前颞叶切除术与选择性杏仁核海马切除术治疗颞叶癫痫的疗效对比

目的对比前颞叶切除术与选择性杏仁核海马切除术治疗颞叶癫痫发作的效果。方法回顾性分析天津市环湖医院神经外科2010-12—2016-08手术治疗的颞叶癫痫病例38例,其中14例进行前颞叶切除术,9例进行选择性杏仁核海马切除术,术后随访2～8 a,分析纳入的23例患者的基本信息、手术侧别、发作症状、病理学以及术后癫痫发作的Engel分级。结果在随访的23例患者中,达到满意控制(EngelⅠ～Ⅱ级)者18例(78.3%),其中前颞叶切除术组达到满意控制(EngelⅠ～Ⅱ级)者12例(85.7%),选择性杏仁核海马切除术组达到满意控制(EngelⅠ～Ⅱ级)者6例(66.7%)。经Fisher确切概率法检验,2组术后控制率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论手术是治疗颞叶癫痫安全有效的方法,两种手术均可获得满意的临床效果。     

选择性杏仁核-海马切除术对内侧颞叶癫痫病人神经心理学的影响

目的 探讨选择性杏仁核-海马切除术（SAH）对内侧颞叶癫痫病人认知功能的影响。方法 回顾性分析2009年1月~2017年5月接受SAH治疗的67例内侧颞叶癫痫的临床资料,术前、术后3个月和术后1年均行详细的神经心理学评估,包括智商、记忆商和语言功能。结果 36例行左侧SAH,31例行右侧SAH。术后1年,癫痫控制效果达到Engel分级Ⅰ级50例,Ⅱ级7例,Ⅲ级8例,Ⅳ级2例。术后3个月,左侧手术病人言语功能、记忆商较术前明显降低（P<0.05）,右侧手术病人言语理解指数、语义流畅性测验明显改善（P<0.05）;术后1年,无论是左侧手术病人,还是右侧手术病人,智商、记忆商、言语功能较术后3个月略改善（P>0.05）;手术前后视觉记忆均无明显变化（P>0.05）。结论 海马硬化性内侧颞叶癫痫行SAH后,左侧手术病人会出现比较明显的言语和记忆功能减低。     

经皮层选择性海马杏仁核切除术治疗颞叶癫痫

目的 观察经皮层入路选择件海马含仁核切除术对颞叶癫痫的治疗效果及风险。方法 20例单侧海马硬化性顽崮性颞叶内侧癫痫患者，采用颢部开颅经颞中同侧脑室入路选择性海马杏仁核切除术治疗，随访至少1年以卜，采用Engel分级量表进行针对癫痫发作控制效果的评价。结果 Ⅰ级结果15例，Ⅱ级结果3例，Ⅲ级结果2例，无明显持久性并发症，无手术死亡。结论 在严格筛选的颞叶内侧癫痫，颞部开颅经颞中回皮层入路选择性切除海马含仁核术对治疗颞叶癫痫，安全有效。     

经颞下沟选择性杏仁核海马切除术治疗内侧颞叶癫痫

目的探讨经颞下沟侧脑室入路选择性杏仁核海马切除术治疗内侧颞叶癫痫的手术方法、效果及并发症。方法确诊为药物难治性内侧颞叶癫痫的30例患者,在无框架神经导航指引下,经颞部锁孔开颅,显微镜下分开一小段颞下沟,切开侧脑室壁,进入颞角前外侧区,选择性切除杏仁核海马。结果30例患者术后随访至少2年时间（24—59个月）,神经功能改善,无严重手术并发症,23例（76．7％）癫痫发作完全消失（EngelⅠ级）。结论经颞下沟侧脑室入路选择性杏仁核海马切除术是治疗内侧颞叶癫痫的有效方法,在神经导航辅助下手术创伤小,可妥善保护语言区和视放射,安全性高。     

经侧裂选择性杏仁核海马切除术治疗颞叶内侧癫痫

目的 探讨经侧裂选择性杏仁核海马切除术(TSSAH)治疗颞叶内侧癫痫(MTLE)的效果和手术并发症.方法 对2005年至2008年采用TSSAH治疗的18例MTLE患者进行回顾性分析及随访.结果 海马海绵状血管瘤4例(其中2例合并海马硬化),胶质瘤2例,海马硬化12例.术后随访6-37个月,Engel分级Ⅰ级(无发作)12例,Ⅱ级(仅先兆或偶发作)2例,Ⅲ级(发作显著减少)2例,Ⅳ级(发作无变化)2例.术后视野缺损9例,术区血肿1例,颅内感染1例,动眼神经损伤1例,无死亡、偏瘫及语言障碍.结论 TSSAH治疗MTLE临床疗效满意.     

