the implantation rate was 10.2%in the salpingectomy group and 6.1% in the group withoutthe procedure (P = 0.5). After all IVF cycles, the ratewas, respectively, 6.9% and 4.5% (P = 0.2). Salpingectomyimproved the pregnancy rate (PR) per transfer (23.5% vs.9.9 %; P = 0.01). The curves of the cumulative probabilityof becoming pregnant show that salpingectomy resulted inpregnancy more rapidly. Conclusions: Salpingectomy improves the PR per transferin patients with severe and irreversible tubal factor sterilitywho have experienced repeated failure of IVF due to embryononimplantation. This procedure also reduces the numberof IVF attempts needed to obtain pregnancy.     

Embryo reduction in multifetal pregnancies after infertility therapy: obstetrical risks and perinatal benefits are related to operative strategy

To assess the benefits that can be expected from embryo reduction of multiple pregnancies after infertility therapy, we report 58 consecutive cases of selective termination using either a transcervical or a transabdominal approach. The initial number of embryos was five or more in 13 patients, four in 29 patients, and three in 15 patients. The miscarriage rate after transabdominal procedures (23%) was one half of that after transcervical aspiration. Forty pregnancies resulted in the live birth of one child or more. The rate of prematurity was strongly related to the number of embryos left. Mean gestational age at birth was 35.5 weeks but reached 37.7 weeks when only one embryo was left. A reduction in premature birth after selective termination appeared clear for pregnancies with four or more embryos but was less significant for triplets.     

Impact of Physician Performing Embryo Transfer on Pregnancy Rates in an Assisted Reproductive Program

Purpose : To evaluate the effect of the individual physician performing embryo transfer, on clinical pregnancy rates. Method : Data from a total of 485 consecutive embryo transfers performed on 485 women aged 23–37 years were prospectively collected for this study. All patients underwent a standard downregulation long protocol for ovarian stimulation. Oocyte recovery was performed at 36 h after hCG administration. Embryo transfer took place at 48 h after insemination. The patients were matched in two groups that have been linked to two different ET providers (A and B). The same method of loading embryos into the embryo transfer catheter was used. Results : Clinical pregnancy rates varied significantly (p≤0.01) between the two providers: 36.1% in group A and 20.6% in group B. The number and quality of embryos transferred did not differ between the groups. Conclusion : The results suggest that the physician factor may be an important variable in embryo transfer technique.