选择性海马-杏仁核切除术治疗内侧颞叶癫痫85例分析

目的 采用选择性海马-杏仁核切除术治疗内侧颞叶癫痫85例，探讨手术入路的选择及治疗效果。方法 总结2000年～2004年85例选择性海马-杏仁核切除手术病例的术前临床表现、影像检查、视频脑电图和脑磁图所见以及外科手术方法，观察随访结果。结果 术后74．2％癫痫发作停止。Engel癫痫疗效分级：1级74．2％，2级16．5％，3级5．1％，4级4．2％。总有效率为95.8％。结论 选择性海马-杏仁核切除术对80％以上的内侧颞叶癫痫有效。颧弓翼点经颞下沟入路安全有效。颞底海马旁回入路可避免损伤颞叶新皮质。     

经颞下入路选择性杏仁核海马切除术在内侧颞叶癫痫治疗中的应用

研究发现,颞叶内侧结构(杏仁核海马等)与颞叶癫痫的发生和传播密切相关。Wieser甚至认为该区域为癫痫的起搏器结构,他与Yasargil合作提出了经外侧裂选择性杏仁核海马切除术代替传统的颞叶切除方法。Hori则提倡用经颞下入路选择性杏仁核海马切除术,治疗内侧颞叶癫痫,在控制癫痫基础上保留颞叶新皮质。作者采用Hori法选择性杏仁核海马切除术治疗非肿瘤性顽固性内侧颞叶癫痫60例,临床疗效满意。现总结如下。1临床资料1.1一般资料本组60例,男33例,女27例;年龄4～54岁,平均约23岁。病程0.5～31年,平均约12年。主要表现为单纯部分性发作3例,复杂…     

不同手术入路治疗海马硬化性颞叶内侧癫痫的比较

目的 比较常用的四种手术方式在治疗海马硬化性颞叶内侧癫痫(MTLE/HS)中的优缺点.方法 106例顽固性MTLE/HS患者中23例行经皮层脑室入路选择性海马杏仁核切除术;23例行经侧裂选择性海马杏仁核切除术;30例行前内侧颞叶切除术;30例行经颞下选择性海马杏仁核切除术.随访6个月-9年.采用Engel分级量表评价癫痫治疗效果,并比较并发症发生率.结果 四种术式在对癫痫发作的治疗效果比较上差异无统计学意义,无手术死亡,在并发症发生率方面差异无统计学意义.结论 对于经严格筛选的MTLE/HS,四种手术方式在疗效和安全性方面相当,可根据个人手术经验加以选择.     

神经导航下锁孔入路选择性海马杏仁核切除术治疗内侧颞叶癫痫

目的 探讨神经导航下锁孔入路选择性海马杏仁核切除术治疗顽固性内侧颞叶癫痫的可行性.方法 总结分析18例神经导航下锁孔入路选择性海马杏仁核切除病例,所有病例均经过临床特征、影像检查、视频脑电监测、脑磁图检查确定为顽固性内侧颞叶癫痫.结果 随访结果显示72.2%病例术后癫痫发作停止.Engel癫痫疗效分级:Ⅰ级72.2%,Ⅱ级22.2%,Ⅲ级5.6%.结论 神经导航下锁孔入路选择性海马杏仁核切除术是一种安全可行的手术方法,疗效满意.     

经颞下回-侧脑室入路选择性海马杏仁核切除术治疗内侧颞叶癫痫

目的 探讨经颞下回-侧脑室入路选择性海马杏仁核切除术治疗内侧颞叶癫痫的手术方法 、疗效及并发症. 方法 对确诊为药物难治性内侧颞叶癫痫的62例患者,经颞部锁孔开颅,切除中前段颞下回,进入颞角前外侧区,选择性切除海马杏仁核及海马旁回等内侧颞叶结构.结果 62例患者术后随访至少24～80个月,无严重手术并发症;Engel癫痫疗效分级;Ⅰ级45例(72.6%),Ⅱ级12例(19.4%),Ⅲ级5例(8.0%). 结论 经颢下回-侧脑室入路选择性海马杏仁核切除术是治疗内侧颞叶癫痫的有效方法 ,其手术创伤小,可妥善保护语言区和视放射,安全性高.     

颞叶内侧癫痫的两种术式对发作控制的对比分析

目的观察前颞叶切除术和选择性海马、杏仁核切除术对颞叶内侧癫痫的发作控制效果是否有差别。方法 2009年1月至2010年12月在我科行前颞叶切除术的67例颞叶内侧患者为A组;2011年6月至2013年5月在我科行选择性海马、杏仁核切除术的46例颞叶内侧患者为B组;统计分析两组术后1年发作控制为Engel I-II级和Engel III-IV级的人数。结果 A组Engel I-II级56例(83.58%),Engel III-IV级11例(16.42%);B组Engel I-II级40例(86.95%),Engel III-IV级6例(13.05%)。经χ2检验两组术后对MTLE发作的控制率无统计学差异,χ2=0.243,P0.05。结论前颞叶切除术和选择性海马、杏仁核切除术对颞叶内侧癫痫发作都能获得良好的控制,两者疗效无明显差异。     

不同术式选择对颞叶癫痫患者术后记忆功能影响的初步探讨

目的探讨不同术式选择对颞叶癫痫患者术后记忆功能的影响。方法 2009~2013年共248例海马硬化性颞叶癫痫患者在我院接受手术治疗,其中83例行标准前颞叶切除术(anterior temporal lobectomy,ATL),165例行选择性海马杏仁核切除术(selective amygdalohippocampectomy,SAH)。患者在术前、术后3个月及术后两年分别接受临床记忆功能评估。结果 ATL组和SAH组优势半球侧手术的患者临床记忆商数(memory quotient,MQ)在术后3个月(74.5±16.2,75.6±19.5)均有明显下降(P0.05),术后两年(75.1±14.1,76.1±17.6)略有恢复但仍然显著低于术前(82.9±15.8,83.2±21.2)(P0.05),其中SAH组术后3个月及术后两年相较术前MQ的减低程度都小于ATL组(7.6 vs.8.4;7.1 vs.7.8);ATL组和SAH组非优势半球侧手术的患者术后3个月的MQ(87.2±15.1,88.1±16.9)均高于术前(85.5±13.5,85.3±19.7),但无统计学意义,至术后两年时,两组患者的MQ(92.8±12.7,93.7±17.1)对比术前都有了显著的改善(P0.05),其中SAH组患者的改善幅度较ATL组略大(8.4 vs.7.3)。结论相比于ATL,SAH可能更有利于保护海马硬化性颞叶癫痫患者的术后记忆功能。     

Initial delta and delayed theta/alpha pattern in the temporal region on ictal EEG suggests purely hippocampal epileptogenicity in patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy

ObjectiveTo determine whether the ictal scalp EEG findings suggest purely hippocampal epileptogenicity in patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE) associated with hippocampal sclerosis (HS).MethodsTwenty-three patients with mTLE with pathologically confirmed HS were divided into 12 with epileptogenicity only in the hippocampus (HS only group) and 11 with epileptogenicity in both the hippocampus and temporal neocortex or other locations (HS plus group), based on the combination of surgical procedures, postoperative outcome, and pathological findings. Sixteen underwent selective amygdalohippocampectomy (SelAH) and 7 received anterior temporal lobectomy. Ictal scalp EEG findings of 79 focal impaired awareness seizures were compared between the HS only and HS plus groups. We focused on the 1–4 Hz rhythmic delta activity at ictal onset followed by 5–9 Hz rhythmic theta/alpha activity 10–30 s after the onset in the temporal region.ResultsThe initial delta and delayed theta/alpha (ID-DT) pattern was observed in 8 of 12 patients in the HS only group, but in none of 11 patients in the HS plus group (p < 0.01).ConclusionsID-DT pattern on ictal EEG suggests purely hippocampal epileptogenicity in mTLE with HS.SignificancePatients with the ID-DT pattern are likely to become seizure-free after SelAH.     

Prognostic factors in anterior temporal lobe resections for mesial temporal lobe epilepsy: multivariate analysis

PURPOSE: Even though there have been several studies on the prognostic factors of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) after lobectomy, no studies have been performed for homogeneous mesial TLE. Furthermore, most studies on the predictors of outcome of epileptic surgery were based on univariate analyses and did not consider modern epileptic surgery investigation modalities such as brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET). We attempted to identify the prognostic factors in anterior temporal lobectomy (ATL) for mesial TLE with multivariate analysis. METHODS: Ninety-three patients with mesial TLE (54 men and 39 women, mean age at surgery, 28.3 +/- 8.2 years) were included in the study. The primary outcome variable was the status of patients in the second postoperative year, classified as either seizure free (except aura), or not seizure free. Clinical, electroencephalographic, MRI, PET, Wada test, and pathological data were considered. RESULTS: Seventy-eight (84.0%) patients had remission of seizures. With univariate analysis, age at surgery (p < 0.001), epilepsy duration before surgery (p = 0.04), and ipsilateral hippocampal sclerosis on MRI (p = 0.02) were found to be significant. By using multivariate analysis, age at surgery (p = 0.001) and ipsilateral hippocampal sclerosis on MRI (p = 0.03) were found to be the most significant prognostic factors. CONCLUSIONS: Age at surgery and hippocampal sclerosis are independent prognostic factors for ATL in mesial TLE. These findings suggest that mesial TLE may be a progressive disorder, and surgical outcome is better when early ATL is performed.     

Antiepileptic drug treatment in seizure-free mesial temporal lobe epilepsy patients with hippocampal sclerosis following selective amygdalohippocampectomy

Retrospectively we analysed postoperative AED treatment in patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy and hippocampal sclerosis (MTLE-HS) who were seizure free following selective amygdalohippocampectomy (AHE). In this subgroup, we compared the patients without AEDs with that in the entire series. RESULTS: During the year prior to surgery, in the MTLE-HS group, a mean of 2.3 +/- 0.8 AEDs were taken. The percentage of seizure-free MTLE-HS patients without AEDs increases to 40% from the postoperative year 5 on. In the ILAE Class 1a (seizure- and aura-free since surgery) at postoperative year 5 more than 60% and from postoperative year 7 on more than 90% have discontinued AED intake. CONCLUSION: These figures indicate that reduction and discontinuation of AEDs is the same in the subgroup "seizure-free MTLE-HS patients" compared to the entire series.     

Short-term cognitive changes after surgery in patients with unilateral mesial temporal lobe epilepsy associated with hippocampal sclerosis

We investigated the short-term postoperative cognitive function of patients with unilateral mesial temporal lobe epilepsy associated with hippocampal sclerosis (MTLE/HS). Fourteen unilateral MTLE/HS patients who had undergone selective amygdalohippocampectomy (SAH) or anterior temporal lobectomy (ATL) were enrolled. Cognitive functions related to the frontal and temporal lobes were evaluated using a battery of neuropsychological tests administered before surgery and 3 months after surgery. The battery included the Verbal Fluency Test (VFT), Boston Naming Test (BNT), Stroop Color-Word Test (TST), Trail Making Test (TMT) and Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS). MTLE/HS patients demonstrated significantly improved postoperative performance on the TST regardless of the surgical method or side of resection. There was no significant difference in any of the other neuropsychological tests before and after surgery. After left-side resection, performance on the VFT and the TMT-B was worse than at baseline. After right-side resection, performance on the VFT and WMS short-term memory improved; however, these differences were not statistically significant. SAH patients exhibited improved TST performance but worse TMT-A performance; however, performance on all tests was not significantly different after surgery in ATL patients. In summary, MTLE/HS patients demonstrated improved frontal lobe-related cognitive function after surgery, but no such improvement in temporal lobe-related function was observed. Based on cognitive evaluation, right-sided MTLE/HS patients may be more appropriate surgical candidates than left-sided MTLE/HS patients. SAH may not be better than ATL in improving cognitive function. We hypothesise that postoperative cognitive changes depend on whether the excised cerebral regions are related to the neuropsychological functions examined by specific assessment instruments.     

颞叶癫痫患者颞叶切除术前后的记忆评估

目的探讨颞叶切除术对颞叶癫痫患者术后记忆功能的影响。方法回顾性分析2012年7月至2013年12月收治的17例颞叶癫痫患者的临床资料,采用成人韦氏量表测量患者颞叶切除术前及术后6个月记忆商（MQ）值。结果术前MQ平均值为（89.94±4.45）,术后6个月为（104.76±4.96）,差异显著（P〈0.05）。术前长时MQ值为（37.53±1.95）,术后为（40.53±1.70）,术后长时记忆改善不明显（P〉0.05）。术前短时记忆MQ值为（46.29±2.43）,术后为（54.94±3.18）;术前瞬时MQ均值为（6.12±1.37）,术后为（9.29±1.00）;术后短时及瞬时MQ均较术前有显著差异（P〈0.05）。EngleⅠ～Ⅱ级15例病人中,术后MQ较术前改善11例,无明显变化4例;EngleⅢ～Ⅳ级2例病人中,MQ值较术前下降1例,无改变1例。结论颞叶切除术可明显改善颞叶癫痫患者术后MQ。